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短篇小说>> pǔ luó sī pèi · méi lǐ měi Prosper Mérimée fǎ guó France shí jiǔ shì jì de fǎ guó (1803niánjiǔyuè28rì～1870niánjiǔyuè23rì)
kǎ mén Carmen
zài yáo yuǎn huāng liáng de bō xī mǐ yà， qiáng dào tóu zǐ dú yǎn lóng zài yī cì xíng dòng zhōng bèi fú， guān zài dì láo lǐ， tā měi lì 'ér táo qì de qī zǐ kǎ mén（ 15 suì）， dài zhe zhàng fū de shǔ xià， qián lái yíng jiù tā， tā lì yòng jǐ cì làng màn shén mì de xiè hòu gòu yǐn liǎo jǐng chá huò sài， chéng wéi tā de qíng fù， lì yòng tā duì tā de mí liàn， piàn tā qù yī yè qíng， cóng 'ér wéi tóng móu men jié yù zhì zào liǎo jī huì， jiù chū liǎo zì jǐ de zhàng fū。
ér huò sài yīn wéi shī zhí， bèi jí hèn tā de tóng liáo jǔ bào hòu guān yā zài dì láo， kǎ mén shè fǎ yíng jiù tā， dàn tā chū yú yuán zé hé zūn yán， jù jué liǎo kǎ mén de bāng zhù， bèi biǎn wéi jiāng jūn de kàn mén guān， cǐ jiān kǎ mén yòu zài qiáng dào zhàng fū de 'ān pái xià， gòu yǐn liǎo jiāng jūn fǔ dǐ shàng zuò kè de yīng guó jūn guān， xī wàng jiè cǐ qiāo zhà lè suǒ， qiǎng shàng yī bǐ。
huò sài dù jì zhī xià， shā sǐ liǎo yīng guó jūn guān， pò huài liǎo tā men de jìhuà， cóng 'ér zǒu shàng liǎo fàn zuì de dào lù。
qiáng dào tóu zǐ wèile bào fù， dài rén mǎ dǔ jié yào shā tā。 měi lì táo qì díkǎ mén zài cì xiàng zǒu tóu wú lù de huò sài shēn chū shuāng shǒu， quàn tā rù huǒ tā men de duì wǔ， 4 rén yī qǐ guò zhe qiǎng jié de shēng huó。
dàn huò sài zài cì chū yú dù jì， shā sǐ liǎo kǎ mén de zhàng fū， dāng shàng liǎo qiáng dào tóu zǐ， bìng qǔ kǎ mén wéi qī。 zhī hòu， tā yán lì jìn zhǐ kǎ mén hé mò shēng rén shuō huà， bìng dǎ suàn dài kǎ mén yuǎn lí jiāng hú， guò yǐn jū de shēng huó。 shēng xìng zì yóu díkǎ mén gǎn dào hěn jū shù， tā bǐ jiào xǐ huān yǐ qián nà zhǒng suí xīn suǒ yù de shēng huó， jiù zài lǚ guǎn lǐ hé yī gè dǒu niú shì sī bēn liǎo。 huò sài yī lù zhuī shā tā men， tā zài bàn lù shàng yù jiàn liǎo qì jí bài huài de dǒu niú shì， tā shuō kǎ mén qián xiē tiān yī gè chuán cháng sī bēn liǎo。 huò sài jiāng tā shā sǐ hòu， jì xù zhuī shā kǎ mén。 dāng tā zhǎo dào kǎ mén shí， kǎ mén zhèng zhǔn bèi děng tā de xīn qíng láng héng héng sī bēn， huò sài zài bàn lù shàng jiě jué diào nà gè chuán cháng de xìng mìng， rán hòu wēi xié kǎ mén， tā shuō zì jǐ yuàn yì yuán liàng tā guò qù de zuì guò， zhǐ yào tā gēn tā zǒu。 kǎ mén gāo 'ào dì jù jué liǎo， tā shuō nìngkě xuǎn zé zì yóu， yě bù yào guò nà zhǒng yā yì de shēng huó， yú shì huò sài yòng bǐ shǒu shā sǐ liǎo kǎ mén， tòng kū zhe lí kāi zhè gè shāng xīn de dì fāng。
《 kǎ mén》 - zuò zhě jiǎn jiè
pǔ luó sī pèi méi lǐ měi（ １ ８ ０ ３ ～１８ ７０）， fǎ guó jù zuò jiā hé duǎn piān xiǎo shuō dà shī； tóng shí yě shì lì shǐ xué jiā hé kǎo gǔ xué jiā。 chū shēn yú bā lí yī gè huà jiā jiā tíng。 yuán gōng dú fǎ lǜ， dàn duì xī là yǔ、 xī bān yá yǔ、 yīng yǔ、 é yǔ jí zhè xiē yǔ zhǒng de wén xué yòu gèng nóng hòu de xīng qù。１ ９ suì kāi shǐ chuàng zuò， zuò pǐn yòu shōu jí chū bǎn de jù běn jí《 kè lā lā jiā sū 'ěr xì jù jí》（ bāo kuò wǔ gè jù běn） hé lì shǐ jù《 yǎ kè tuán》， yòu cháng piān xiǎo shuō《 chá lǐ jiǔ shì de yì shì》 hé zhōng、 duǎn piān xiǎo shuō《 mǎ tè 'ào fǎ 'ěr gē nèi》、《 gōng zhàn lēng bǎo》、《 tǎ màn guǒ》、《 gāo lóng bā》、《 jiā 'ěr màn》、《 yī 'ěr de měi shén》 děng。 cǐ wài， hái yòu yóu jì《 háng hǎi zhá jì》 hé lì shǐ xué、 kǎo gǔ xué fāng miàn de lùn zhù fā biǎo。
《 kǎ mén》 - rén wù píng jià
kǎ mén kàn qǐ lái nà me chún jié， jiǎn zhí xiàng jiē shàng de xiǎo shèng mǔ， yòu yī dù shèn zhì shì xíng mǎn shì fàng fàn men de bǎo bèi。 tā men qǐng tā hē jiǔ， bǎo hù zhe tā， shuí xiǎng duì tā bù guǐ， tā men jiù dǎ duàn tā de gēbo； rú guǒ méi yòu tā， tā men de xīn lǐ huì tā xiàn， shī qù zuì hòu yī diǎn duì rén shēng de xìn niàn。 kǎ mén zhù dòng dǎ pò zhè yī qiē。 kě néng shì tā de xuè yè qǐ zuò yòng。
yīn wéi tā fā xiàn， rú guǒ gēn tā men xìng jiāo， néng gòu gěi nà xiē nán rén bāo kuò nán hái hěn dà dì kuài wèi， chú cǐ yǐ wài， tā hái néng mì mì dǐ dá tā men de nèi xīn lǐng yù， cǎi jí dào tā men qīng yì bù duì wài kāi fàng de wēn róu。
tā jīng cháng zì dài bì yùn tào hé huàn xǐ nèi kù dào nà xiē yǐ hūn zhě de jiā lǐ， chéng tā men de qī zǐ men bù zài， tóng tā men mì mì yuē huì。 bù nán xiǎng xiàng， dāng tā bù tí rèn hé yào qiú lí kāi shí， nà xiē jiā huǒ shì duō me dì gǎn jī tì líng。 kǎ mén xiǎng shòu tā men de gǎn jī。
màn màn dì， zhè chéng liǎo kǎ mén yǔ wài jiè gōu tōng de fāng shì， fǒu zé， tā dǎo hěn yuàn yì bǎ zì jǐ fēng bì qǐ lái， chén jìn yú shī zhǎn nà duàn rì zǐ de huí yì。
《 kǎ mén》《 kǎ mén》
xiǎo shuō lǐ kǎ mén de xíng wéi shì fàng dàng bù jī de， shì nán yǐ xiǎng xiàng de。 zài kǎ mén de shì jiè lǐ， tā de yī qiē jià zhí zhǔn zé hé rén shēng yuán zé hé pǔ tōng rén de guān niàn yòu zhe nà me shēn kè、 xiān míng de chōng tū。 wèile zhè gè chōng tū，《 kǎ mén》 yǐ jí kǎ mén de nèi xīn shēn shēn dì xī yǐn zhe wǒ men。
kǎ mén shì shàn liáng de， kǎ mén yě shì kě bēi de。 tā yòng xìng jiāo lái huò dé 'ài de gǎn jué， lái huò dé nán rén xīn dǐ de qīng yì bù kāi fàng de wēn róu， lái huò dé tā men de gǎn jī， lái huò dé zì jǐ de jià zhí yǔ zūn yán。 dàn tā bù néng 'ài， tā kě yǐ tōng guò xìng jiāo lái gǎn shòu 'ài。 yīn wéi tā de 'ài yòu bié yǔ pǔ tōng rén de 'ài， tā de 'ài lái dé gèng jiā zhēn chéng， gèng jiā chè dǐ， gèng jiā wàng wǒ， gèng jiā zhì rè， yīn wéi， tā de 'ài jiù shì tā de shēng mìng。 yī dàn 'ài， ài duì yú tā 'ér yán jiù shì huǐ miè， jiù shì sǐ wáng ……
zuì hòu， lǐ féng zhè yàng jié shù liǎo zhè gè gù shì： tā luò zài yuè tái shàng， jiàn qǐ liǎo yī xiē huī chén， jǐ zhāng qián yě huá luò liǎo chū lái， kǎ mén xiàng tiáo shuāi ruò de gǒu yī yàng pū liǎo shàng qù， huāng luàn dì bǎ qián sài huí liǎo xìn fēng lǐ， rán hòu tā bǎ xìn fēng chuài hǎo， pāi pāi shēn shàng de tǔ， zhuǎn shēn lí qù， cóng shǐ zhì zhōng， dōuméi yòu kàn wǒ yī yǎn。
wǒ guān shàng chuāng hù， dāi dāi dì zuò zài xiǎo kǎ zuò shàng， bí zǐ liǎng cè yī zhèn bīng liáng， kě zhè cì liú chū lái de bù shàng bí xuè， ér shì yǎn lèi。 wǒ zài xiǎng， wǒ gēn kǎ mén de guān xì jiù zhè me jié shù liǎo！ guò liǎo yī huì 'ér， yǎn lèi tíng liǎo， wǒ kāi shǐ xià yì shí dì dà liàng chē xiāng lǐ zǒu dòng de nián qīng nǚ rén。 wǒ de jīng lì shì rú cǐ dì chōng pèi， shì kǎ mén fù yú liǎo wǒ zhè yī qiē。 dàn shì zài nà zhī hòu， wǒ què shí jiù zài méi yòu kàn jiàn guò kǎ mén。
háo sài zài yù dào kǎ mén zhī qián shì gè shénme yàng zǐ de nán rén ní？ tā 'ānfèn shǒu jǐ， zhōng yú zhí shǒu， shì gè gòu gé 'ér qiě qián tú wú liàng de jūn rén， dàn yóu yú yǐ jīng bù shì zhàn zhēng nián dài， lián dāng nián céng cān yǔ dǐ kàng ná pò lún jūn duì rù qīn shí lì liǎo zhàn gōng de lǎo zhàn shì dū luò cǎo wéi kòu liǎo， nián qīng rén zài jūn duì zhōng bù guò xiàng qí tā hángdāng yī yàng 'àn zhào guó jiā de jì yòu guī fàn， zài suì yuè de liú shì zhōng chéng wéi yī gè jìn guǎn yòu dì wèi què bìng fēi bù kě tì dài de píng fán rén wù。《 é máo bǐ》 zhōng de qīng nián jiào shì 'àn zhào chuán tǒng de dào lù zǒu xià qù hěn kě néng chéng wéi yī gè zhù jiào， ér háo sài tóng yàng hěn kě néng chéng wéi yī gè jiāng jūn， dàn yīn wéi nǚ rén de chū xiàn hé zuò yòng， tā men de rén shēng dào lù dū fā shēng liǎo gǎi biàn。 tóng shí， yóu yú méi yòu nǚ rén de shì jiè shì bù wán zhěng de shì jiè， kě yǐ shuō， tā men de shēng mìng yīn yǔ nǚ rén de qíng 'ài biàn dé gèng wéi fēng fù、 wán zhěng liǎo， xiāng fǎn， xún guī dǎo jǔ、 bù gǎn yú yuè lǐ sú guī fàn yī bù de rén shēng qià qià shì dān diào、 cán quē de。 kě shì， wǒ men de háo sài zài yù dào kǎ mén zhī qián gēn nà gè jiào shì yī yàng duì nǚ rén méi yòu jīng yàn， tā yào xiàng chōng mǎn shēng mìng rè qíng hé wú jī yě xìng díkǎ mén xué xí shénme shì zhěng quán de rén shēng。 lìng wài， zhí dé yī shuō de shì， háo sài shì gè qián chéng de jiào tú， dàn zōng jiào tóng yàng méi yòu ràng tā gǎn dào zài shì shēng mìng de wán zhěng。
《 kǎ mén》 - zuò pǐn bèi jǐng
gù shì fā shēng zài 1830 nián dài de xī bān yá。 zhè gè shí jiān hé dì diǎn dōubù shì suí yì de héng héng bǐ shí， 18 shì jì de qǐ méng zhé xué jiā yǐ jīng wéi xiàn dài rén jiàn zào hǎo sī xiǎng de “ tiān chéng ”， ná pò lún yě jiē zhe fēng juàn yún yǒng de fǎ guó dà gé mìng yòng dāo jiàn xié zhe“ zì yóu、 píng děng、 bó 'ài” de guān niàn héng sǎo 'ōu zhōu； bǐ dì， guān yú dǒu niú shì zhè zhǒng zhēn zhèng yīng xióng shì nán rén de chuán shuō mián yán bù jué， ér gǔ lǎo de zhì xù zài dà gé mìng hé ná pò lún dài biǎo de lì shǐ cháo liú hé qū shì de chōng jī xià suī rán zǒu xiàng shuāi tuí， dàn qí chuán tǒng de lì liàng réng zài fèn lì wéi chí zhe chuán tǒng de zhèng yì héng héng zhèng yì zhè zhǒng dōng xī měi gè zhèng cháng shè huì dōubù kě huò quē， dàn tóng shí cóng lái jiù zhēng yì bù qīng， zài zhè gè tóu xù hùn luàn、 yī qiēdōu yòu dài chóngxīn què lì de shí dài gèng shì rú cǐ。
hā mǔ léi tè shēng huó zài yī gè qián kūn diān dǎo、 lǐ bēng lè huài de shí dài， tā bèi sǐ qù de fù qīn de wáng líng fù yú zhòng zhěng zhì xù de shǐ mìng， dàn tā de bēi jù xìng xìng gé shǐ tā nán yǐ shèng rèn， jiēguǒ zhǐ yòu yǔ yī gè luàn shì yī qǐ bèi mái zàng。 rú guǒ kǎi sǎ fù shēng， yòu huì rú hé？ tā huì xiàng bèi chén sī zhé mó dé wú cóng jué duàn zhòng dà zhèng zhì shì wù de hā mǔ léi tè yī yàng， zài xiàn dài shè huì zhōng yě zhǐ néng zuò yī gè kōng yòu yī qiāng rè xuè zuì zhōng què zhǐ yòu wú kě nài hé de mòluò yīng xióng má？ bù jǐn rú cǐ， kǎ mén zhè yàng yī gè nǚ rén zhǎn shì liǎo yīng xióng qì， suī rán tā cóng lái méi yòu dān fù guò zhěng dùn zhì xù de shǐ mìng， xiāng fǎn， tā zhèng shì yǐ jiù zhì xù de wǎ jiě zhě hé cuī huǐ zhě xíng xiàng chū xiàn de。
《 kǎ mén》 - zuò pǐn píng jià
kǎ mén běn lái jiù tiān zī zhuó yuè、 yě xìng nán xùn， shè huì de wǔ rǔ hé sǔn hài zhǐ néng jiā shēn tā duì shè huì běn jiù gēn shēn dì gù de fǎn gǎn hé yuàn hèn。 bù cuò， yuè shì bēi wēi de shēng líng， xīn zhōng jiù kě néng mái cáng yuè shēn de yuàn hèn， yóu qí dāng sì hū xiǎn dé wú gū dì bèi shè huì jiàn tà zài jiǎo xià shí， yī dàn bù néng hěn hǎo duì dài zì wǒ cún zài de mìng yùn， líng hún zhōng jiù huì cháng mǎn hěn dú de yě cǎo。
kǎ mén xiàng suǒ yòu nán rén píng děng fēn pèi zì jǐ de yù wàng héng héng zhè zhǒng yù wàng hěn nán shuō shì qíng yù， shèn zhì shuō shì chún cuì de xìng yù dū xiǎn dé qiānqiǎng， suī rán yòu lǐ yóu rèn wéi zhè gè jí pǔ sài nǚ láng ròu yù qiáng liè， dàn bù rú shuō zhè zhǒng yù wàng jiù shì duì jīn qián de yù wàng。 zī běn jiā zhuī qiú de wú fēi jiù shì zuàn qián， gēn běn wú guān hū zì yóu、 píng děng hé bó 'ài děng piāomiǎo de jià zhí， kǎ mén xiǎng yào de yě bù guò shì tōng guò píng děng dì jiē shòu nán rén de yù wàng 'ér dé dào“ tiān shēng de píng děng pài” jīn qián， zhè shì tā cóng xiǎo dào dà wèile shēng cún xià lái yǎng chéng de yī zhǒng zuì wéi běn néng de xí guàn。 zài zhè lǐ， nǐ huì kàn dào， kǎ mén bìng fēi xiàng tā zì jǐ xiǎng xiàng zhōng nà me“ zì yóu” héng héng tā shēng 'ér yòu ròu shēn， wèile mǎn zú ròu shēn de jī běn xū yào（ bǐ rú chī fàn）， tā xiàng shè huì yòu suǒ qǐ qiú， ér tóng yàng zhèng shì tā de ròu shēn tōng guò mǎn zú nán rén de xū yào（ duì kǎ mén de xìng yù， huò zhě chōu xiàng de xìng yù） lái mǎn zú liǎo zì jǐ de jī běn xū yào。 zhè zhǒng jiāo yì bù guò jiù shì“ mài yín”。
dàn jǐn jǐn zhè yàng píng jià kǎ mén jiù tài liú yú fú biǎo liǎo。 kǎ mén de dú tè zhī chù zài yú， tā bù gān yú bèi dòng jiē shòu zhè zhǒng bèi wǔ rǔ hé bèi sǔn hài de mìng yùn， rú guǒ tā zài yòu nián wú fǎ fǎn kàng tā， nà me zhǐ huì shǐ tā zài chéng nián hòu gèng qiáng liè dì fǎn kàng tā。 tā sì hū shì bèi nán rén wán nòng de， dàn tā huì rèn wéi shì tā zài wán nòng nán rén。 tā hěn shàn cháng yú tiǎo dòu hé yòu huò， nà shí tā biǎo xiàn dé zhēn gòu xià jiàn què yě shí zài ràng nán rén wú fǎ kàng jù， dāng nán rén xiàng tā huò zhě shuō xiàng bèi tā tiǎo bō chū de qíng yù qū fú shí， tā shì yī gè zhàn shèng zhě， nán rén sì hū kě yǐ wán nòng tā liǎo， ér tā xīn lǐ zé huì 'àn 'àn cháo xiào： jiū jìng shì shuí gèng wéi bēi jiàn xià liú？ tā shèn zhì gān cuì bǎ miè shì bǎi zài liǎn shàng héng héng dāng bèi dài bǔ shěn xùn shí， tā màn bù jīng xīn dì hēng qǐ xiǎo diào， dāng tā xiàng yǐn yòu rèn hé yī gè nán rén yī yàng yǐn yòu háo sài shí， tā yòu hēng qǐ yī duàn gèng wéi jié zòu gèng wéi rè liè、 yě xìng de xiǎo diào。 tā sì hū zǎo yǐ bǎ zì jǐ de mìng yùn zhì zhī dù wài， ér ròu shēn zài tā kàn lái bù guò shì yī gè yǐ jīng duò luò dào dǐ、 wú yǐ wǎn jiù de chòu pí náng， zhǐ děng zuì hòu huǐ miè shí jī de dào lái liǎo。
zhè lǐ chù jí de wèn tí hěn duō。 kǎ mén qīng xǐng dì yì shí dào zì jǐ shì zǒu zài duò luò de bù guī lù má？ tā wèishénme zài fǎn kàng bèi wǔ rǔ hé bèi sǔn hài de mìng yùn tóng shí， yòu gān yuàn chén lún dào dǐ 'ér fēi jìn yī bù dì zǒu xiàng huǐ zuì hé xīn shēng de dào lù？ bù zhī yòu duō shǎo guān zhòng zài“ āi qí bù xìng” de tóng shí“ nù qí bù zhēng”， dàn zhè réng bù néng zǔ zhǐ wǒ men duì kǎ mén zhè gè rén wù xíng xiàng de xǐ 'ài héng héng rú guǒ bù shì xǐ 'ài， zhì shǎo yě tán bù shàng shì yàn 'è。 wèishénme huì zhè yàng ní？ zài nòng qīng zhè dì 'èr gè lìng rén shēn sī de dì fāng zhī qián， hái shì ràng wǒ men xiān kàn kàn“ kǎ mén duì háo sài de jiào yù”。
shí jì shàng， tǔ fěi hé zǒu sī fàn dídí shēng cún yǐ jīng zài guó jiā zhèng yì zhī wài， tā men bù chéng rèn jì yòu de lǜ fǎ hé lún lǐ zhì xù， yóu zǒu qí wài， hé sī jǐ xìng qíng 'ài lún lǐ yī yàng zuò wéi yī zhǒng wǎ jiě xìng lì liàng chū xiàn。 rú guǒ dāng shí zhàn tǒng zhì dì wèi de guó jiā zhèng yì chū xiàn wēi jī， zhè zhǒng jiāng hú zhèng yì jiù hěn kě néng yǐ xīng xīng zhī huǒ chéng liáo yuán zhī shì， bìng zuì zhōng qǔ 'ér dài zhī， dàn qí qián tí shì tā bì xū yòu yíng dé rén xīn de lì liàng hé yōu shì。 dàn kǎ mén de zhàng fū shì nà zhǒng wú dào de fěi zéi， jiā shàng guó jiā zhèng yì de qiáng dà， qí miè wáng shì chí zǎo zhī shì。 dàn yóu yú háo sài de chū xiàn， tā bèi pò xiàn rù kǎ mén yǔ háo sài jiāo zhì de qíng 'ài lún lǐ de wǎng luò zhī zhōng。
yán gé jiǎng， kǎ mén yǔ tā de zhàng fū zhī jiān méi yòu shénme qíng 'ài kě yán。 kě yǐ bǎ zhè zhǒng guān xì shì wéi kǎ mén yǔ nà xiē jǐn jǐn jì yú tā měi miào ròu shēn de nán rén zhī jiān guān xì de nóng suō hé dài biǎo， tā mendōu shì zuò wéi méi yòu líng hún de shēng wù chū xiàn， yīn cǐ yě shuō bù shàng gòu chéng shǔ rén de lún lǐ guān xì。 zhè zhǒng guān xì běn zhì shàng jiù shì qiáng zhě duì ruò zhě de qī líng hé bà dào， rú guǒ guó jiā zhèng yì yǔn xǔ tā de chū xiàn bìng duì qí wú suǒ zuò wéi、 wú néng wéi lì， shuō míng guó jiā zhèng yì yǐ jīng chū xiàn wēi jī， shì bì jiāng bù zài néng fú tiē rén xīn liǎo。 ér kǎ mén yǔ háo sài zhī jiān qíng 'ài lún lǐ guān xì de xíng chéng qǐ chū lí bù kāi ròu shēn xìng de cù fā， dàn tā yī dàn wěn gù、 rèn huà， yòu shì bì jiāng zài guó jiā lún lǐ de huò qiáng gù huò bó ruò de lún lǐ zhī wǎng xià dǎ kāi yī piàn shū lí de kōng jiān， rú guǒ guó jiā lún lǐ běn shēn yǐ jīng xiàn rù hūn 'àn bù míng de jìng dì， zhè piàn kōng jiān yě jiù kě néng ràng rén gǎn dào guāng liàng de cún zài。 dàn kǎ mén yǔ háo sài shì fǒu zhì zào liǎo guāng liàng de cún zài réng shì yī gè yí wèn， zhè bù jǐn yīn wéi tā men zhì shēn de guó jiā lún lǐ bù gòu hūn mèi， gèng yīn wéi zhè zhǒng qíng 'ài lún lǐ guān xì jí qí fù zá。
háo sài duì kǎ mén de zhàng fū de jí hèn shì wú yōng zhì yí de， dàn zhè zhǒng qiáng liè de gǎn qíng bù jǐn shì nán rén zhī jiān de zhēng fēng chī cù， gèng shì háo sài kàn dào zì jǐ xīn 'ài zhī rén bèi dāng zuò wù pǐn zāo tà hòu méng shēng de duì bù yì de fèn nù。 yào shì kǎ mén bù shì háo sài suǒ 'ài zhī rén， huò xǔ zhè zhǒng fèn hèn zhī qíng bù huì nà me qiáng liè， dàn háo sài piān piān gǎn dào kǎ mén yīnggāi zhǐ shǔ yú tā yī rén， bǐ cǐ lián jiē de shēng mìng qíng xiàn jiā shàng wú fǎ bì miǎn de zhàn yòu yù shǐ kǎ mén bù néng xīn píng qì hé dì rěn nài xià qù。 yóu qí dāng tā běn rén jiù zài bàng biān xiàng nà gè nián lǎo de huǒ bàn kàn zhe zì jǐ gēn kǎ mén zuò 'ài yī yàng kàn zhe kǎ mén gēn tā zhàng fū zuò 'ài shí， shuō nà zhǒng gǎn jué jiù xiàng wàn jiàn chuān xīn、 tòng bù yù shēng yě bùwèi guò。 yú shì， háo sài yào me qù sǐ， yào me bù xǔ rèn hé rén zhàn yòu kǎ mén， zhè zhǒng yì xiàng zài tā shā sǐ zhōng wèi shí yǐ jīng chū bù xiǎn xiàn， zài tā shā sǐ kǎ mén zhàng fū shí jiù gèng wéi míng xiǎn liǎo。
kǎ mén zài shuāng fāng jué dǒu shí jǐn zhāng háo sài de shēng sǐ cún wáng， huò xǔ zhè jiù shì“ ài” liǎo， zhèng shì zhè zhǒng jǐn zhāng ràng kǎ mén méng zhù zì jǐ zhàng fū de tóu yǐ zhù háo sài shā sǐ tā。 móu shā qīn fū？ kǎ mén yǔ“ zhàng fū” de fū qī guān xì hěn kě néng gēn běn méi yòu dé dào guó jiā fǎ lǜ guī fàn de rèn kě， zhī suǒ yǐ shuō shì tā“ zhàng fū” bù guò shì míng yì shàng de， zhè gè chēng wèi bù guò yào biǎo míng，“ zhè shì wǒ de， shuí yě bù xǔ pèng， chú fēi dé dào lǎo zǐ de xǔ kě”。 lú suō zài《 lùn rén lèi bù píng děng de qǐ yuán》 de dì 'èr bù fēn kāi piān shuō：“ shuí dì yī gè bǎ yī kuài tǔ dì juàn qǐ lái bìng xiǎng dào shuō： zhè shì wǒ de， ér qiě zhǎo dào yī xiē tóu nǎo shí fēn jiǎn dān de rén jū rán xiāng xìn liǎo tā de huà， shuí jiù shì wén míng shè huì de zhēn zhèng diàn jī zhě。” rú guǒ shuō guó jiā zhèng yì de diàn jī zhě shì“ dà dào”， jiāng hú zhèng yì de diàn jī zhě jiù shì“ xiǎo dào”， ér qíng 'ài lún lǐ zài lǐ xiǎng shàng shì bǎi tuō zhè liǎng zhǒng bù yì de“ zhèng yì” de shù fù、 huò qǔ zì yóu de yī zhǒng fāng shì。 yě jiù shì shuō， gè tǐ yǔ zhěng tǐ zhī jiān chū xiàn bù kě tiáohé de máo dùn， hé xié de jìng jiè zhǐ shì yī zhǒng lǐ xiǎng zhuàng tài。
Sources
According to a letter Mérimée wrote to the Countess of Montijo, "Carmen" was inspired by a story she told him on his visit to Spain in 1830. He said, "It was about that ruffian from Málaga who had killed his mistress, who consecrated herself exclusively to the public. […] As I have been studying the Gypsies for some time, I have made my heroine a Gypsy."
An important source for the material on the Roma (Gypsies) was George Borrow's book The Zincali (1841). Another source may have been the narrative poem "The Gypsies" by Alexander Pushkin (Brown 1986).
Plot summary
The novella comprises four parts. Only the first three appeared in the original publication in the Revue des Deux Mondes (Review of the Two Worlds); the fourth first appeared in the book publication in 1846. Mérimée tells the story as if it had really happened to him on his trip to Spain in 1830.
Part I. While searching for the site of the Battle of Munda in a lonely spot in Andalusia, Mérimée meets a man who his guide hints is a dangerous robber. Instead of fleeing, Mérimée befriends the man by sharing cigars and food. They stay in the same primitive inn that night. The guide tells Mérimée that the man is the robber known as Don José Navarro and leaves to inform on him, but Mérimée warns Don José, who escapes.
Part II. Later, in Córdoba, Mérimée meets Carmen, a beautiful Roma woman who is fascinated by his repeating watch. He goes to her home so she can tell his fortune, and she impresses him with her occult knowledge. They are interrupted by Don José, and although Carmen makes throat-cutting gestures, José escorts Mérimée out. Mérimée finds his watch is missing.
Some months later, again in Córdoba, a friend of Mérimée's tells him that Don José Navarro is to be garrotted the next day. Mérimée visits the prisoner and hears the story of his life.
Part III. Our robber's real name is José Lizarrabengoa, and he is a Basque hidalgo from Navarre. He killed a man in a fight resulting from a game of paume (presumably some form of Basque pelota) and had to flee. In Seville he joined a unit of dragoons, soldiers with police functions.
Statue of Carmen on the Paseo Alcalde Marqués de Contadero, Seville
One day he met Carmen, then working in the cigar factory he was guarding. As he alone in his unit ignored her, she teased him. A few hours later, he arrested her for cutting x's in a co-worker's face in a quarrel. She convinced him by speaking Basque that she was half Basque, and he let her go, for which he was imprisoned for a month and demoted.
After his release, he encountered her again and she repaid him with a day of bliss, followed by another when he allowed her fellow smugglers to pass his post. He looked for her at the house of one of her Roma friends, but she entered with his lieutenant. In the ensuing fight, José killed the lieutenant and had to join Carmen's outlaw band.
With the outlaws, he progressed from smuggling to robbery, and was sometimes with Carmen but suffered from jealousy as she used her attractions to further the band's enterprises; he also learned that she was married. After her husband joined the band, José provoked a knife fight with him and killed him. Carmen became José's wife.
However, she told him she loved him less than before, and she became attracted to a successful young picador named Lucas. José, mad with jealousy, begged her to forsake other men and live with him; they could start an honest life in America. She said that she knew from omens that he was fated to kill her, but "Carmen will always be free," and as she now hated herself for having loved him, she would never give in to him. He stabbed her to death and then turned himself in. Don José ends his tale by saying that the Roma are to blame for the way they raised Carmen.
Part IV. If readers expect a continuation of the story, perhaps with a description of José's execution, they will be surprised. This part consists of scholarly remarks on the Roma: their appearance, their customs, their conjectured history, and their language. According to Henri Martineau, editor of a collection of Mérimée's fiction, the etymologies at the end are "extremely suspect".
Differences from the opera
As the above summary and that of Bizet's opera indicate, the opera is based on Part III of the story only and eliminates many elements, such as Carmen's husband. It greatly increases the role of other characters, such as the Dancaïre, who is only a minor character in the story; the Remendado, who one page after he is introduced is wounded by soldiers and then shot by Carmen's husband to keep him from slowing the gang down; and Lucas (renamed Escamillo and promoted to matador), who is seen only in the bull ring in the story. The opera's female singing roles other than Carmen—Micaëla, Frasquita, and Mercédès—have no counterparts in the novella. Carmen knows her fate not from reading cards but from interpreting such omens as a hare running between José's horse's legs. Other differences are too numerous to list.
ér huò sài yīn wéi shī zhí， bèi jí hèn tā de tóng liáo jǔ bào hòu guān yā zài dì láo， kǎ mén shè fǎ yíng jiù tā， dàn tā chū yú yuán zé hé zūn yán， jù jué liǎo kǎ mén de bāng zhù， bèi biǎn wéi jiāng jūn de kàn mén guān， cǐ jiān kǎ mén yòu zài qiáng dào zhàng fū de 'ān pái xià， gòu yǐn liǎo jiāng jūn fǔ dǐ shàng zuò kè de yīng guó jūn guān， xī wàng jiè cǐ qiāo zhà lè suǒ， qiǎng shàng yī bǐ。
huò sài dù jì zhī xià， shā sǐ liǎo yīng guó jūn guān， pò huài liǎo tā men de jìhuà， cóng 'ér zǒu shàng liǎo fàn zuì de dào lù。
qiáng dào tóu zǐ wèile bào fù， dài rén mǎ dǔ jié yào shā tā。 měi lì táo qì díkǎ mén zài cì xiàng zǒu tóu wú lù de huò sài shēn chū shuāng shǒu， quàn tā rù huǒ tā men de duì wǔ， 4 rén yī qǐ guò zhe qiǎng jié de shēng huó。
dàn huò sài zài cì chū yú dù jì， shā sǐ liǎo kǎ mén de zhàng fū， dāng shàng liǎo qiáng dào tóu zǐ， bìng qǔ kǎ mén wéi qī。 zhī hòu， tā yán lì jìn zhǐ kǎ mén hé mò shēng rén shuō huà， bìng dǎ suàn dài kǎ mén yuǎn lí jiāng hú， guò yǐn jū de shēng huó。 shēng xìng zì yóu díkǎ mén gǎn dào hěn jū shù， tā bǐ jiào xǐ huān yǐ qián nà zhǒng suí xīn suǒ yù de shēng huó， jiù zài lǚ guǎn lǐ hé yī gè dǒu niú shì sī bēn liǎo。 huò sài yī lù zhuī shā tā men， tā zài bàn lù shàng yù jiàn liǎo qì jí bài huài de dǒu niú shì， tā shuō kǎ mén qián xiē tiān yī gè chuán cháng sī bēn liǎo。 huò sài jiāng tā shā sǐ hòu， jì xù zhuī shā kǎ mén。 dāng tā zhǎo dào kǎ mén shí， kǎ mén zhèng zhǔn bèi děng tā de xīn qíng láng héng héng sī bēn， huò sài zài bàn lù shàng jiě jué diào nà gè chuán cháng de xìng mìng， rán hòu wēi xié kǎ mén， tā shuō zì jǐ yuàn yì yuán liàng tā guò qù de zuì guò， zhǐ yào tā gēn tā zǒu。 kǎ mén gāo 'ào dì jù jué liǎo， tā shuō nìngkě xuǎn zé zì yóu， yě bù yào guò nà zhǒng yā yì de shēng huó， yú shì huò sài yòng bǐ shǒu shā sǐ liǎo kǎ mén， tòng kū zhe lí kāi zhè gè shāng xīn de dì fāng。
《 kǎ mén》 - zuò zhě jiǎn jiè
pǔ luó sī pèi méi lǐ měi（ １ ８ ０ ３ ～１８ ７０）， fǎ guó jù zuò jiā hé duǎn piān xiǎo shuō dà shī； tóng shí yě shì lì shǐ xué jiā hé kǎo gǔ xué jiā。 chū shēn yú bā lí yī gè huà jiā jiā tíng。 yuán gōng dú fǎ lǜ， dàn duì xī là yǔ、 xī bān yá yǔ、 yīng yǔ、 é yǔ jí zhè xiē yǔ zhǒng de wén xué yòu gèng nóng hòu de xīng qù。１ ９ suì kāi shǐ chuàng zuò， zuò pǐn yòu shōu jí chū bǎn de jù běn jí《 kè lā lā jiā sū 'ěr xì jù jí》（ bāo kuò wǔ gè jù běn） hé lì shǐ jù《 yǎ kè tuán》， yòu cháng piān xiǎo shuō《 chá lǐ jiǔ shì de yì shì》 hé zhōng、 duǎn piān xiǎo shuō《 mǎ tè 'ào fǎ 'ěr gē nèi》、《 gōng zhàn lēng bǎo》、《 tǎ màn guǒ》、《 gāo lóng bā》、《 jiā 'ěr màn》、《 yī 'ěr de měi shén》 děng。 cǐ wài， hái yòu yóu jì《 háng hǎi zhá jì》 hé lì shǐ xué、 kǎo gǔ xué fāng miàn de lùn zhù fā biǎo。
《 kǎ mén》 - rén wù píng jià
kǎ mén kàn qǐ lái nà me chún jié， jiǎn zhí xiàng jiē shàng de xiǎo shèng mǔ， yòu yī dù shèn zhì shì xíng mǎn shì fàng fàn men de bǎo bèi。 tā men qǐng tā hē jiǔ， bǎo hù zhe tā， shuí xiǎng duì tā bù guǐ， tā men jiù dǎ duàn tā de gēbo； rú guǒ méi yòu tā， tā men de xīn lǐ huì tā xiàn， shī qù zuì hòu yī diǎn duì rén shēng de xìn niàn。 kǎ mén zhù dòng dǎ pò zhè yī qiē。 kě néng shì tā de xuè yè qǐ zuò yòng。
yīn wéi tā fā xiàn， rú guǒ gēn tā men xìng jiāo， néng gòu gěi nà xiē nán rén bāo kuò nán hái hěn dà dì kuài wèi， chú cǐ yǐ wài， tā hái néng mì mì dǐ dá tā men de nèi xīn lǐng yù， cǎi jí dào tā men qīng yì bù duì wài kāi fàng de wēn róu。
tā jīng cháng zì dài bì yùn tào hé huàn xǐ nèi kù dào nà xiē yǐ hūn zhě de jiā lǐ， chéng tā men de qī zǐ men bù zài， tóng tā men mì mì yuē huì。 bù nán xiǎng xiàng， dāng tā bù tí rèn hé yào qiú lí kāi shí， nà xiē jiā huǒ shì duō me dì gǎn jī tì líng。 kǎ mén xiǎng shòu tā men de gǎn jī。
màn màn dì， zhè chéng liǎo kǎ mén yǔ wài jiè gōu tōng de fāng shì， fǒu zé， tā dǎo hěn yuàn yì bǎ zì jǐ fēng bì qǐ lái， chén jìn yú shī zhǎn nà duàn rì zǐ de huí yì。
《 kǎ mén》《 kǎ mén》
xiǎo shuō lǐ kǎ mén de xíng wéi shì fàng dàng bù jī de， shì nán yǐ xiǎng xiàng de。 zài kǎ mén de shì jiè lǐ， tā de yī qiē jià zhí zhǔn zé hé rén shēng yuán zé hé pǔ tōng rén de guān niàn yòu zhe nà me shēn kè、 xiān míng de chōng tū。 wèile zhè gè chōng tū，《 kǎ mén》 yǐ jí kǎ mén de nèi xīn shēn shēn dì xī yǐn zhe wǒ men。
kǎ mén shì shàn liáng de， kǎ mén yě shì kě bēi de。 tā yòng xìng jiāo lái huò dé 'ài de gǎn jué， lái huò dé nán rén xīn dǐ de qīng yì bù kāi fàng de wēn róu， lái huò dé tā men de gǎn jī， lái huò dé zì jǐ de jià zhí yǔ zūn yán。 dàn tā bù néng 'ài， tā kě yǐ tōng guò xìng jiāo lái gǎn shòu 'ài。 yīn wéi tā de 'ài yòu bié yǔ pǔ tōng rén de 'ài， tā de 'ài lái dé gèng jiā zhēn chéng， gèng jiā chè dǐ， gèng jiā wàng wǒ， gèng jiā zhì rè， yīn wéi， tā de 'ài jiù shì tā de shēng mìng。 yī dàn 'ài， ài duì yú tā 'ér yán jiù shì huǐ miè， jiù shì sǐ wáng ……
zuì hòu， lǐ féng zhè yàng jié shù liǎo zhè gè gù shì： tā luò zài yuè tái shàng， jiàn qǐ liǎo yī xiē huī chén， jǐ zhāng qián yě huá luò liǎo chū lái， kǎ mén xiàng tiáo shuāi ruò de gǒu yī yàng pū liǎo shàng qù， huāng luàn dì bǎ qián sài huí liǎo xìn fēng lǐ， rán hòu tā bǎ xìn fēng chuài hǎo， pāi pāi shēn shàng de tǔ， zhuǎn shēn lí qù， cóng shǐ zhì zhōng， dōuméi yòu kàn wǒ yī yǎn。
wǒ guān shàng chuāng hù， dāi dāi dì zuò zài xiǎo kǎ zuò shàng， bí zǐ liǎng cè yī zhèn bīng liáng， kě zhè cì liú chū lái de bù shàng bí xuè， ér shì yǎn lèi。 wǒ zài xiǎng， wǒ gēn kǎ mén de guān xì jiù zhè me jié shù liǎo！ guò liǎo yī huì 'ér， yǎn lèi tíng liǎo， wǒ kāi shǐ xià yì shí dì dà liàng chē xiāng lǐ zǒu dòng de nián qīng nǚ rén。 wǒ de jīng lì shì rú cǐ dì chōng pèi， shì kǎ mén fù yú liǎo wǒ zhè yī qiē。 dàn shì zài nà zhī hòu， wǒ què shí jiù zài méi yòu kàn jiàn guò kǎ mén。
háo sài zài yù dào kǎ mén zhī qián shì gè shénme yàng zǐ de nán rén ní？ tā 'ānfèn shǒu jǐ， zhōng yú zhí shǒu， shì gè gòu gé 'ér qiě qián tú wú liàng de jūn rén， dàn yóu yú yǐ jīng bù shì zhàn zhēng nián dài， lián dāng nián céng cān yǔ dǐ kàng ná pò lún jūn duì rù qīn shí lì liǎo zhàn gōng de lǎo zhàn shì dū luò cǎo wéi kòu liǎo， nián qīng rén zài jūn duì zhōng bù guò xiàng qí tā hángdāng yī yàng 'àn zhào guó jiā de jì yòu guī fàn， zài suì yuè de liú shì zhōng chéng wéi yī gè jìn guǎn yòu dì wèi què bìng fēi bù kě tì dài de píng fán rén wù。《 é máo bǐ》 zhōng de qīng nián jiào shì 'àn zhào chuán tǒng de dào lù zǒu xià qù hěn kě néng chéng wéi yī gè zhù jiào， ér háo sài tóng yàng hěn kě néng chéng wéi yī gè jiāng jūn， dàn yīn wéi nǚ rén de chū xiàn hé zuò yòng， tā men de rén shēng dào lù dū fā shēng liǎo gǎi biàn。 tóng shí， yóu yú méi yòu nǚ rén de shì jiè shì bù wán zhěng de shì jiè， kě yǐ shuō， tā men de shēng mìng yīn yǔ nǚ rén de qíng 'ài biàn dé gèng wéi fēng fù、 wán zhěng liǎo， xiāng fǎn， xún guī dǎo jǔ、 bù gǎn yú yuè lǐ sú guī fàn yī bù de rén shēng qià qià shì dān diào、 cán quē de。 kě shì， wǒ men de háo sài zài yù dào kǎ mén zhī qián gēn nà gè jiào shì yī yàng duì nǚ rén méi yòu jīng yàn， tā yào xiàng chōng mǎn shēng mìng rè qíng hé wú jī yě xìng díkǎ mén xué xí shénme shì zhěng quán de rén shēng。 lìng wài， zhí dé yī shuō de shì， háo sài shì gè qián chéng de jiào tú， dàn zōng jiào tóng yàng méi yòu ràng tā gǎn dào zài shì shēng mìng de wán zhěng。
《 kǎ mén》 - zuò pǐn bèi jǐng
gù shì fā shēng zài 1830 nián dài de xī bān yá。 zhè gè shí jiān hé dì diǎn dōubù shì suí yì de héng héng bǐ shí， 18 shì jì de qǐ méng zhé xué jiā yǐ jīng wéi xiàn dài rén jiàn zào hǎo sī xiǎng de “ tiān chéng ”， ná pò lún yě jiē zhe fēng juàn yún yǒng de fǎ guó dà gé mìng yòng dāo jiàn xié zhe“ zì yóu、 píng děng、 bó 'ài” de guān niàn héng sǎo 'ōu zhōu； bǐ dì， guān yú dǒu niú shì zhè zhǒng zhēn zhèng yīng xióng shì nán rén de chuán shuō mián yán bù jué， ér gǔ lǎo de zhì xù zài dà gé mìng hé ná pò lún dài biǎo de lì shǐ cháo liú hé qū shì de chōng jī xià suī rán zǒu xiàng shuāi tuí， dàn qí chuán tǒng de lì liàng réng zài fèn lì wéi chí zhe chuán tǒng de zhèng yì héng héng zhèng yì zhè zhǒng dōng xī měi gè zhèng cháng shè huì dōubù kě huò quē， dàn tóng shí cóng lái jiù zhēng yì bù qīng， zài zhè gè tóu xù hùn luàn、 yī qiēdōu yòu dài chóngxīn què lì de shí dài gèng shì rú cǐ。
hā mǔ léi tè shēng huó zài yī gè qián kūn diān dǎo、 lǐ bēng lè huài de shí dài， tā bèi sǐ qù de fù qīn de wáng líng fù yú zhòng zhěng zhì xù de shǐ mìng， dàn tā de bēi jù xìng xìng gé shǐ tā nán yǐ shèng rèn， jiēguǒ zhǐ yòu yǔ yī gè luàn shì yī qǐ bèi mái zàng。 rú guǒ kǎi sǎ fù shēng， yòu huì rú hé？ tā huì xiàng bèi chén sī zhé mó dé wú cóng jué duàn zhòng dà zhèng zhì shì wù de hā mǔ léi tè yī yàng， zài xiàn dài shè huì zhōng yě zhǐ néng zuò yī gè kōng yòu yī qiāng rè xuè zuì zhōng què zhǐ yòu wú kě nài hé de mòluò yīng xióng má？ bù jǐn rú cǐ， kǎ mén zhè yàng yī gè nǚ rén zhǎn shì liǎo yīng xióng qì， suī rán tā cóng lái méi yòu dān fù guò zhěng dùn zhì xù de shǐ mìng， xiāng fǎn， tā zhèng shì yǐ jiù zhì xù de wǎ jiě zhě hé cuī huǐ zhě xíng xiàng chū xiàn de。
《 kǎ mén》 - zuò pǐn píng jià
kǎ mén běn lái jiù tiān zī zhuó yuè、 yě xìng nán xùn， shè huì de wǔ rǔ hé sǔn hài zhǐ néng jiā shēn tā duì shè huì běn jiù gēn shēn dì gù de fǎn gǎn hé yuàn hèn。 bù cuò， yuè shì bēi wēi de shēng líng， xīn zhōng jiù kě néng mái cáng yuè shēn de yuàn hèn， yóu qí dāng sì hū xiǎn dé wú gū dì bèi shè huì jiàn tà zài jiǎo xià shí， yī dàn bù néng hěn hǎo duì dài zì wǒ cún zài de mìng yùn， líng hún zhōng jiù huì cháng mǎn hěn dú de yě cǎo。
kǎ mén xiàng suǒ yòu nán rén píng děng fēn pèi zì jǐ de yù wàng héng héng zhè zhǒng yù wàng hěn nán shuō shì qíng yù， shèn zhì shuō shì chún cuì de xìng yù dū xiǎn dé qiānqiǎng， suī rán yòu lǐ yóu rèn wéi zhè gè jí pǔ sài nǚ láng ròu yù qiáng liè， dàn bù rú shuō zhè zhǒng yù wàng jiù shì duì jīn qián de yù wàng。 zī běn jiā zhuī qiú de wú fēi jiù shì zuàn qián， gēn běn wú guān hū zì yóu、 píng děng hé bó 'ài děng piāomiǎo de jià zhí， kǎ mén xiǎng yào de yě bù guò shì tōng guò píng děng dì jiē shòu nán rén de yù wàng 'ér dé dào“ tiān shēng de píng děng pài” jīn qián， zhè shì tā cóng xiǎo dào dà wèile shēng cún xià lái yǎng chéng de yī zhǒng zuì wéi běn néng de xí guàn。 zài zhè lǐ， nǐ huì kàn dào， kǎ mén bìng fēi xiàng tā zì jǐ xiǎng xiàng zhōng nà me“ zì yóu” héng héng tā shēng 'ér yòu ròu shēn， wèile mǎn zú ròu shēn de jī běn xū yào（ bǐ rú chī fàn）， tā xiàng shè huì yòu suǒ qǐ qiú， ér tóng yàng zhèng shì tā de ròu shēn tōng guò mǎn zú nán rén de xū yào（ duì kǎ mén de xìng yù， huò zhě chōu xiàng de xìng yù） lái mǎn zú liǎo zì jǐ de jī běn xū yào。 zhè zhǒng jiāo yì bù guò jiù shì“ mài yín”。
dàn jǐn jǐn zhè yàng píng jià kǎ mén jiù tài liú yú fú biǎo liǎo。 kǎ mén de dú tè zhī chù zài yú， tā bù gān yú bèi dòng jiē shòu zhè zhǒng bèi wǔ rǔ hé bèi sǔn hài de mìng yùn， rú guǒ tā zài yòu nián wú fǎ fǎn kàng tā， nà me zhǐ huì shǐ tā zài chéng nián hòu gèng qiáng liè dì fǎn kàng tā。 tā sì hū shì bèi nán rén wán nòng de， dàn tā huì rèn wéi shì tā zài wán nòng nán rén。 tā hěn shàn cháng yú tiǎo dòu hé yòu huò， nà shí tā biǎo xiàn dé zhēn gòu xià jiàn què yě shí zài ràng nán rén wú fǎ kàng jù， dāng nán rén xiàng tā huò zhě shuō xiàng bèi tā tiǎo bō chū de qíng yù qū fú shí， tā shì yī gè zhàn shèng zhě， nán rén sì hū kě yǐ wán nòng tā liǎo， ér tā xīn lǐ zé huì 'àn 'àn cháo xiào： jiū jìng shì shuí gèng wéi bēi jiàn xià liú？ tā shèn zhì gān cuì bǎ miè shì bǎi zài liǎn shàng héng héng dāng bèi dài bǔ shěn xùn shí， tā màn bù jīng xīn dì hēng qǐ xiǎo diào， dāng tā xiàng yǐn yòu rèn hé yī gè nán rén yī yàng yǐn yòu háo sài shí， tā yòu hēng qǐ yī duàn gèng wéi jié zòu gèng wéi rè liè、 yě xìng de xiǎo diào。 tā sì hū zǎo yǐ bǎ zì jǐ de mìng yùn zhì zhī dù wài， ér ròu shēn zài tā kàn lái bù guò shì yī gè yǐ jīng duò luò dào dǐ、 wú yǐ wǎn jiù de chòu pí náng， zhǐ děng zuì hòu huǐ miè shí jī de dào lái liǎo。
zhè lǐ chù jí de wèn tí hěn duō。 kǎ mén qīng xǐng dì yì shí dào zì jǐ shì zǒu zài duò luò de bù guī lù má？ tā wèishénme zài fǎn kàng bèi wǔ rǔ hé bèi sǔn hài de mìng yùn tóng shí， yòu gān yuàn chén lún dào dǐ 'ér fēi jìn yī bù dì zǒu xiàng huǐ zuì hé xīn shēng de dào lù？ bù zhī yòu duō shǎo guān zhòng zài“ āi qí bù xìng” de tóng shí“ nù qí bù zhēng”， dàn zhè réng bù néng zǔ zhǐ wǒ men duì kǎ mén zhè gè rén wù xíng xiàng de xǐ 'ài héng héng rú guǒ bù shì xǐ 'ài， zhì shǎo yě tán bù shàng shì yàn 'è。 wèishénme huì zhè yàng ní？ zài nòng qīng zhè dì 'èr gè lìng rén shēn sī de dì fāng zhī qián， hái shì ràng wǒ men xiān kàn kàn“ kǎ mén duì háo sài de jiào yù”。
shí jì shàng， tǔ fěi hé zǒu sī fàn dídí shēng cún yǐ jīng zài guó jiā zhèng yì zhī wài， tā men bù chéng rèn jì yòu de lǜ fǎ hé lún lǐ zhì xù， yóu zǒu qí wài， hé sī jǐ xìng qíng 'ài lún lǐ yī yàng zuò wéi yī zhǒng wǎ jiě xìng lì liàng chū xiàn。 rú guǒ dāng shí zhàn tǒng zhì dì wèi de guó jiā zhèng yì chū xiàn wēi jī， zhè zhǒng jiāng hú zhèng yì jiù hěn kě néng yǐ xīng xīng zhī huǒ chéng liáo yuán zhī shì， bìng zuì zhōng qǔ 'ér dài zhī， dàn qí qián tí shì tā bì xū yòu yíng dé rén xīn de lì liàng hé yōu shì。 dàn kǎ mén de zhàng fū shì nà zhǒng wú dào de fěi zéi， jiā shàng guó jiā zhèng yì de qiáng dà， qí miè wáng shì chí zǎo zhī shì。 dàn yóu yú háo sài de chū xiàn， tā bèi pò xiàn rù kǎ mén yǔ háo sài jiāo zhì de qíng 'ài lún lǐ de wǎng luò zhī zhōng。
yán gé jiǎng， kǎ mén yǔ tā de zhàng fū zhī jiān méi yòu shénme qíng 'ài kě yán。 kě yǐ bǎ zhè zhǒng guān xì shì wéi kǎ mén yǔ nà xiē jǐn jǐn jì yú tā měi miào ròu shēn de nán rén zhī jiān guān xì de nóng suō hé dài biǎo， tā mendōu shì zuò wéi méi yòu líng hún de shēng wù chū xiàn， yīn cǐ yě shuō bù shàng gòu chéng shǔ rén de lún lǐ guān xì。 zhè zhǒng guān xì běn zhì shàng jiù shì qiáng zhě duì ruò zhě de qī líng hé bà dào， rú guǒ guó jiā zhèng yì yǔn xǔ tā de chū xiàn bìng duì qí wú suǒ zuò wéi、 wú néng wéi lì， shuō míng guó jiā zhèng yì yǐ jīng chū xiàn wēi jī， shì bì jiāng bù zài néng fú tiē rén xīn liǎo。 ér kǎ mén yǔ háo sài zhī jiān qíng 'ài lún lǐ guān xì de xíng chéng qǐ chū lí bù kāi ròu shēn xìng de cù fā， dàn tā yī dàn wěn gù、 rèn huà， yòu shì bì jiāng zài guó jiā lún lǐ de huò qiáng gù huò bó ruò de lún lǐ zhī wǎng xià dǎ kāi yī piàn shū lí de kōng jiān， rú guǒ guó jiā lún lǐ běn shēn yǐ jīng xiàn rù hūn 'àn bù míng de jìng dì， zhè piàn kōng jiān yě jiù kě néng ràng rén gǎn dào guāng liàng de cún zài。 dàn kǎ mén yǔ háo sài shì fǒu zhì zào liǎo guāng liàng de cún zài réng shì yī gè yí wèn， zhè bù jǐn yīn wéi tā men zhì shēn de guó jiā lún lǐ bù gòu hūn mèi， gèng yīn wéi zhè zhǒng qíng 'ài lún lǐ guān xì jí qí fù zá。
háo sài duì kǎ mén de zhàng fū de jí hèn shì wú yōng zhì yí de， dàn zhè zhǒng qiáng liè de gǎn qíng bù jǐn shì nán rén zhī jiān de zhēng fēng chī cù， gèng shì háo sài kàn dào zì jǐ xīn 'ài zhī rén bèi dāng zuò wù pǐn zāo tà hòu méng shēng de duì bù yì de fèn nù。 yào shì kǎ mén bù shì háo sài suǒ 'ài zhī rén， huò xǔ zhè zhǒng fèn hèn zhī qíng bù huì nà me qiáng liè， dàn háo sài piān piān gǎn dào kǎ mén yīnggāi zhǐ shǔ yú tā yī rén， bǐ cǐ lián jiē de shēng mìng qíng xiàn jiā shàng wú fǎ bì miǎn de zhàn yòu yù shǐ kǎ mén bù néng xīn píng qì hé dì rěn nài xià qù。 yóu qí dāng tā běn rén jiù zài bàng biān xiàng nà gè nián lǎo de huǒ bàn kàn zhe zì jǐ gēn kǎ mén zuò 'ài yī yàng kàn zhe kǎ mén gēn tā zhàng fū zuò 'ài shí， shuō nà zhǒng gǎn jué jiù xiàng wàn jiàn chuān xīn、 tòng bù yù shēng yě bùwèi guò。 yú shì， háo sài yào me qù sǐ， yào me bù xǔ rèn hé rén zhàn yòu kǎ mén， zhè zhǒng yì xiàng zài tā shā sǐ zhōng wèi shí yǐ jīng chū bù xiǎn xiàn， zài tā shā sǐ kǎ mén zhàng fū shí jiù gèng wéi míng xiǎn liǎo。
kǎ mén zài shuāng fāng jué dǒu shí jǐn zhāng háo sài de shēng sǐ cún wáng， huò xǔ zhè jiù shì“ ài” liǎo， zhèng shì zhè zhǒng jǐn zhāng ràng kǎ mén méng zhù zì jǐ zhàng fū de tóu yǐ zhù háo sài shā sǐ tā。 móu shā qīn fū？ kǎ mén yǔ“ zhàng fū” de fū qī guān xì hěn kě néng gēn běn méi yòu dé dào guó jiā fǎ lǜ guī fàn de rèn kě， zhī suǒ yǐ shuō shì tā“ zhàng fū” bù guò shì míng yì shàng de， zhè gè chēng wèi bù guò yào biǎo míng，“ zhè shì wǒ de， shuí yě bù xǔ pèng， chú fēi dé dào lǎo zǐ de xǔ kě”。 lú suō zài《 lùn rén lèi bù píng děng de qǐ yuán》 de dì 'èr bù fēn kāi piān shuō：“ shuí dì yī gè bǎ yī kuài tǔ dì juàn qǐ lái bìng xiǎng dào shuō： zhè shì wǒ de， ér qiě zhǎo dào yī xiē tóu nǎo shí fēn jiǎn dān de rén jū rán xiāng xìn liǎo tā de huà， shuí jiù shì wén míng shè huì de zhēn zhèng diàn jī zhě。” rú guǒ shuō guó jiā zhèng yì de diàn jī zhě shì“ dà dào”， jiāng hú zhèng yì de diàn jī zhě jiù shì“ xiǎo dào”， ér qíng 'ài lún lǐ zài lǐ xiǎng shàng shì bǎi tuō zhè liǎng zhǒng bù yì de“ zhèng yì” de shù fù、 huò qǔ zì yóu de yī zhǒng fāng shì。 yě jiù shì shuō， gè tǐ yǔ zhěng tǐ zhī jiān chū xiàn bù kě tiáohé de máo dùn， hé xié de jìng jiè zhǐ shì yī zhǒng lǐ xiǎng zhuàng tài。
Sources
According to a letter Mérimée wrote to the Countess of Montijo, "Carmen" was inspired by a story she told him on his visit to Spain in 1830. He said, "It was about that ruffian from Málaga who had killed his mistress, who consecrated herself exclusively to the public. […] As I have been studying the Gypsies for some time, I have made my heroine a Gypsy."
An important source for the material on the Roma (Gypsies) was George Borrow's book The Zincali (1841). Another source may have been the narrative poem "The Gypsies" by Alexander Pushkin (Brown 1986).
Plot summary
The novella comprises four parts. Only the first three appeared in the original publication in the Revue des Deux Mondes (Review of the Two Worlds); the fourth first appeared in the book publication in 1846. Mérimée tells the story as if it had really happened to him on his trip to Spain in 1830.
Part I. While searching for the site of the Battle of Munda in a lonely spot in Andalusia, Mérimée meets a man who his guide hints is a dangerous robber. Instead of fleeing, Mérimée befriends the man by sharing cigars and food. They stay in the same primitive inn that night. The guide tells Mérimée that the man is the robber known as Don José Navarro and leaves to inform on him, but Mérimée warns Don José, who escapes.
Part II. Later, in Córdoba, Mérimée meets Carmen, a beautiful Roma woman who is fascinated by his repeating watch. He goes to her home so she can tell his fortune, and she impresses him with her occult knowledge. They are interrupted by Don José, and although Carmen makes throat-cutting gestures, José escorts Mérimée out. Mérimée finds his watch is missing.
Some months later, again in Córdoba, a friend of Mérimée's tells him that Don José Navarro is to be garrotted the next day. Mérimée visits the prisoner and hears the story of his life.
Part III. Our robber's real name is José Lizarrabengoa, and he is a Basque hidalgo from Navarre. He killed a man in a fight resulting from a game of paume (presumably some form of Basque pelota) and had to flee. In Seville he joined a unit of dragoons, soldiers with police functions.
Statue of Carmen on the Paseo Alcalde Marqués de Contadero, Seville
One day he met Carmen, then working in the cigar factory he was guarding. As he alone in his unit ignored her, she teased him. A few hours later, he arrested her for cutting x's in a co-worker's face in a quarrel. She convinced him by speaking Basque that she was half Basque, and he let her go, for which he was imprisoned for a month and demoted.
After his release, he encountered her again and she repaid him with a day of bliss, followed by another when he allowed her fellow smugglers to pass his post. He looked for her at the house of one of her Roma friends, but she entered with his lieutenant. In the ensuing fight, José killed the lieutenant and had to join Carmen's outlaw band.
With the outlaws, he progressed from smuggling to robbery, and was sometimes with Carmen but suffered from jealousy as she used her attractions to further the band's enterprises; he also learned that she was married. After her husband joined the band, José provoked a knife fight with him and killed him. Carmen became José's wife.
However, she told him she loved him less than before, and she became attracted to a successful young picador named Lucas. José, mad with jealousy, begged her to forsake other men and live with him; they could start an honest life in America. She said that she knew from omens that he was fated to kill her, but "Carmen will always be free," and as she now hated herself for having loved him, she would never give in to him. He stabbed her to death and then turned himself in. Don José ends his tale by saying that the Roma are to blame for the way they raised Carmen.
Part IV. If readers expect a continuation of the story, perhaps with a description of José's execution, they will be surprised. This part consists of scholarly remarks on the Roma: their appearance, their customs, their conjectured history, and their language. According to Henri Martineau, editor of a collection of Mérimée's fiction, the etymologies at the end are "extremely suspect".
Differences from the opera
As the above summary and that of Bizet's opera indicate, the opera is based on Part III of the story only and eliminates many elements, such as Carmen's husband. It greatly increases the role of other characters, such as the Dancaïre, who is only a minor character in the story; the Remendado, who one page after he is introduced is wounded by soldiers and then shot by Carmen's husband to keep him from slowing the gang down; and Lucas (renamed Escamillo and promoted to matador), who is seen only in the bull ring in the story. The opera's female singing roles other than Carmen—Micaëla, Frasquita, and Mercédès—have no counterparts in the novella. Carmen knows her fate not from reading cards but from interpreting such omens as a hare running between José's horse's legs. Other differences are too numerous to list.
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