首頁>> 文學>> 现实百态>> Ernest Hemingway   United States   冷战开始   (July 21, 1899 ADJuly 2, 1961 AD)
太陽照常升起 The Sun Also Rises
  美國青年巴恩斯在第一次世界大戰中脊椎受傷,失去性能力,戰後在巴黎任記者時與英國人阿施利夫人相愛,夫人一味追求享樂,而他衹能藉酒澆愁。兩人和一幫男女朋友去西班牙潘普洛納參加鬥牛節,追求精神刺激。夫人拒絶了猶太青年科恩的苦苦追求,卻迷上了年僅十九歲的鬥牛士羅梅羅。然而,在相處了一段日子以後,由於雙方年齡實在懸殊,而阿施利夫人又不忍心毀掉純潔青年的前程,這段戀情黯然告終。夫人最終回到了巴恩斯身邊,儘管雙方都清楚,彼此永遠也不能真正地結合在一起。這是海明威的第一部長篇小說,作者藉此成為“迷惘的一代”的代言人,並以此書開創了海明威式的獨特文風。


  The Sun Also Rises is the first major novel by Ernest Hemingway (July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961). Published in 1926, the plot centers on a group of expatriate American citizens and British subjects in continental Europe during the 1920s. The book's title, selected by Hemingway (at the recommendation of his publisher) is taken from Ecclesiastes 1:5: "The sun also ariseth, and the sun goeth down, and hasteth to his place where he arose." Hemingway's original title for the work was Fiesta, which was used in the British, German, Russian, Italian and Spanish editions of the novel. In The Sun Also Rises, Hemingway melds Paris to Spain; vividly depicts the running of the bulls in Pamplona; presents the symmetry of bullfighting as a place to face death; and blends the frenzy of the fiesta with the tranquility of the Spanish landscape. The novel is generally considered Hemingway's best work.
  
  The novel made Hemingway famous, inspired young ladies across America to wear short hair and sweater sets like Brett Ashley's—and to act like her too—and changed writing style in ways that could be seen by picking up any American magazine published within the next twenty years.
  
  Time magazine included the novel in its TIME 100 Best English-language Novels from 1923 to 2005.
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  你們都是迷惘的一代。 -- 引自和格特露德·斯坦的一次談話①
   一代過去,一代又來,地卻永遠長存。日頭出來,日頭落下。急歸所出之地。風往南颳,又嚮北轉,不住的旋轉,而 且返回轉行原道。江河都往海裏流,海卻不滿。江河從何處流,仍歸還何處。
   -- 《傳道書》②
   ①一九二四年夏,斯坦曾在和海明成交談時,把參加過第一次世界大戰的青年稱之為“迷惘的一代”。海明威最初曾考慮以之作為本書的書名。
   ②引自《聖經傳道書》,第一章第四到第七節。“日頭出來”四字在聖經英譯本中作 "The sun also ariseth"。海明威最後采用為本書書名,改用現代英語的拼法。本書中譯本書名即照此譯出。


  This book is for Hadley
   and for John Hadley Nicanor
   "_You are all a lost generation_."
   --GERTRUDE STEIN IN CONVERSATION
   "_One generation passeth away, and another generation cometh; but the earth abideth forever... The sun also ariseth, and the sun goeth down, and hasteth to the place where he arose... The wind goeth toward the south, and turneth about unto the north; it whirleth about continually, and the wind returneth again according to his circuits. .. . All the rivers run into the sea; yet the sea is not full; unto the place from whence the rivers come, thither they return again_."
   -- ECCLESIASTES
第一章
  羅伯特.科恩一度是普林斯頓大學中量級拳擊冠軍。別以為一個拳擊冠軍的稱號會給我非常深刻的印象,但當時對科恩卻是件了不起的事兒。他對拳擊一點也不愛好,實際上他很討厭拳擊,但是他仍然痛苦而一絲不苟地學打拳,以此來抵消在普林斯頓大學被作為猶太人對待時所感到的低人一等和羞怯的心情。雖然他很靦腆,是個十分厚道的年輕人,除了在健身房裏打拳,從來不跟人打架鬥毆,但是想到自己能夠把瞧不起他的任何一個人在地,他就暗自得意。他是斯拜德.凱利的得意門生。不管這些年輕人的體重是一百零五磅,還是二百零五磅,斯拜德.凱利都把他們當作次輕量級拳擊手來教。不過這種方法似乎對科恩很適合。他的動作確實非常敏捷。他學得很好,斯拜德馬上安排他跟強手交鋒,給他終生留下了一個扁平的鼻子。這件事增加了科恩對拳擊的反感,但也給了他某種異樣的滿足,也確實使他的鼻子變得好看些。他在普林斯頓大學的最後一年裏,讀書過多,開始戴眼鏡。我沒見過他班上的同學還有誰記得他的。他們甚至記不得他曾是中量級拳擊冠軍。
   我對所有坦率、樸實的人嚮來信不過,尤其是當他們講的事沒有漏洞的時候,因此我始終懷疑羅伯特.科恩大概從來也沒當過中量級拳擊冠軍,也許有匹馬曾踩過他的臉,要不,也許他母親懷胎時受過驚嚇或者看見過什麽怪物,要不,也許他小時候曾撞在什麽東西上,不過他這段經歷終於有人從斯拜德.凱利那裏給我得到證實。斯拜德.凱利不僅記得科恩。他還常常想知道科恩後來怎麽樣了。
   從父係來說,羅伯特.科恩出身於紐約一個非常富有的猶太家庭,從母係來說,又是一個古老世傢的後裔。為了進普林斯頓大學,他在軍事學校補習過,是該校橄欖球隊裏非常出色的邊鋒,在那裏,沒人使他意識到自己的種族問題。進普林斯頓大學以前,從來沒人使他感到自己是一個猶太人,因而和其他人有所不同。他是個厚道的年輕人,是個和善的年輕人,非常靦腆,這使他很痛心。他在拳擊中發泄這種情緒,他帶着痛苦的自我感覺和扁平的鼻子離開普林斯頓大學,碰到第一個待他好的姑娘就結了婚。他結婚五年,生了三個孩子,父親留給他的五萬美元幾乎揮霍殆盡(遺産的其餘部分歸他母親所有),由於和有錢的妻子過着不幸的家庭生活,他變得冷漠無情,使人討厭;正當他决心遺棄他妻子的時候,她卻拋棄了他,跟一位袖珍人像畫傢出走了。他已有好幾個月盡考慮着要離開他的妻子,因為覺得使她失去他未免太殘酷,所以沒有那麽做,因此她的出走對他倒是一次很有利的衝擊。
   辦妥了離婚手續,羅伯特.科恩動身去西海岸。在加利福尼亞,他投身於文藝界,由於他那五萬美元還略有剩餘,所以不久就資助一傢文藝評論雜志。這傢雜志創刊於加利福尼亞州的卡默爾,停刊於馬薩諸塞州的普羅文斯敦。科恩起初純粹被看作一個後臺老闆,他的名字給登在扉頁上衹不過作為顧問之一,後來卻成為唯一的編輯了。雜志出刊靠他的錢,他發現自己喜歡編輯的職權。當這傢雜志因開支太大,他不得不放棄這項事業時,他感到很惋惜。
   不過那時候,另外有事要他來操心了。他已經被一位指望跟這傢雜志一起飛黃騰達的女士捏在手心裏了。她非常堅強有力,科恩始終沒法擺脫她的掌握。再說,他也確信自己在愛她。這女士發現雜志已經一撅不振時,就有點嫌棄科恩,心想還是趁有東西可撈的時候撈它一把的好,所以她極力主張他倆到歐洲去,科恩在那裏可以從事寫作。他們到了她曾在那裏念過書的歐洲,呆了三年。這三年期間的第一年,他們用來在各地旅行,後兩年住在巴黎,羅伯特.科恩結識了兩個朋友:布雷多剋斯和我。布雷多剋斯是他文藝界的朋友。我是他打網球的夥伴。
   這位掌握科恩的女士名叫弗朗西絲,在第二年末發現自己的姿色日見衰退,就一反過去漫不經心地掌握並利用科恩的常態,斷然决定他必須娶她。在此期間,羅伯特的母親給了他一筆生活費,每個月約三百美元。我相信在兩年半的時間裏,羅伯特.科恩沒有註意過別的女人。他相當幸福,衹不過同許多住在歐洲的美國人一樣,他覺得還是住在美國好。他發現自己能寫點東西。他寫了一部小說,雖然寫得很不好,但也完全不象後來有些評論傢所說的那麽糟,他博覽群書,玩橋牌,打網球,還到本地一個健身房去打拳。我第一次註意到這位女士對科恩的態度是有天晚上我們三人一塊兒吃完飯之後。我們先在大馬路飯店吃飯,然後到凡爾賽咖啡館喝咖啡。喝完咖啡我勻喝了幾杯白蘭地,我說我該走了。科恩剛在談我們倆到什麽地方去來一次周末旅行。他想離開城市好好地去遠足一番。我建議坐飛機到斯特拉斯堡,從那裏步行到聖奧代爾或者阿爾薩斯地區的什麽別的地方。“我在斯特拉斯堡有個熟識的姑娘,她可以帶我們觀光那座城市,”我說。
   有人在桌子底下踢了我一腳。我以為是無意中碰着的,所以接着往下說:“她在那裏已經住了兩年,凡是城裏你想要瞭解的一切她都知道。她是位可愛的姑娘。”
   在桌子下面我又挨了一腳,我一看,衹見弗朗西絲,就是羅伯特的情人,撅着下巴,板着面孔呢。
   “真混帳,”我說,“為什麽到斯特拉斯堡去呢?我們可以朝北到布魯日或者阿登森林去嘛。”
   科恩好象放心了。我再也沒有挨踢。我嚮他們說了聲晚安就往外走。科恩說他要陪我到大街拐角去買份報紙。“上帝保佑,”他說,“你提斯特拉斯堡那位姑娘幹啥啊?你沒看見弗朗西絲的臉色?”
   “沒有,我哪裏知道?我認識一個住在斯特拉斯堡的美國姑娘,這究竟關弗朗西絲什麽事?”
   “反正一樣。不管是哪個姑娘。總而言之,我不能去。”
   “別傻了。”“你不瞭解弗朗西絲。不管是哪個姑娘,你沒看見她那副臉色嗎?”
   “好啦,”我說,“那我們去森利吧。”
   “別生氣。”
   “我不生氣。森利是個好地方,我們可以住在麋鹿大飯店,到樹林裏遠足一次,然後回傢。”
   “好,那很有意思。”
   “好,明天網球場上見,”我說。
   “晚安,傑剋,”他說完,回頭朝咖啡館走去。
   “你忘記買報紙了,”我說。
   “真的。”他陪我走到大街拐角的報亭。“你真的不生氣,傑剋?”他手裏拿着報紙轉身問。
   “不,我幹嗎生氣呢?”
   “網球場上見,”他說。我看着他手裏拿着報紙走回咖啡館。我挺喜歡他,可弗朗西絲顯然弄得他的日子很不好過。


  Robert Cohn was once middleweight boxing champion of Princeton. Do not think that I am very much impressed by that as a boxing title, but it meant a lot to Cohn. He cared nothing for boxing, in fact he disliked it, but he learned it painfully and thoroughly to counteract the feeling of inferiority and shyness he had felt on being treated as a Jew at Princeton. There was a certain inner comfort in knowing he could knock down anybody who was snooty to him, although, being very shy and a thoroughly nice boy, he never fought except in the gym. He was Spider Kelly's star pupil. Spider Kelly taught all his young gentlemen to box like featherweights, no matter whether they weighed one hundred and five or two hundred and five pounds. But it seemed to fit Cohn. He was really very fast. He was so good that Spider promptly overmatched him and got his nose permanently flattened. This increased Cohn's distaste for boxing, but it gave him a certain satisfaction of some strange sort, and it certainly improved his nose. In his last year at Princeton he read too much and took to wearing spectacles. I never met any one of his class who remembered him. They did not even remember that he was middleweight boxing champion.
   I mistrust all frank and simple people, especially when their stories hold together, and I always had a suspicion that perhaps Robert Cohn had never been middleweight boxing champion, and that perhaps a horse had stepped on his face, or that maybe his mother had been frightened or seen something, or that he had, maybe, bumped into something as a young child, but I finally had somebody verify the story from Spider Kelly. Spider Kelly not only remembered Cohn. He had often wondered what had become of him.
   Robert Cohn was a member, through his father, of one of the richest Jewish families in New York, and through his mother of one of the oldest. At the military school where he prepped for Princeton, and played a very good end on the football team, no one had made him race-conscious. No one had ever made him feel he was a Jew, and hence any different from anybody else, until he went to Princeton. He was a nice boy, a friendly boy, and very shy, and it made him bitter. He took it out in boxing, and he came out of Princeton with painful self-consciousness and the flattened nose, and was married by the first girl who was nice to him. He was married five years, had three children, lost most of the fifty thousand dollars his father left him, the balance of the estate having gone to his mother, hardened into a rather unattractive mould under domestic unhappiness with a rich wife; and just when he had made up his mind to leave his wife she left him and went off with a miniature-painter. As he had been thinking for months about leaving his wife and had not done it because it would be too cruel to deprive her of himself, her departure was a very healthful shock.
   The divorce was arranged and Robert Cohn went out to the Coast. In California he fell among literary people and, as he still had a little of the fifty thousand left, in a short time he was backing a review of the Arts. The review commenced publication in Carmel, California, and finished in Provincetown, Massachusetts. By that time Cohn, who had been regarded purely as an angel, and whose name had appeared on the editorial page merely as a member of the advisory board, had become the sole editor. It was his money and he discovered he liked the authority of editing. He was sorry when the magazine became too expensive and he had to give it up.
   By that time, though, he had other things to worry about. He had been taken in hand by a lady who hoped to rise with the magazine. She was very forceful, and Cohn never had a chance of not being taken in hand. Also he was sure that he loved her. When this lady saw that the magazine was not going to rise, she became a little disgusted with Cohn and decided that she might as well get what there was to get while there was still something available, so she urged that they go to Europe, where Cohn could write. They came to Europe, where the lady had been educated, and stayed three years. During these three years, the first spent in travel, the last two in Paris, Robert Cohn had two friends, Braddocks and myself. Braddocks was his literary friend. I was his tennis friend.
   The lady who had him, her name was Frances, found toward the end of the second year that her looks were going, and her attitude toward Robert changed from one of careless possession and exploitation to the absolute determination that he should marry her. During this time Robert's mother had settled an allowance on him, about three hundred dollars a month. During two years and a half I do not believe that Robert Cohn looked at another woman. He was fairly happy, except that, like many people living in Europe, he would rather have been in America, and he had discovered writing. He wrote a novel, and it was not really such a bad novel as the critics later called it, although it was a very poor novel. He read many books, played bridge, played tennis, and boxed at a local gymnasium.
   I first became aware of his lady's attitude toward him one night after the three of us had dined together. We had dined at l'Avenue's and afterward went to the Caf?de Versailles for coffee. We had several _fines_ after the coffee, and I said I must be going. Cohn had been talking about the two of us going off somewhere on a weekend trip. He wanted to get out of town and get in a good walk. I suggested we fly to Strasbourg and walk up to Saint Odile, or somewhere or other in Alsace. "I know a girl in Strasbourg who can show us the town," I said.
   Somebody kicked me under the table. I thought it was accidental and went on: "She's been there two years and knows everything there is to know about the town. She's a swell girl."
   I was kicked again under the table and, looking, saw Frances, Robert's lady, her chin lifting and her face hardening.
   "Hell," I said, "why go to Strasbourg? We could go up to Bruges, or to the Ardennes."
   Cohn looked relieved. I was not kicked again. I said good-night and went out. Cohn said he wanted to buy a paper and would walk to the corner with me. "For God's sake," he said, "why did you say that about that girl in Strasbourg for? Didn't you see Frances?"
   "No, why should I? If I know an American girl that lives in Strasbourg what the hell is it to Frances?"
   "It doesn't make any difference. Any girl. I couldn't go, that would be all."
   "Don't be silly."
   "You don't know Frances. Any girl at all. Didn't you see the way she looked?"
   "Oh, well," I said, "let's go to Senlis."
   "Don't get sore."
   "I'm not sore. Senlis is a good place and we can stay at the Grand Cerf and take a hike in the woods and come home."
   "Good, that will be fine."
   "Well, I'll see you to-morrow at the courts," I said.
   "Good-night, Jake," he said, and started back to the caf?
   "You forgot to get your paper," I said.
   "That's so." He walked with me up to the kiosque at the corner. "You are not sore, are you, Jake?" He turned with the paper in his hand.
   "No, why should I be?"
   "See you at tennis," he said. I watched him walk back to the caf?holding his paper. I rather liked him and evidently she led him quite a life.
首頁>> 文學>> 现实百态>> Ernest Hemingway   United States   冷战开始   (July 21, 1899 ADJuly 2, 1961 AD)