shǒuyè>> >> 童话>> liú · luó 'ěr Lewis Carroll   yīng guó United Kingdom   hàn nuò wēi wáng cháo   (1832niányuányuè27rì1898niányuányuè14rì)
ài màn yóu jìng Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
  《 ài màn yóu jìng shì yīng guó shù xué jiā luó 'ěrxīng zhī suǒ zhìgěi yǒu rén de 'ér 'ài suǒ jiǎng de shìxiě xià hòu jiā shàng de chā sòng gěi liǎo hòu lái zài péng yǒu xià luó 'ěr jiāng shǒu gǎo jiā xiū dìngkuò chōngrùn hòu 1865 nián zhèng shì chū bǎn shì jiǎng shù liǎo jiào 'ài de xiǎo háizài mèng zhōng zhuī zhú zhǐ 'ér diào jìn liǎo dòngkāi shǐ liǎo màn cháng 'ér jīng xiǎn de xíngzhí dào zuì hòu pái wáng hòuguó wáng shēng dǐng zhuàng jiào shēngcái mèng xǐng láizhè tóng huà shén de huàn xiǎngfēng de yōu áng rán de shī qíng liǎo 'ōu chuán tǒng 'ér tóng wén xué dào shuō jiào de bǎn gōng shì hòu bèi fān chéng duō zhǒng wén zǒu biàn liǎo quán shì jiè
  《 ài màn yóu jìng 》 - shì jiǎn jiè
  
  《 ài màn yóu jìng shì yīng guó tóng huà zuò jiā liú · luò 'ěr de zhōng piān tóng huà shì xiě míng jiào 'ài de hái zài shuì shí rán kàn jiàn zhǐ chuān de bái páo guò ài gēn zhe diē jìn liǎo hēi dòngdiē liǎo hǎo jiǔ cái diē dào liǎo duī shù shàng zǒu jìn tīng zhōu yòu duō shàn mén
  
   tīng zhōng yāng zhuō shàng fàng zhe chuàn jīn yàoshì yòng zhōng kāi liǎo shàn zuì xiǎo de mén miàn shì zuò měi de huā yuánmén tài xiǎo zuàn jìnhòu lái liǎo zhuō shàng píng yǐn liàojiù biàn chéng liǎo zhǐ yòu 10 yīng cùn gāo de xiǎo rén chī liǎo zhuō xià kuài gāo xià cháng dào 9 yīng chǐmén yòu jìn liǎo láilèi shuǐ liú chéng
  
   bái chū xiàn liǎodiū xià shàn yòng lái shànyòu suō chéng xiǎo rén shī luò de lèi shuǐ chí zhōnghǎo róng cái yóu dào 'àn biānài lái dào bái jiākàn jiàn guì shàng yòu yǐn liào cái liǎo bàn píngshēn jiù biàn tóu dǐng tiān huā bǎngēbo shēn chū chuāng wài dòng dàn jiǎn shí tóu shí luò quán biàn chéng gāo bǐng chī shàng yòu suō xiǎo liǎo shì duó mén táo páotáo dào lín chī liǎo diǎn cái huī liǎo yuán lái de xíng zhuàng
  
   ài zǒu jìn gōng jué rén jiā de huā yuánzài zhè rèn shí liǎo hóng xīn guó wáng K huáng hòu Q。 huáng hòu bào zàodòng dòng jiù kǎn diào rén jiā de tóuqiē shè māo huáng hòu shēng bèi pàn kǎn tóudàn māo de shēn xiāo shī liǎoguì shǒu zhī zěn yàng kǎn méi yòu shēn de tóuzuì hòu huáng hòu yòu xià lìng kǎn diào kěn duì huāng táng shì zuò zhèng de 'ài de tóuài zài wèi zhōng jīng xǐng
  《 ài màn yóu jìng 》 - juésè jiǎn jiè
  
  《 ài màn yóu jìng ài chuān de
   ài shì de zhùjué chún zhēn 'ài de xiǎo háichōng mǎn hàoqí xīn qiú zhī zài shēn shàng xiàn chū liǎo shǔ 'ér tóng de zhǒng chún zhēnzài rén de chéngzhǎng guò chéng zhōngzhè zhǒng 'ér tóng de chún zhēn cháng cháng huì zāo dào qīn shíyīn 'érchún zhēn de 'ài duì 'ér tóngduì chéng nián réndōu mèi qiě zhēn guì
  
   zhǐ chuānzhuó bèi xīn de bái zài shì kāi chǎng zhèng yào gěi wáng dōng de hǎn zhe tiān tiān yào chí dào liǎo páo guò 'ài miàn qiányǐn liǎo de zhù wèile zhuī ài cái cóng dòng diào jìn liǎo shén de shì jièhòu lái 'ài zài de jiā yòu liǎo píng yào 'ér biàn chéng rén
  
   'ěrài zài jiā yào biàn chéng rén kāi fáng wéi chū xiàn liǎo guài pài zhè zhǐ xiǎo cóng yān cōng jìn kàn kàn qíng kuàngjiēguǒ děng jìn jiù bèi 'ài liǎo chū lái
  
   máo máo chóng zhǐ zuò zài shàng yān dǒu de guài máo máo chóngtài yòu diǎn zhōng rén guò jiāogěi liǎo 'ài yóu biàn biàn xiǎo de fāng
  
   gōng jué rén 'àihào shuō jiào de rénkǒu tóu shì qiē shì jiē néng yǐn shēn chū jiào xùn”。 ài guò jiāzhèng shì zài cái rèn shí liǎo chái jùn māo
  
   chái jùn māo zhǐ zǒng shì lie zhe zuǐ xiào de māolái yuán yīng yànxiàode xiàng zhǐ chái jùn māo”。 bāng liǎo 'ài máng
  
   mào jiàngfēng kuáng chá huì de cān jiā zhě zhī lái yuán yīng yànfēng xiàng mào jiàng”。
  
   sān yuè fēng kuáng chá huì de cān jiā zhě zhī lái yuán yīng yànfēng xiàng zhǐ sān yuè de ”。
  
   shuì shǔfēng kuáng chá huì de cān jiā zhě zhī zǒng shì zài shuì jué
  
   hóng xīn wángshuài lǐng zhe qún pái shì bīng de pái wánghěn róng shēng dòng zhé yào kǎn bié rén de tóu guò shí bìng méi yòu shí xíng guò
  
   hóng xīn guó wáng pái guó wáng xiàng me 'ài dòng xiāng fǎn gěi rén shòu zhǐ shǐ de lǎo hǎo rén de gǎn jué
  
   fēn shén huà zhōng de shī shēn yīng shǒu guài shòuzài wáng de mìng lìng xià dài 'ài jiàn liǎo jiǎ hǎi guī
  
   jiǎ hǎi guī wáng mìng lìng fēn dài 'ài jiàn de juésè gěi 'ài jiǎng liǎo chōng mǎn wén yóu de míng miào de shì
  《 ài màn yóu jìng 》 - zuò pǐn píng jià
  
  《 ài màn yóu jìngshì bèi gōng rèn wéi shì jiè 'ér tóng wén xué jīng diǎn de tóng huàyóu zhōng fēng de xiǎng xiàng zhǒng zhǒng yǐn dàn shēn shòu dài 'ér tóng huān yíng bèi shì wéi yán de wén xué zuò pǐn。《 ài màn yóu jìng dào luó 'ěr 1898 nián shì zhī qián jīng chéng wéi yīng guó zuì chàng xiāo de 'ér tóng
  
  《 ài màn yóu jìngzuò pǐn mèng huàn de xíng shìjiāng dài de shì zhōngqíng jié shuò biàn huàn biǎo miàn kàn lái huāng dàn jīngshí shàng què yòu yán de luó ji xìng shēn de nèi hánshì zhì huì huàn xiǎng de wán měi jié chī xiē dōng jiù zhǎngdà huò biàn xiǎoxiǎo lǎo shǔ yóu yǒngmáo máo chóng bān gāoxiǎo zhū jiē jiàn gōng jué rén de hái hái yòu lóng tiào shì de shì jiè
  
  《 ài màn yóu jìngzhōng zhù rén gōng 'ài shì shí fēn 'ài de xiǎo hái tiān zhēn huó chōng mǎn hàoqí xīn qiú zhī yòu tóng qíng xīndǒng shì fēizài 'ài shēn shàngchōng fēn xiàn liǎo shǔ 'ér tóng de zhǒng chún zhēnzài rén de chéngzhǎng guò chéng zhōngzhè zhǒng 'ér tóng de chún zhēn cháng cháng huì zāo dào qīn shíyīn 'érchún zhēn de 'ài duì 'ér tóngduì chéng nián réndōu mèi qiě zhēn guì
  
  《 ài màn yóu jìngzhōng chōng mǎn liǎo yòu de wén yóu shuāng guān qiǎo zhìyīn yòu shí shì nán fān de 'èr zhāng zhāng míng de“ Tale( shì)” yīn wéi bèi 'ài tīng chéng tóng yīn de“ Tail( wěi )” ér nào chū liǎo xiào huàyóu kāi shǐ shí shì gěi péng yǒu de hái jiǎng de zhī zuò shì de hěn duō juésè míng yǐng shè liǎo zuò zhě shēn biān de rén sān zhāng de niǎo( dodo) shì zuò zhě yīn wéi yòu kǒu chī de máo bìngtīng lái xiàng dodo zhè )、 ( duck) shì péng yǒu Duckworth、 yīng ( Lory) shì 'ài de jiě jiě Lorina, xiǎo yīng( Eaglet) shì 'ài de mèi mèi Edith。
  《 ài màn yóu jìng 》 - zuò zhě jiǎn jiè
  
   liú · luó 'ěr de zhēn míng jiào chá 'ěr · wēi · dào sēn( 1832 1898), shì wèi shù xué jiācháng zài xiǎng yòu shèng míng de niú jīn xué rèn táng xué yuàn shù xué jiǎng shī biǎo liǎo hǎo běn shù xué zhù zuò yīn yòu yán zhòng de kǒu chī 'ér shàn rén jiāo wǎngdàn xīng guǎng fànduì xiǎo shuōshī luó ji yòu zào hái shì yōu xiù de 'ér tóng xiàng shè yǐng shī
  
  1862 nián 7 yuè de xià zuò jiā dài zhe sān hái huá zhe zhǐ xiǎo chuán zài tài shì shàng dàng yàngzài hái men de zài sān yāng qiú xià xìn kǒu jiǎng liǎo mèng yóu jìng de shì gěi men tīnghòu lái jīng guò zhōng jiào 'ài de xiǎo hái de qǐng qiú jiāng shì xiě chéng wén sòng gěi liǎo
  
   zhè piān wén jiù shìài màn yóu jìng》。 hòu lái zài péng yǒu xià luó 'ěr jiāng shǒu gǎo jiā xiū dìngkuò chōngrùn hòu 1865 nián zhèng shì chū bǎn luó 'ěr hòu lái yòu xiě liǎo jiě mèi piānjiàoài jìng zhōng 》, bìng ài màn yóu jìng fēng xíng shì
  《 ài màn yóu jìng 》 - gǎi biān fǎng zuò
  
   liú · luó 'ěr deài màn yóu jìngyóu zuò pǐn de guǎng shòu huān yíng,《 ài màn yóu jìngcéng bèi gǎi biān chéng zhǒng cáibāo kuò diàn yǐng tái dòng huà zhōng 1951 nián gǎi biān de AliceinWonderland shì jiào zhù míng de wài hái chū xiàn liǎo zhǒng fǎng zuò shěn cóng wén de tóng huàā zhōng guó yóu biàn shì jiǎ tuō 'ài de míng fǎn yìng dāng shí shè huì de hēi 'àn
  
   lìng wàizhè chōng mǎn huàn cǎi de cái shí bèi zhǒng běn màn huà tào yòngyóu guì xiāng zhì de jué gāi yǐnyòu zhāng jiù jiè yòng liǎo 'ài de shìzhǐ shì zài tuí fèi fēng wén míng de yóu guì xià shì biàn yīn sēn kǒng liǎo
  
   hái yòu hěn duō màn huà jiā huān xià de juésè tào jìn 'ài de shì jiè ,《 yīng lán gāo xiào nán gōng guān 》、 shān tián nán píng dehóng chá wáng zuò guò lèi de shìkàn kàn tóng shì zài tóng de zuò zhě xià chéng xiàn chū zěn yàng de xīn cǎi shí shì jiàn yòu de shì


  Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (commonly shortened to Alice in Wonderland) is an 1865 novel written by English author Charles Lutwidge Dodgson under the pseudonym Lewis Carroll. It tells the story of a girl named Alice who falls down a rabbit hole into a fantasy world populated by peculiar and anthropomorphic creatures. The tale plays with logic in ways that have given the story lasting popularity with adults as well as children. It is considered to be one of the best examples of the literary nonsense genre, and its narrative course and structure have been enormously influential, especially in the fantasy genre.
  
  History
  Facsimile page from Alice's Adventures Under Ground
  
  Alice was published in 1865, three years after the Reverend Charles Lutwidge Dodgson and the Reverend Robinson Duckworth rowed in a boat, on 4 July 1862, up the River Thames with three young girls:
  
   * Lorina Charlotte Liddell (aged 13, born 1849) ("Prima" in the book's prefatory verse)
   * Alice Pleasance Liddell (aged 10, born 1852) ("Secunda" in the prefatory verse)
   * Edith Mary Liddell (aged 8, born 1853) ("Tertia" in the prefatory verse).
  
  The three girls were the daughters of Henry George Liddell, the Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University and Dean of Christ Church as well as headmaster of Westminster School.
  
  The journey had started at Folly Bridge near Oxford and ended five miles away in the village of Godstow. To while away time the Reverend Dodgson told the girls a story that, not so coincidentally, featured a bored little girl named Alice who goes looking for an adventure.
  
  The girls loved it, and Alice Liddell asked Dodgson to write it down for her. After a lengthy delay—over two years —he eventually did so and on 26 November 1864 gave Alice the handwritten manuscript of Alice's Adventures Under Ground, with illustrations by Dodgson himself. Some, including Martin Gardner, speculate there was an earlier version that was destroyed later by Dodgson himself when he printed a more elaborate copy by hand, but there is no known prima facie evidence to support this.
  
  But before Alice received her copy, Dodgson was already preparing it for publication and expanding the 15,500-word original to 27,500 words, most notably adding the episodes about the Cheshire Cat and the Mad Tea-Party. In 1865, Dodgson's tale was published as Alice's Adventures in Wonderland by "Lewis Carroll" with illustrations by John Tenniel. The first print run of 2,000 was held back because Tenniel objected to the print quality. A new edition, released in December of the same year, but carrying an 1866 date, was quickly printed. As it turned out, the original edition was sold with Dodgson's permission to the New York publishing house of Appleton. The binding for the Appleton Alice was virtually identical to the 1866 Macmillan Alice, except for the publisher's name at the foot of the spine. The title page of the Appleton Alice was an insert cancelling the original Macmillan title page of 1865, and bearing the New York publisher's imprint and the date 1866.
  
  The entire print run sold out quickly. Alice was a publishing sensation, beloved by children and adults alike. Among its first avid readers were Queen Victoria and the young Oscar Wilde. The book has never been out of print. Alice's Adventures in Wonderland has been translated into 125 languages[citation needed]. There have now been over a hundred editions of the book, as well as countless adaptations in other media, especially theatre and film.
  
  The book is commonly referred to by the abbreviated title Alice in Wonderland, an alternative title popularized by the numerous stage, film and television adaptations of the story produced over the years. Some printings of this title contain both Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and its sequel Through the Looking-Glass, and, What Alice Found There.
  Publishing highlights
  cover of the 1898 edition
  
   * 1865: First UK edition (the suppressed edition).
   * 1865: First US edition.
   * 1869: Alice's Abenteuer im Wunderland is published in German translation by Antonie Zimmermann.
   * 1869: Aventures d'Alice au pays des merveilles is published in French translation by Henri Bué.
   * 1870: Alice's Äfventyr i Sagolandet is published in Swedish translation by Emily Nonnen.
   * 1871: Dodgson meets another Alice during his time in London, Alice Raikes, and talks with her about her reflection in a mirror, leading to another book Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There, which sells even better.
   * 1886: Carroll publishes a facsimile of the earlier Alice's Adventures Under Ground manuscript.
   * 1890: Carroll publishes The Nursery "Alice", a special edition "to be read by Children aged from Nought to Five".
   * 1905: Mrs J. C. Gorham publishes Alice's Adventures in Wonderland retold in words of one syllable in a series of such books published by A. L. Burt Company, aimed at young readers.
   * 1908: Alice has its first translation into Japanese.
   * 1910: La Aventuroj de Alicio en Mirlando is published in Esperanto translation by Elfric Leofwine Kearney.
   * 1916: Publication of the first edition of the Windermere Series, Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. Illustrated by Milo Winter.
   * 1928: The manuscript of Alice's Adventures Under Ground that Carroll wrote and illustrated and that he had given to Alice Liddell was sold at Sotheby's on April 3. It sold to Philip Rosenbach for ₤15,400, a world record for the sale of a manuscript at the time.
   * 1960: American writer Martin Gardner publishes a special edition, The Annotated Alice, incorporating the text of both Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass. It has extensive annotations explaining the hidden allusions in the books, and includes full texts of the Victorian era poems parodied in them. Later editions expand on these annotations.
   * 1961: The Folio Society publication with 42 illustrations by John Tenniel.
   * 1964: Alicia in Terra Mirabili is published in Latin translation by Clive Harcourt Carruthers.
   * 1998: Lewis Carroll's own copy of Alice, one of only six surviving copies of the 1865 first edition, is sold at an auction for US$1.54 million to an anonymous American buyer, becoming the most expensive children's book (or 19th-century work of literature) ever traded. (The former record was later eclipsed in 2007 when a limited-edition Harry Potter book by J.K. Rowling, The Tales of Beedle the Bard, was sold at auction for £1.95 million ($3.9 million).
   * 2003: Eachtraí Eilíse i dTír na nIontas is published in Irish translation by Nicholas Williams.
   * 2008: Folio Alice's Adventures Under Ground facsimile edition (limited to 3,750 copies, boxed with The Original Alice pamphlet).
   * 2009: Alys in Pow an Anethow is published in Cornish translation by Nicholas Williams.
   * 2009: Children’s book collector and former American football player Pat McInally reportedly sold Alice Liddell’s own copy at auction for $115,000.
  
  Synopsis
  The White Rabbit in a hurry
  
  Chapter 1-Down the Rabbit Hole: Alice is bored sitting on the riverbank with her sister, when she sees a talking, clothed White Rabbit with a watch run past. She follows it down a rabbit hole when suddenly she falls a long way to a curious hall with many locked doors of all sizes. She finds a small key to a door too small for her to fit, but through which she sees an attractive garden. She then discovers a bottle labelled "DRINK ME", the contents of which cause her to shrink too small to reach the key. A cake with "EAT ME" on it causes her to grow to such a tremendous size her head hits the ceiling.
  
  Chapter 2-The Pool of Tears: Alice is unhappy and cries and her tears flood the hallway. After shrinking down again due to a fan she had picked up, Alice swims through her own tears and meets a Mouse, who is swimming as well. She tries to make small talk with him but all she can think of talking about is her cat, which offends the mouse.
  
  Chapter 3-The Caucus Race and a Long Tale: The sea of tears becomes crowded with other animals and birds that have been swept away. Alice and the other animals convene on the bank and the question among them is how to get dry again. The mouse gives them a very dry lecture on William the Conqueror. A Dodo decides that the best thing to dry them off would be a Caucus-Race, which consists of everyone running in a circle with no clear winner. Alice eventually frightens all the animals away, unwittingly, by talking about her cat.
  
  Chapter 4-The Rabbit Sends a Little Bill: The White Rabbit appears again in search of the Duchess's gloves and fan. He orders Alice to go into the house and retrieve them, but once she gets inside she starts growing. The horrified Rabbit orders his gardener, Bill the Lizard, to climb on the roof and go down the chimney. Outside, Alice hears the voices of animals that have gathered to gawk at her giant arm. The crowd hurls pebbles at her, which turn into little cakes, which, when Alice eats them, reduce her again in size.
  
  Chapter 5-Advice from a Caterpillar: Alice comes upon a mushroom and sitting on it is a blue Caterpillar smoking a hookah. The Caterpillar questions Alice and she admits to her current identity crisis, compounded by her inability to remember a poem. Before crawling away, the caterpillar tells Alice that one side of the mushroom will make her taller and the other side will make her shorter. She breaks off two pieces from the mushroom. One side makes her shrink smaller than ever, while another causes her neck to grow high into the trees, where a pigeon mistakes her for a serpent. With some effort, Alice brings herself back to her usual height. She stumbles upon a small estate and uses the mushroom to reach a more appropriate height.
  
  Chapter 6-Pig and Pepper: A Fish-Footman has an invitation for the Duchess of the house, which he delivers to a Frog-Footman. Alice observes this transaction and, after a perplexing conversation with the frog, lets herself into the house. The Duchess's Cook is throwing dishes and making a soup that has too much pepper, which causes Alice, the Duchess and her baby (but not the cook or her grinning Cheshire Cat) to sneeze violently. Alice is given the baby by the Duchess and to her surprise, the baby turns into a pig.
  
  Chapter 7-A Mad Tea Party: The Cheshire Cat appears in a tree, directing her to the March Hare's house. He disappears but his grin remains behind to float on its own in the air prompting Alice to remark that she has often seen a cat without a grin but never a grin without a cat. Alice becomes a guest at a "mad" tea party along with the Hatter (now more commonly known as the Mad Hatter), the March Hare, and a sleeping Dormouse who remains asleep for most of the chapter. The other characters give Alice many riddles and stories. The Mad Hatter reveals that they have tea all day because time has punished him by eternally standing still at 6 pm (tea time). Alice becomes insulted and tired of being bombarded with riddles and she leaves claiming that it was the stupidest tea party that she had ever been to.
  
  
  Alice trying to play croquet with a flamingo
  The grinning Cheshire Cat
  
  Chapter 8-The Queen's Croquet Ground: Alice leaves the tea party and enters the garden where she comes upon three living playing cards painting the white roses on a rose tree red because the Queen of Hearts hates white roses. A procession of more cards, kings and queens and even the White Rabbit enters the garden. Alice then meets the King and Queen. The Queen, a figure difficult to please, introduces her trademark phrase "Off with his head!" which she utters at the slightest dissatisfaction with a subject.
  
  Alice is invited (or some might say ordered) to play a game of croquet with the Queen and the rest of her subjects but the game quickly descends into chaos. Live flamingos are used as mallets and hedgehogs as balls and Alice once again meets the Cheshire Cat. The Queen of Hearts then orders the Cat to be beheaded, only to have her executioner complain that this is impossible since the head is all that can be seen of him. Because the cat belongs to the Duchess, the Queen is prompted to release the Duchess from prison to resolve the matter.
  
  Chapter 9-The Mock Turtle's Story: The Duchess is brought to the croquet ground at Alice's request. She ruminates on finding morals in everything around her. The Queen of Hearts dismisses her on the threat of execution and she introduces Alice to the Gryphon, who takes her to the Mock Turtle. The Mock Turtle is very sad, even though he has no sorrow. He tries to tell his story about how he used to be a real turtle in school, which The Gryphon interrupts so they can play a game.
  
  Chapter 10-Lobster Quadrille: The Mock Turtle and the Gryphon dance to the Lobster Quadrille, while Alice recites (rather incorrectly) "'Tis the Voice of the Lobster". The Mock Turtle sings them "Beautiful Soup" during which the Gryphon drags Alice away for an impending trial.
  
  Chapter 11-Who Stole the Tarts?: Alice attends a trial whereby the Knave of Hearts is accused of stealing the Queen's tarts. The jury is composed of various animals, including Bill the Lizard, the White Rabbit is the court's trumpeter, and the judge is the King of Hearts. During the proceedings, Alice finds that she is steadily growing larger. The dormouse scolds Alice and tells her she has no right to grow at such a rapid pace and take up all the air. Alice scoffs and calls the dormouse's accusation ridiculous because everyone grows and she can't help it. Meanwhile witnesses at the trial include the Mad Hatter, who displeases and frustrates the King through his indirect answers to the questioning, and the Duchess's cook.
  
  Chapter 12-Alice's Evidence: Alice is then called up as a witness. She accidentally knocks over the jury box with the animals inside them and the King orders the animals be placed back into their seats before the trial continues. The King and Queen order Alice to be gone, citing Rule 42 ("All persons more than a mile high to leave the court"), but Alice disputes their judgement and refuses to leave. She argues with the King and Queen of Hearts over the ridiculous proceedings, eventually refusing to hold her tongue. The Queen shouts her familiar "Off with her head!" but Alice is unafraid, calling them out as just a pack of cards. Alice's sister wakes her up for tea, brushing what turns out to be some leaves and not a shower of playing cards from Alice's face. Alice leaves her sister on the bank to imagine all the curious happenings for herself.
  Characters
  Peter Newell's illustration of Alice surrounded by the characters of Wonderland. (1890)
  
   * Alice
   * The White Rabbit
   * The Mouse
   * The Dodo
   * The Lory
   * The Eaglet
   * The Duck
   * Pat
   * Bill the Lizard
   * The Caterpillar
   * The Duchess
   * The Cheshire Cat
   * The Hatter
   * The March Hare
   * The Dormouse
   * The Queen of Hearts
   * The Knave of Hearts
   * The King of Hearts
   * The Gryphon
   * The Mock Turtle
  
  Misconceptions about characters
  
  Although the Jabberwock is often thought to be a character in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, it actually only appears in the sequel, Through the Looking-Glass. It is, however, often included in film versions, which are usually simply called "Alice in Wonderland", causing the confusion. The Queen of Hearts is commonly mistaken for the Red Queen who appears in the story's sequel, Through the Looking-Glass, but shares none of her characteristics other than being a queen. The Queen of Hearts is part of the deck of card imagery present in the first book, while the Red Queen is representative of a red chess piece, as chess is the theme present in the sequel. Many adaptations have mixed the characters, causing much confusion.
  Character allusions
  
  The members of the boating party that first heard Carroll's tale all show up in Chapter 3 ("A Caucus-Race and a Long Tale") in one form or another. There is, of course, Alice Liddell herself, while Carroll, or Charles Dodgson, is caricatured as the Dodo. Carroll is known as the Dodo because Dodgson stuttered when he spoke, thus if he spoke his last name it would be Do-Do-Dodgson.[citation needed] The Duck refers to Canon Duckworth, the Lory to Lorina Liddell, and the Eaglet to Edith Liddell (Alice Liddell's sisters).
  
  Bill the Lizard may be a play on the name of Benjamin Disraeli. One of Tenniel's illustrations in Through the Looking-Glass depicts the character referred to as the "Man in White Paper" (whom Alice meets as a fellow passenger riding on the train with her), as a caricature of Disraeli, wearing a paper hat. The illustrations of the Lion and the Unicorn also bear a striking resemblance to Tenniel's Punch illustrations of Gladstone and Disraeli.
  
  The Hatter is most likely a reference to Theophilus Carter, a furniture dealer known in Oxford for his unorthodox inventions. Tenniel apparently drew the Hatter to resemble Carter, on a suggestion of Carroll's. The Dormouse tells a story about three little sisters named Elsie, Lacie, and Tillie. These are the Liddell sisters: Elsie is L.C. (Lorina Charlotte), Tillie is Edith (her family nickname is Matilda), and Lacie is an anagram of Alice.
  
  The Mock Turtle speaks of a Drawling-master, "an old conger eel", that used to come once a week to teach "Drawling, Stretching, and Fainting in Coils". This is a reference to the art critic John Ruskin, who came once a week to the Liddell house to teach the children drawing, sketching, and painting in oils. (The children did, in fact, learn well; Alice Liddell, for one, produced a number of skilled watercolours.)
  
  The Mock Turtle also sings "Beautiful Soup". This is a parody of a song called "Star of the Evening, Beautiful Star", which was performed as a trio by Lorina, Alice and Edith Liddell for Lewis Carroll in the Liddell home during the same summer in which he first told the story of Alice's Adventures Under Ground.
  Contents
  Poems and songs
  
   * "All in the golden afternoon..." — the prefatory verse, an original poem by Carroll that recalls the rowing expedition on which he first told the story of Alice's adventures underground
   * "How Doth the Little Crocodile" — a parody of Isaac Watts' nursery rhyme, "Against Idleness And Mischief"
   * "The Mouse's Tale" — an example of concrete poetry
   * "You Are Old, Father William" — a parody of Robert Southey's "The Old Man's Comforts and How He Gained Them"
   * The Duchess's lullaby, "Speak roughly to your little boy..." — a parody of David Bates' "Speak Gently"
   * "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Bat" — a parody of "Twinkle twinkle little star"
   * The Lobster Quadrille — a parody of Mary Botham Howitt's "The Spider and the Fly"
   * "'Tis the Voice of the Lobster" — a parody of "The Sluggard"
   * "Beautiful Soup" — a parody of James M. Sayles's "Star of the Evening, Beautiful Star"
   * "The Queen of Hearts" — an actual nursery rhyme
   * "They told me you had been to her..." — the White Rabbit's evidence
  
  Tenniel's illustrations
  
  John Tenniel's illustrations of Alice do not portray the real Alice Liddell, who had dark hair and a short fringe. There is a persistent legend that Carroll sent Tenniel a photograph of Mary Hilton Babcock, another child-friend, but no evidence for this has yet come to light, and whether Tenniel actually used Babcock as his model is open to dispute.
  Famous lines and expressions
  
  The term "Wonderland", from the title, has entered the language and refers to a marvelous imaginary place, or else a real-world place that one perceives to have dream-like qualities. It, like much of the Alice work, is widely referred to in popular culture.
  Illustration of Alice with the White Rabbit by Arthur Rackham
  
  "Down the Rabbit-Hole", the Chapter 1 title, has become a popular term for going on an adventure into the unknown. In drug culture, "going down the rabbit hole" is a metaphor for taking hallucinogenic drugs, as Carroll's novel appears similar in form to a drug trip.
  
  In Chapter 6, the Cheshire Cat's disappearance prompts Alice to say one of her most memorable lines: "...a grin without a cat! It's the most curious thing I ever saw in all my life!"
  
  In Chapter 7, the Hatter gives his famous riddle without an answer: "Why is a raven like a writing desk?" When asked by Alice what the answer was, he responds with, "I haven't the slightest idea." Although Carroll intended the riddle to have no solution, in a new preface to the 1896 edition of Alice, he proposes several answers: "Because it can produce a few notes, though they are very flat; and it is nevar put with the wrong end in front!" (Note the spelling of "never" as "nevar"—turning it into "raven" when inverted. This reverse spelling, however, was "corrected" in later editions to "never" and Carroll's pun was lost.) Puzzle expert Sam Loyd offered the following solutions:
  
   * Because the notes for which they are noted are not noted for being musical notes
   * Poe wrote on both
   * They both have inky quills
   * Bills and tales ("tails") are among their characteristics
   * Because they both stand on their legs, conceal their steels ("steals"), and ought to be made to shut up.
   * Occult: Marquis Andras, the raven from The Lesser Key of Solomon, riding a wolf with a sword.
  
  Cyril Pearson proposed:
  
   * Because they both slope with a flap.
  
  Many other answers are listed in The Annotated Alice. In Frank Beddor's novel Seeing Redd, the main antagonist, Queen Redd (a megalomaniac parody of the Queen of Hearts) meets Lewis Carroll and declares that the answer to the riddle is "Because I say so". Carroll is too terrified to contradict her.
  
  Other answers include “because there is a B in both and an N in neither,” (an answer which was meant to highlight the absurdity of the original question), "Neither one is made of cheese", and "it isn't."
  
  Arguably the most famous quote is used when the Queen of Hearts screams "Off with her head!" at Alice (and everyone else she feels slightly annoyed with). Possibly Carroll here was echoing a scene in Shakespeare's Richard III (III, iv, 76) where Richard demands the execution of Lord Hastings, crying "Off with his head!"
  
  When Alice is growing taller after eating the cake labeled "Eat me" she says, "curiouser and curiouser", a famous line that is still used today to describe an event with extraordinary wonder. The Cheshire Cat confirms to Alice "We're all mad here", a line that has been repeated for years as a result.
  Symbolism in the text
  Oxford Locations
  
  Most of the book's adventures may have been based on and influenced by people, situations and buildings in Oxford and at Christ Church, e.g., the "Rabbit Hole," which symbolized the actual stairs in the back of the main hall in Christ Church. A carving of a griffon and rabbit, as seen in Ripon Cathedral, where Carroll's father was a canon, may have provided inspiration for the tale.
  Mathematics
  
  Since Carroll was a mathematician at Christ Church, it has been suggested that there are many references and mathematical concepts in both this story and also in Through the Looking-Glass; examples include:
  
   * In chapter 1, "Down the Rabbit-Hole", in the midst of shrinking, Alice waxes philosophic concerning what final size she will end up as, perhaps "going out altogether, like a candle."; this pondering reflects the concept of a limit.
   * In chapter 2, "The Pool of Tears", Alice tries to perform multiplication but produces some odd results: "Let me see: four times five is twelve, and four times six is thirteen, and four times seven is—oh dear! I shall never get to twenty at that rate!" This explores the representation of numbers using different bases and positional numeral systems: 4 x 5 = 12 in base 18 notation, 4 x 6 = 13 in base 21 notation, and 4 x 7 could be 14 in base 24 notation. Continuing this sequence, going up three bases each time, the result will continue to be less than 20 in the corresponding base notation. (After 19 the product would be 1A, then 1B, 1C, 1D, and so on.)
   * In chapter 5, "Advice from a Caterpillar", the Pigeon asserts that little girls are some kind of serpent, for both little girls and serpents eat eggs. This general concept of abstraction occurs widely in many fields of science; an example in mathematics of employing this reasoning would be in the substitution of variables.
   * In chapter 7, "A Mad Tea-Party", the March Hare, the Mad Hatter, and the Dormouse give several examples in which the semantic value of a sentence A is not the same value of the converse of A (for example, "Why, you might just as well say that 'I see what I eat' is the same thing as 'I eat what I see'!"); in logic and mathematics, this is discussing an inverse relationship.
   * Also in chapter 7, Alice ponders what it means when the changing of seats around the circular table places them back at the beginning. This is an observation of addition on a ring of the integers modulo N.
   * The Cheshire cat fades until it disappears entirely, leaving only its wide grin, suspended in the air, leading Alice to marvel and note that she has seen a cat without a grin, but never a grin without a cat. Deep abstraction of concepts (non-Euclidean geometry, abstract algebra, the beginnings of mathematical logic...) was taking over mathematics at the time Dodgson was writing. Dodgson's delineation of the relationship between cat and grin can be taken to represent the very concept of mathematics and number itself. For example, instead of considering two or three apples, one may easily consider the concept of 'apple', upon which the concepts of 'two' and 'three' may seem to depend. However, a far more sophisticated jump is to consider the concepts of 'two' and 'three' by themselves, just like a grin, originally seemingly dependent on the cat, separated conceptually from its physical object.
  
  Mathematician Keith Devlin asserted in the journal of The Mathematical Association of America that Dodgson wrote Alice in Wonderland in its final form as a scathing satire on new modern mathematics that were emerging in the mid-1800s.
  The French language
  
  It has been suggested by several people, including Martin Gardner and Selwyn Goodacre, that Dodgson had an interest in the French language, choosing to make references and puns about it in the story. It is most likely that these are references to French lessons—a common feature of a Victorian middle-class girl's upbringing. For example, in the second chapter, Alice posits that the mouse may be French and chooses to speak the first sentence of her French lesson-book to it: "Où est ma chatte?" ("Where is my cat?"). In Henri Bué's French translation, Alice posits that the mouse may be Italian and speaks Italian to it.
  
  Pat's "Digging for apples" could be a cross-language pun, as pomme de terre means potato and pomme means apple, which little English girls studying French would easily guess.
  Classical languages
  
  In the second chapter, Alice initially addresses the mouse as "O Mouse", based on her vague memory of the noun declensions in her brother's textbook: "A mouse (nominative)— of a mouse (genitive)— to a mouse (dative)— a mouse (accusative)— O mouse! (vocative)." This corresponds to the traditional order that was established by Byzantine grammarians (and is still in standard use, except in the United Kingdom and some countries in Western Europe) for the five cases of Classical Greek; because of the absence of the ablative case, which Greek does not have but is found in Latin, the reference is apparently not to the latter as some have supposed.
  
  At the Mad Tea Party, Alice is astonished not to have jam served because the rule is: "Jam yesterday, jam tomorrow but never jam today." This is a reference to the rule in Latin that the word iam or jam meaning now in the sense of already or at that time cannot be used to describe now in the present, which is nunc in Latin. Jam is therefore never available today.
zhāng diào jìn dòng
  ài kào zhe jiě jiě zuò zài 'àn biān hěn jiǔ liǎoyóu méi yòu shénme shì qíng zuò kāi shǐ gǎn dào yàn juàn yòu héng qiáo qiáo jiě jiě zhèng zài de běn shū shì shū méi yòu huà méi yòu duì huàài xiǎng:“ yào shì běn shū méi yòu huà duì huà hái yòu shénme ?”
   tiān fēi cháng kùnshèn zhì liǎodàn shì 'ài hái shì rèn zhēn pán suàn zhezuò zhǐ chú huā huán de néng néng shàng zhāi chú de fán jiù zài zhè shí rán zhǐ fěn hóng yǎn jīng de bái tiē zhe shēn biān páo guò liǎo
   ài bìng méi yòu gǎn dào guàishèn zhì tīng dào yán shuō:“ òqīn 'ài deòqīn 'ài de tài chí liǎo。” ài méi yòu gǎn dào suī rán guò hòu rèn wéi zhè shì yīnggāi guài dāng shí de què gǎn dào hěn rándàn shì jìng rán cóng bèi xīn kǒu dài tāo chū kuài huái biǎo kàn kànrán hòu yòu cōng cōng máng máng páo liǎozhè shíài tiào liǎo lái rán xiǎng dàocóng lái méi yòu jiàn guò chuānzhuó yòu kǒu dài bèi xīn de gèng méi yòu jiàn dào guò hái néng cóng kǒu dài chū héng kuài biǎo lái hàoqí chuān guò tián jǐn jǐn zhuī gǎn zhǐ gāng hǎo kàn jiàn tiào jìn liǎo 'ǎi shù xià miàn de dòng
   ài jǐn gēn zhe tiào liǎo jìn gēn běn méi kǎo zěn me zài chū lái
   zhè dòng kāi shǐ xiàng zǒu láng zhí xiàng qiánhòu lái jiù rán xiàng xià liǎoài hái méi yòu lái zhàn zhùjiù diào jìn liǎo héng shēn jǐng
   shì jǐng tài shēn liǎo shì gǎn dào xià chén tài mànyīn yòu gòu de shí jiān dōng zhāng wàngér qiě cāi xià huì shēng shénme shìshǒu xiān wǎng xià kànxiǎng zhī dào huì diào dào shénme fāngdàn shì xià miàn tài hēi liǎoshénme kàn jiàn shì jiù kàn zhōu de jǐng zhǐ jiàn jǐng shàng pái mǎn liǎo wǎn chú shū jià guà zài dīng shàng de huà cóng jià shàng liǎo guàn tóuguàn tóu shàng xiě zhejié jiàng”, què shì kōng de hěn shī wàng gǎn kōng guàn tóu rēng xià zhe xià miàn de rényīn zài wǎng xià diào de shí hòu jiù kōng guàn tóu fàng dào lìng wǎn chú liǎo
  “ hǎo 'ā,” ài xiǎng,“ jīng guò liǎo zhè duàn liàn cóng lóu shàng gǔn xià lái jiù suàn huí shìjiā de réndōu huì shuō duō me yǒng gǎn 'āhēijiù shì cóng dǐng shàng diào xià lái méi shénme liǎo ,” héng héng zhè diǎn dǎo hěn néng shì zhēn de dǐng shàng shuāi xià láihuì shuāi shuō chū huà de
   diào 'ādiào 'ādiào 'ānán dào yǒng yuǎn diào dào liǎo ài shēng shuō:“ hěn zhī dào diào liǎo duō shǎo yīng liǎo dìng jīng kào jìn qiú zhōng xīn de fāng ràng xiǎng xiǎngzhè jiù shì shuō jīng diào liǎo yuē qiān yīng liǎo xiǎng……”( qiáoài zài xué xiào jīng xué dào liǎo diǎn zhè lèi dōng suī rán xiàn zài shì xiǎn shì zhī shí de shí yīn wéi méi rén zài tīng shuō huàdàn shì zhè réng rán shì hěn hǎo de liàn 。)“…… shì de gài jiù shì zhè me xiàn zài jiū jìng dào liǎo shénme jīng wěi liǎo ?”( ài míng bái jīng wěi shì shénme rèn wéi zhè shì tǐng shí máo de yǎnshuō lái guài hǎo tīng de。)
   huì 'ér yòu shuō huà liǎo:“ xiǎng zhī dào huì huì chuān guò qiúdào xiē tóu cháo xià zǒu de rén men zhè gāi duō me huá xiǎng zhè jiào zuò duì chēng rén’( 19 shì zhōng xué jiào shū shàng liú xíng míng dòngjiàoduì zhí rén”, shì shuō qiú zhí jìng liǎng duān de rénjiǎo xīn duì zhe jiǎo xīnài duì qiú duì miàn de rénde gài niàn wéi men shìtóu cháo xiàzǒu deér qiě duì zhí réncuò niàn chéngduì chēng rénliǎo。) ?” zhè hěn gāo xīng méi rén tīng shuō huàyīn wéiduì chēng rénzhè míng shí fēn zhèng què。“ xiǎng yīnggāi wèn men zhè guó jiā jiào shénme míng chēngtài tàiqǐng wèn nín zhī dào zhè shì xīn lánhái shì 'ào ?”( shuō zhè huà shíhái shì zhe xíng shì chéng xiǎng xiǎng kànzài kōng zhōng diào xià lái shí xíng zhè yàng de xíng ,)“ guǒ zhè yàng wènrén men dìng huì rèn wéi shì zhī de xiǎo niàn liyǒng yuǎn néng zhè yàng wèn huì kàn dào xiě zài 'ér de !”
   diào 'ādiào 'ādiào 'āchú zhī wàiméi bié de shì gān liǎoyīn guò huì 'ér 'ài yòu shuō huà liǎo:“ gǎn kěn dìngdài jīn wǎn dìng fēi cháng xiǎng niàn 。”( dài shì zhǐ māo)“ wàng men bié wàng liǎo chá shí gěi zhǔn bèi dié niú nǎidài qīn 'ài de duō me wàng diào dào zhè láitóng zài kōng zhōng méi yòu chī de xiǎo lǎo shǔ guò néng zhuō dào zhǐ biān yào zhī dào hěn xiàng lǎo shǔ shì māo chī chī biān ?” zhè shíài kāi shǐ shuì liǎo kùn shí hái zài shuō:“ māo chī biān māo chī biān ?” yòu shí yòu shuō chéng:“ biān chī māo ?” zhè liǎng wèn huí chū láisuǒ zěn me wèn dōuméi guān zhè shí hòu jīng shuì zhe liǎokāi shǐ zuò mèng lái liǎo mèng jiàn zhèng tóng dài shǒu zhuóshǒu zǒu zhebìng qiě hěn rèn zhēn wèn:“ dài gào chī guò biān ?, jiù zài zhè shí ránpēng shēng diào dào liǎo duī zhī bài shàng liǎozǒng suàn diào dào liǎo liǎo
   ài diǎn 'ér méi shuāi huài zhàn láixiàng shàng kàn kànhēi dòng dòng decháo qián kànshì hěn cháng de zǒu láng yòu kàn jiàn liǎo zhǐ bái zhèng máng máng cháo qián páozhè huí bié cuò guò shí ài xiàng zhèn fēng zhuī liǎo guò tīng dào zài guǎi wān shí shuō:“ āi de 'ěr duǒ xiàn zài tài chí liǎo!” zhè shí 'ài jīng hěn jìn liǎodàn shì dāng gǎn dào guǎi jiǎo què jiàn liǎo xiàn shì zài hěn cháng hěn de tīng dǐng shàng xuán guà zhe chuàn dēng tīng zhào liàng liǎo
   tīng zhōu dōushì ménquándōu suǒ zheài cóng zhè biān zǒu dào biāntuī tuī měi shàn mén kāi shāng xīn zǒu dào tīng zhōng jiānzhuó zhe gāi zěn me chū
   rán xiàn liǎo zhāng sān tiáo tuǐ de xiǎo zhuōzhuō shì zuò dezhuō shàng chú liǎo hěn xiǎo de jīn yàoshìshénme méi yòuài xià jiù xiǎng dào zhè yàoshì néng shì mén shàng de shìāi yào me jiù shì suǒ tài liǎoyào me jiù shì yàoshì tài xiǎo liǎo mén yòng shàng guòzài rào 'èr juàn shí rán xiàn gāng cái méi zhù dào de zhàng hòu miànyòu shàn yuē shí yīng cùn gāo de xiǎo mén yòng zhè xiǎo jīn yàoshì wǎng xiǎo mén de suǒ yǎn chātài gāo xīng liǎozhèng shì
   ài kāi liǎo mén xiàn mén wài shì tiáo xiǎo zǒu láng lǎo shǔ dòng hái xiǎo guì xià láishùn zhe zǒu láng wàng chū jiàn dào cóng méi jiàn guò de měi huā yuán duō xiǎng kāi zhè hēi 'àn de tīngdào xiē měi de huā qīng liáng de pēn quán zhōng wán shì mén kuàng lián nǎo dài guò lián de 'ài xiǎng:“ āijiù suàn tóu néng guò jiān bǎng gēn zhe guò méi yòng duō me wàng suō chéng wàng yuǎn jìng de xiǎo rén ài cháng cháng wàng yuǎn jìng dǎo zhe kàn qiē dōng biàn yòu yuǎn yòu xiǎosuǒ rèn wéi wàng yuǎn jìng rén fàng huò suō xiǎo。), xiǎng néng biàn xiǎo dezhǐ yào zhī dào biàn de fāng jiù xíng liǎo。” kàn lián chuàn guài de shìshǐ 'ài rèn wéi méi yòu shénme shì shì néng de liǎokàn láishǒu zài xiǎo mén bàng méi liǎo shì huí dào zhuō biān wàng hái néng zài zhǎo dào yàoshìzhì shǎo zhǎo dào běn jiào rén biàn chéng wàng yuǎn jìng xiǎo rén de shū zhè xiàn zhuō shàng yòu zhǐ xiǎo píngài shuō:“ zhè xiǎo píng gāng cái què shí zài zhè 。” píng kǒu shàng zhe zhāng xiǎo zhǐ tiáoshàng miàn yìn zhe liǎng hěn piào liàng de :“ ”。
   shuō dǎo cuò shì cōng míng de xiǎo 'ài huì máng zhe de shuō:“ xíng xiān kàn kànshàng miàn yòu méi yòu xiě zhe yàoliǎng 。” yīn wéi tīng guò xiē hěn jīng cǎi de xiǎo shìguān hái men zěn yàng bèi shāo shāngbèi shòu chī diào xiē lìng rén kuài de shì qíngsuǒ yòu zhè xiēdōushì yīn wéi zhè xiē hái men méi yòu zhù rén de huà huǒ gùn shí jiān tài jiǔ jiù huì shǒu shāo huàixiǎo dāo shǒu zhǐ jiù huì chū xuèděng děngài zhī dào liǎo xiě zhe yàopíng de yào shuǐchí zǎo huì shòu hài de
   rán 'ér píng shàng méi yòu yào yàngsuǒ 'ài mào xiǎn cháng liǎo chánggǎn dào fēi cháng hàochī hùn zhe yīng táo xiàn bǐngnǎi yóu dàn gāo luókǎo huǒ niú nǎi táng nǎi yóu miàn bāo de wèi dàoài kǒu jiù píng guāng liǎo
  “ duō me guài de gǎn jué !” ài shuō,“ dìng biàn chéng wàng yuǎn jìng de xiǎo rén liǎo。”
   díquè shì zhè yàng gāo xīng méi fēi xiàn zài zhǐ yòu shí yīng cùn gāo liǎo jīng dào 'ài de huā yuán liǎo guò yòu děng liǎo fēn zhōngkàn kàn huì huì suō xiǎo xià xiǎng dào zhè diǎn yòu diǎn 'ān liǎo。“ jiū jìng huì zěn me shōu chǎng ?” ài duì shuō,“ huò huì xiàng zhú de huǒ miáo yàngquán suō méi liǎo me huì zěn me yàng ?” yòu shì zhe xiǎng xiàng zhú miè liǎo hòu de huǒ yàn huì shì shénme yàng yīn wéi cóng lái méi yòu jiàn guò yàng de dōng
   guò liǎo xiǎo huìhǎo xiàng huì zài shēng shénme shì qíng liǎo jué dìng dào huā yuán shìāi lián de 'ài zǒu dào mén kǒu jué wàng liǎo xiǎo jīn yàoshìzài huí dào zhuō qián zhǔn bèi zài de shí hòuquè xiàn jīng gòu zhe yàoshì zhǐ néng tōng guò zhuō miàn qīng chǔ kàn dào jìn pān zhe zhuō tuǐ xiàng shàng shì zhuō tuǐ tài huá liǎo yòu liù liǎo xià láinòng jīng jié shìzhè lián de xiǎo jiā huǒ zuò zài shàng liǎo lái
  “ lái shì méi yòng de!” ài yán duì shuō,“ xiàn héngfēn zhōng nèi jiù tíng zhǐ !” jīng cháng 'ài gěi xià mìng lìngsuī rán hěn shǎo tīng cóng zhè zhǒng mìng lìng), yòu shí shèn zhì liǎo yòu tóng sài chuí qiúyóu piàn liǎo jiù liǎo 'ěr guāngzhè xiǎo hái hěn huān zhuāng chéng liǎng rén,“ dàn shì xiàn zài hái zhuāng shénme liǎng rén ?” lián de xiǎo 'ài xiǎng,“ āixiàn zài xiǎo lián zuò xiàng yàng de réndōu gòu liǎo。”
   huì 'ér de yǎn guāng luò zài zhuō xià miàn de xiǎo shàng kāi kàn miàn yòu kuài hěn xiǎo de diǎn xīndiǎn xīn shàng yòng táo gān jīng zhì qiàn zhechī liǎng ,“ hǎo jiù chī ,” ài shuō,“ guǒ shǐ biàn jiù néng gòu zhe yàoshì liǎo guǒ shǐ biàn gèng xiǎo jiù cóng mén féng xià miàn guò fǎn zhèng guǎn zěn yàngwǒdōu dào huā yuán liǎoyīn lùn zěn me biànwǒdōu zài 。”
   zhǐ chī liǎo xiǎo kǒujiù jiāo wèn :“ shì zhǒngbiàn hái shì biàn xiǎo?” yòng shǒu tóu dǐngxiǎng zhī dào biàn chéng zhǒng yàng shì fēi cháng guài diǎn méi biànshuō shí huàzhè běn lái shì chī diǎn xīn de zhèng cháng xiàn xiàng shì 'ài jīng guàn liǎo guài de shì liǎoshēng huó zhōng de zhèng cháng shì qíng dǎo xiǎn nán jiě liǎo
   shì yòu chī kāi liǎohěn kuài jiù kuài diǎn xīn chī wán liǎo


  Alice was beginning to get very tired of sitting by her sister on the bank, and of having nothing to do: once or twice she had peeped into the book her sister was reading, but it had no pictures or conversations in it, `and what is the use of a book,' thought Alice `without pictures or conversation?'
   So she was considering in her own mind (as well as she could, for the hot day made her feel very sleepy and stupid), whether the pleasure of making a daisy-chain would be worth the trouble of getting up and picking the daisies, when suddenly a White Rabbit with pink eyes ran close by her.
   There was nothing so VERY remarkable in that; nor did Alice think it so VERY much out of the way to hear the Rabbit say to itself, `Oh dear! Oh dear! I shall be late!' (when she thought it over afterwards, it occurred to her that she ought to have wondered at this, but at the time it all seemed quite natural); but when the Rabbit actually TOOK A WATCH OUT OF ITS WAISTCOAT- POCKET, and looked at it, and then hurried on, Alice started to her feet, for it flashed across her mind that she had never before seen a rabbit with either a waistcoat-pocket, or a watch to take out of it, and burning with curiosity, she ran across the field after it, and fortunately was just in time to see it pop down a large rabbit-hole under the hedge.
   In another moment down went Alice after it, never once considering how in the world she was to get out again.
   The rabbit-hole went straight on like a tunnel for some way, and then dipped suddenly down, so suddenly that Alice had not a moment to think about stopping herself before she found herself falling down a very deep well.
   Either the well was very deep, or she fell very slowly, for she had plenty of time as she went down to look about her and to wonder what was going to happen next. First, she tried to look down and make out what she was coming to, but it was too dark to see anything; then she looked at the sides of the well, and noticed that they were filled with cupboards and book-shelves; here and there she saw maps and pictures hung upon pegs. She took down a jar from one of the shelves as she passed; it was labelled `ORANGE MARMALADE', but to her great disappointment it was empty: she did not like to drop the jar for fear of killing somebody, so managed to put it into one of the cupboards as she fell past it.
   `Well!' thought Alice to herself, `after such a fall as this, I shall think nothing of tumbling down stairs! How brave they'll all think me at home! Why, I wouldn't say anything about it, even if I fell off the top of the house!' (Which was very likely true.)
   Down, down, down. Would the fall NEVER come to an end! `I wonder how many miles I've fallen by this time?' she said aloud. `I must be getting somewhere near the centre of the earth. Let me see: that would be four thousand miles down, I think--' (for, you see, Alice had learnt several things of this sort in her lessons in the schoolroom, and though this was not a VERY good opportunity for showing off her knowledge, as there was no one to listen to her, still it was good practice to say it over) `--yes, that's about the right distance--but then I wonder what Latitude or Longitude I've got to?' (Alice had no idea what Latitude was, or Longitude either, but thought they were nice grand words to say.)
   Presently she began again. `I wonder if I shall fall right THROUGH the earth! How funny it'll seem to come out among the people that walk with their heads downward! The Antipathies, I think--' (she was rather glad there WAS no one listening, this time, as it didn't sound at all the right word) `--but I shall have to ask them what the name of the country is, you know. Please, Ma'am, is this New Zealand or Australia?' (and she tried to curtsey as she spoke--fancy CURTSEYING as you're falling through the air! Do you think you could manage it?) `And what an ignorant little girl she'll think me for asking! No, it'll never do to ask: perhaps I shall see it written up somewhere.'
   Down, down, down. There was nothing else to do, so Alice soon began talking again. `Dinah'll miss me very much to-night, I should think!' (Dinah was the cat.) `I hope they'll remember her saucer of milk at tea-time. Dinah my dear! I wish you were down here with me! There are no mice in the air, I'm afraid, but you might catch a bat, and that's very like a mouse, you know. But do cats eat bats, I wonder?' And here Alice began to get rather sleepy, and went on saying to herself, in a dreamy sort of way, `Do cats eat bats? Do cats eat bats?' and sometimes, `Do bats eat cats?' for, you see, as she couldn't answer either question, it didn't much matter which way she put it. She felt that she was dozing off, and had just begun to dream that she was walking hand in hand with Dinah, and saying to her very earnestly, `Now, Dinah, tell me the truth: did you ever eat a bat?' when suddenly, thump! thump! down she came upon a heap of sticks and dry leaves, and the fall was over.
   Alice was not a bit hurt, and she jumped up on to her feet in a moment: she looked up, but it was all dark overhead; before her was another long passage, and the White Rabbit was still in sight, hurrying down it. There was not a moment to be lost: away went Alice like the wind, and was just in time to hear it say, as it turned a corner, `Oh my ears and whiskers, how late it's getting!' She was close behind it when she turned the corner, but the Rabbit was no longer to be seen: she found herself in a long, low hall, which was lit up by a row of lamps hanging from the roof.
   There were doors all round the hall, but they were all locked; and when Alice had been all the way down one side and up the other, trying every door, she walked sadly down the middle, wondering how she was ever to get out again.
   Suddenly she came upon a little three-legged table, all made of solid glass; there was nothing on it except a tiny golden key, and Alice's first thought was that it might belong to one of the doors of the hall; but, alas! either the locks were too large, or the key was too small, but at any rate it would not open any of them. However, on the second time round, she came upon a low curtain she had not noticed before, and behind it was a little door about fifteen inches high: she tried the little golden key in the lock, and to her great delight it fitted!
   Alice opened the door and found that it led into a small passage, not much larger than a rat-hole: she knelt down and looked along the passage into the loveliest garden you ever saw. How she longed to get out of that dark hall, and wander about among those beds of bright flowers and those cool fountains, but she could not even get her head though the doorway; `and even if my head would go through,' thought poor Alice, `it would be of very little use without my shoulders. Oh, how I wish I could shut up like a telescope! I think I could, if I only know how to begin.' For, you see, so many out-of-the-way things had happened lately, that Alice had begun to think that very few things indeed were really impossible.
   There seemed to be no use in waiting by the little door, so she went back to the table, half hoping she might find another key on it, or at any rate a book of rules for shutting people up like telescopes: this time she found a little bottle on it, (`which certainly was not here before,' said Alice,) and round the neck of the bottle was a paper label, with the words `DRINK ME' beautifully printed on it in large letters.
   It was all very well to say `Drink me,' but the wise little Alice was not going to do THAT in a hurry. `No, I'll look first,' she said, `and see whether it's marked "poison" or not'; for she had read several nice little histories about children who had got burnt, and eaten up by wild beasts and other unpleasant things, all because they WOULD not remember the simple rules their friends had taught them: such as, that a red-hot poker will burn you if you hold it too long; and that if you cut your finger VERY deeply with a knife, it usually bleeds; and she had never forgotten that, if you drink much from a bottle marked `poison,' it is almost certain to disagree with you, sooner or later.
   However, this bottle was NOT marked `poison,' so Alice ventured to taste it, and finding it very nice, (it had, in fact, a sort of mixed flavour of cherry-tart, custard, pine-apple, roast turkey, toffee, and hot buttered toast,) she very soon finished it off.
   * * * * * * *
   * * * * * *
   * * * * * * *
   `What a curious feeling!' said Alice; `I must be shutting up like a telescope.'
   And so it was indeed: she was now only ten inches high, and her face brightened up at the thought that she was now the right size for going through the little door into that lovely garden. First, however, she waited for a few minutes to see if she was going to shrink any further: she felt a little nervous about this; `for it might end, you know,' said Alice to herself, `in my going out altogether, like a candle. I wonder what I should be like then?' And she tried to fancy what the flame of a candle is like after the candle is blown out, for she could not remember ever having seen such a thing.
   After a while, finding that nothing more happened, she decided on going into the garden at once; but, alas for poor Alice! when she got to the door, she found she had forgotten the little golden key, and when she went back to the table for it, she found she could not possibly reach it: she could see it quite plainly through the glass, and she tried her best to climb up one of the legs of the table, but it was too slippery; and when she had tired herself out with trying, the poor little thing sat down and cried.
   `Come, there's no use in crying like that!' said Alice to herself, rather sharply; `I advise you to leave off this minute!' She generally gave herself very good advice, (though she very seldom followed it), and sometimes she scolded herself so severely as to bring tears into her eyes; and once she remembered trying to box her own ears for having cheated herself in a game of croquet she was playing against herself, for this curious child was very fond of pretending to be two people. `But it's no use now,' thought poor Alice, `to pretend to be two people! Why, there's hardly enough of me left to make ONE respectable person!'
   Soon her eye fell on a little glass box that was lying under the table: she opened it, and found in it a very small cake, on which the words `EAT ME' were beautifully marked in currants. `Well, I'll eat it,' said Alice, `and if it makes me grow larger, I can reach the key; and if it makes me grow smaller, I can creep under the door; so either way I'll get into the garden, and I don't care which happens!'
   She ate a little bit, and said anxiously to herself, `Which way? Which way?', holding her hand on the top of her head to feel which way it was growing, and she was quite surprised to find that she remained the same size: to be sure, this generally happens when one eats cake, but Alice had got so much into the way of expecting nothing but out-of-the-way things to happen, that it seemed quite dull and stupid for life to go on in the common way.
   So she set to work, and very soon finished off the cake.
'èr zhāng yǎn lèi de chí táng
  “ guài 'ā guài,” ài hǎn dào me jīng shà shíjìng shuō chéng huà liǎo,“ xiàn zài dìng biàn chéng zuì de wàng yuǎn jìng de rén liǎozài jiàn liǎo de shuāng jiǎo!” shì de jiǎoyuǎn kuài kàn jiàn liǎo。“ ò de lián de xiǎo jiǎo shuí zài gěi men chuān xié jìxiédài qīn 'ài de néng liǎo men tài yuǎn liǎoméi zài zhào men liǎo hòu men zhǐ hǎo zhào !…… dàn shì duì men hǎo xiē,” ài yòu xiǎng dào,“ fǒu men huì yuàn zǒu dào xiǎng de fāng deduì měi shèng dàn jié dìng yào sòng men shuāng xīn de cháng tǒng xuē。”
   pán suàn gāi zěn me sòng :“ chéng bāo guǒ gěi men,” xiǎng,“ duō huá gěi de jiǎo shǔ zhè zhǐ xiě lái tài liǎo
   biān jiǎo lán gān shàng
   ài de yòu jiǎo shōu
   ài
  “ òqīn 'ài de shuō de shénme fèi huà !” jiù zài zhè chà de tóu zhuàng dào liǎo tīng de dǐng shàng xiàn zài zhì shǎo yòu jiǔ yīng chǐ gāo liǎo máng xiǎo jīn yàoshì xiàng xiǎo huā yuán de mén páo
   lián de 'ài xiàn zài zuì duō zhǐ néng shēn tǎng zài xiàyòng zhǐ yǎn jīng wǎng huā yuán wànggèng méi yòu néng jìn liǎo shì yòu liǎo
  “ hài zǎo ?” ài duì shuō,“ xiàng zhè me de niànshuō hěn duì), hái yào shàng tíng zhǐ mìng lìng !” dàn hái tíng diào liǎo tǒng yǎn lèi hái zhí dào shēn biān chéng liǎo chí tángyòu yīng chǐ shēnbàn tīng biàn chéng chí táng liǎo
   guò liǎo huì 'ér tīng dào yuǎn chù qīng wēi de jiǎo shēng máng gān yǎn lèikàn kàn shuí lái liǎoyuán lái zhǐ xiǎo bái yòu huí lái liǎo bàn piào piào liàng liàng de zhǐ shǒu běn zhe shuāng bái yáng gāo shǒu tàolìng zhǐ shǒu zhe shàn zhèng máng máng xiǎo páo zhe guò láixiǎo bái biān zǒu biān nán nán shuō:“ ògōng jué réngōng jué rénāijiǎ hài jiǔ děng liǎo bié shēng !” ài hěn wàng lái rén bāng zhù yīn jiàn dào xiǎo bái hěn shī wàngdàn shì zài xiǎo bái zǒu jìn shí hái shì qiè shēng shēng xiǎo shēng shuō:“ láo jiàxiān shēng……” zhè xià liǎo tiàorēng diào liǎo bái gāo shǒu tào shàn pīn mìng páo jìn 'àn chù liǎo
   ài shí liǎo shàn shǒu tàozhè shí hěn jiù biān shān zhe shàn biān yán shuō:“ qīn 'ài deqīn 'ài dejīn tiān jìng shì guài shìzuó tiān hái shì me zhèng chángshì shì shēng de biàn huàràng xiǎng xiǎng zǎo chén lái shí shì shì hái shì xiǎng lái liǎozǎo chén jiù jué yòu diǎn duì tóudàn shìyào shì shì de huà me néng shì shuí āizhè zhēn shì 'ā!” shì jiù 'āi 'ér xiǎng xiāng tóng nián líng de hái shì biàn chéng liǎo men zhōng de liǎo
  “ gǎn shuō shì 'ài ,” ài shuō,“ yīn wéi shì cháng cháng de juǎnfàér de gēn běn juàn kěn dìng shì bèi 'ěryīn wéi zhī dào zhǒng xiáng de shì qíngér hēng shénme zhī dàoér qiě shì shì āi qīn 'ài de huò zhù liǎozhēn jiào rén shāng nǎo jīn shì shì kànhái guò zhī dào de shì qíngràng xiǎng xiǎng chéng shì shí 'èr chéng liù shì shí sān chéng …… āizhè yàng bèi xià yǒng yuǎn dào liǎo 'èr shíkuàng qiě chéng biǎo méi ràng shì shì zhī shí kànlún dūn shì de shǒu ér shì luó de shǒu luó shì…… quán cuò liǎo dìng dìng jīng biàn chéng liǎo bèi 'ěr liǎoràng zài shì shì bèixiǎo 'ě zěn yàng……》。” shì shǒu jiāo chā fàng zài gài shàngjiù xiàng bèi wén yàng běn zhèng jīng bèi lái liǎo de shēng yīn guài píng shí yàng
   xiǎo 'ě zěn yàng bǎo yǎng
   shǎn liàng de wěi
   luó shuǐ guàn jìn
   měi piàn jīn de lín jiá
   xiàode duō me kuài
   shēn kāi zhuǎzǐ de shì duō me wén
   zài huān yíng xiē xiǎo
   yóu jìn wēn róu wēi xiào zhe de zuǐ
  “ xiāng xìn bèi cuò liǎo。” lián de 'ài biān shuō zhe biān yòu diào xià liǎo yǎn lèi:“ dìng zhēn de chéng liǎo bèi 'ěr liǎo zhù zài fáng shénme wán méi yòuhái xué me duō de gōng xíng dìng zhù liǎo guǒ shì bèi 'ěr jiù dāi zài zhè jǐng xià men tóu shēn dào jǐng kǒu shuō:‘ shàng lái qīn 'ài de!” zhǐ wǎng shàng wèn men:‘ men xiān gào shì shuí guǒ biàn chéng huān de rén jiù shàng lái guǒ shì jiù zhí dāi zài zhè chú fēi zài biàn chéng shénme rén’…… shìqīn 'ài de!” ài rán lái:“ zhēn xiǎng ràng men lái jiào shàng shí zài yuàn líng líng dāi zài zhè 'ér liǎo。”
   shuō huà shí zhōng kàn liǎo xià de shǒujiàn dào zhǐ shǒu shàng dài liǎo xiǎo bái de bái yáng gāo shǒu tào guài liǎo,“ zhè zěn me gǎo de?” xiǎng,“ dìng yòu biàn xiǎo liǎo,” lái dào zhuō biānliàng liàng zhèng xiàng cāi de yàng xiàn zài yuē zhǐ yòu 'èr yīng cùn gāo liǎoér qiě hái zài xùn suō xià hěn kuài xiàn shì zhe de shàn zài zuò guài shì gǎn jǐn rēng diào shàn zǒng suàn kuàiyào jiù suō méi yòu liǎo
  “ hǎo xiǎn !” ài shuō zhēn de xià huài liǎodàn zǒng suàn hái cún zàiyīn hěn gāo xīng,“ xiàn zàigāi huā yuán liǎo!” fēi kuài guì dào xiǎo mén 'érdàn shìāi xiǎo mén yòu suǒ shàng liǎoxiǎo jīn yàoshì xiàng cóng qián yàng réng zài zhuō shàng。“ xiàn zài gèng zāo gāo liǎo,” lián de xiǎo 'ài xiǎng,“ yīn wéi hái méi yòu zhè yàng xiǎo guòcóng lái méi yòu zhòng gāi shuō zhè tài zāo liǎotài zāo liǎo!”
   shuō huà shí rán huá dǎo liǎo,“ tōng shēngxián xián de shuǐ jīng yān dào de xià liǎo niàn tóu shì diào jìn hǎi liǎo duì shuō:“ me zuò huǒ chē huí liǎo,” héng héng 'ài dào hǎi biān guòkàn dào hǎi bīn yòu duō chēhái men zài shā tān shàng yòng chǎn dòng wánhái yòu pái chū de zhù fángzhù fáng hòu miàn shì huǒ chē zhàn héng héng rán 'ér jiǔ jiù míng bái liǎo shì zài yǎn lèi de chí táng zhè shì jiǔ yīng chǐ gāo de shí hòu liú chū lái de yǎn lèi
  “ dàn yuàn gāng cái méi zhè me hài!” ài shuō huà shí lái huí yóu zhexiǎng zhǎo tiáo yóu chū xiàn zài shòu bào yìng liǎo de yǎn zhǎo kuài yào yān zhè yòu shì zhuāng guài shìshuō zhēn dejīn tiān jìn shì guài shì!”
   jiù zài zhè shí tīng dào yuǎn de fāng yòu huá shuǐ shēngjiù xiàng qián yóu xiǎng kàn kàn shì shénme chū wéi zhè dìng shì zhǐ hǎi xiàng huò zhě rán 'ér xiǎng shì duō me xiǎo de shí hòujiù míng bái liǎozhè guò shì zhǐ lǎo shǔshì xiàng yàng huá jìn shuǐ lái de
  “ lái yòu shénme yòng chù ?” ài xiǎng,“ tóng zhǐ lǎo shǔ jiǎng huà zhè jǐng xià de shì qíng dōushì me guài huì shuō huà de guǎn zěn yàngshì shì méi hài chù,” shìài jiù shuō,“ wèilǎo shǔ zhī dào cóng chí táng chū de jīng yóu hěn lěi liǎowèilǎo shǔ!” ài rèn wéi zhè shì tóng lǎo shǔ tán huà de fāng shì qián méi yòu zuò guò zhè zhǒng shì de dīng wén zhōng yòu:“ zhǐ lǎo shǔ…… zhǐ lǎo shǔ…… wèilǎo shǔ!” xiàn zài zhè lǎo shǔ kàn zhe hǎo xiàng hái zhǐ xiǎo yǎn jīng xiàng zhǎ liǎo zhǎdàn méi shuō huà
  “ dǒng yīng ,” ài xiǎng,“ shì tóng zhēng zhě wēi liánwēi lián( 1027 huò 1028-1087) yuán wéi nuò màn xiàn guó de nuò màn bàn dǎogōng juéhòu lái zhēng bìng tǒng liǎo yīng guó lái de,”( jìn guǎn 'ài yòu xiē shǐ zhī shí gǎo qīng zhè xiē shì qíng jīng duō jiǔ liǎo。) shì yòu yòng shuō:“ de māo zài ,” zhè shì de wén běn de huàlǎo shǔ tīng zhè huà rán tiào chū shuǐ miànxià hún shēn dǒuài shāng hài liǎo zhè lián de xiǎo dòng de gǎn qínggǎn kuài shuō:“ qǐng yuán liàng wàng liǎo huān māo。”
  “ huān māo!” lǎo shǔ dòng 'ér jiān shēng hǎn zhe,“ jiǎ shì de huà huān māo ?”
  “ ,” ài wèi zhe shuō,“ bié shēng de liǎo shì hái shì wàng néng gòu kàn dào de māo héng héngdài zhǐ yào kàn dào jiù huì huān māo liǎo shì duō me 'ài 'ér yòu 'ān jìng de xiǎo dōng 。” ài miàn lǎnsǎn yóu zhe miàn yán shuō,“ zuò zài huǒ biān lái zhēn hǎo wánhái shí tiǎn tiǎn zhuǎzǐ liǎn lái mián ruǎn 'àihái yòu zhuā lǎo shǔ lái zhēn shì hǎo yàng de……, òqǐng yuán liàng 。” zhè zhēn lǎo shǔ huài liǎoài yòu hǎn dào:“ guǒ gāo xīng de huàzán men jiù shuō liǎo。”
  “ hái shuōzán men!” lǎo shǔ hǎn zhelián wěi shāo dǒu liǎo,“ hǎo xiàng yuàn shuō shìde men jiā chóu hèn māozhè zhǒng kěwù dexià jiàn de de dōng zài bié ràng tīng dào zhè míng liǎo!”
  “ shuō liǎozhēn de!” ài shuō zhe máng gǎi biàn liǎo huà ,“ …… huān…… huān…… gǒu ?” lǎo shǔ méi huí shìài xīn shuō liǎo xià ,“ gào jiā yuǎn yòu zhǐ xiǎo gǒuhéng zhǐ yǎn qíng míng liàng de xiǎo liè gǒu zhī dào cháng zhe me cháng de zōng juàn máo hái huì jiē zhù rēng de dōng yòu huì zuò lái tǎo chī dehái huì wán shì yàng de shì nóng mín de zhī dào nóng mín shuō zhēn dǐng yòngyào zhí bǎi yīng bàng shuō hái néng shā diào suǒ yòu de lǎo shǔ…… òqīn 'ài de!” ài shāng xīn shuō,“ yòu shēng liǎo。” lǎo shǔ jīng pīn mìng yóu yuǎn liǎo yóu kāi shíhái nòng chí táng de shuǐ zhèn dòng
   ài gēn zài lǎo shǔ de hòu miàn róu shēng zhāo :“ lǎo shǔ 'āqīn 'ài de hái shì huí lái huān de huàzán men zài tán māo gǒu liǎo!” lǎo shǔ tīng liǎo zhè huàjiù zhuǎn guò shēn màn màn xiàng yóu lái liǎn cāng báiài xiǎng dìng shì chéng zhè yàng de), yòng 'ér chàn dǒu de shēng yīn shuō:“ ràng men shàng 'àn rán hòu jiāng de shǐ gào zhè yàng jiù huì míng bái wèishénme hèn māo gǒu liǎo。”
   zhēn shì gāi zǒu liǎoyīn wéi chí táng jīng yòu liǎo qún niǎo shòuyòu zhǐ héng zhǐ niǎo zhǒng xiàn jué zhǒng de niǎoyuán chǎn fēi zhōu máo qiú 。)、 zhǐ yīng zhǐ xiǎo yīng xiē guài de dòng ài lǐng zhe zhè qún niǎo shòu 'àn biān yóu


  `Curiouser and curiouser!' cried Alice (she was so much surprised, that for the moment she quite forgot how to speak good English); `now I'm opening out like the largest telescope that ever was! Good-bye, feet!' (for when she looked down at her feet, they seemed to be almost out of sight, they were getting so far off). `Oh, my poor little feet, I wonder who will put on your shoes and stockings for you now, dears? I'm sure _I_ shan't be able! I shall be a great deal too far off to trouble myself about you: you must manage the best way you can; --but I must be kind to them,' thought Alice, `or perhaps they won't walk the way I want to go! Let me see: I'll give them a new pair of boots every Christmas.'
   And she went on planning to herself how she would manage it. `They must go by the carrier,' she thought; `and how funny it'll seem, sending presents to one's own feet! And how odd the directions will look!
   ALICE'S RIGHT FOOT, ESQ. HEARTHRUG, NEAR THE FENDER, (WITH ALICE'S LOVE).
   Oh dear, what nonsense I'm talking!'
   Just then her head struck against the roof of the hall: in fact she was now more than nine feet high, and she at once took up the little golden key and hurried off to the garden door.
   Poor Alice! It was as much as she could do, lying down on one side, to look through into the garden with one eye; but to get through was more hopeless than ever: she sat down and began to cry again.
   `You ought to be ashamed of yourself,' said Alice, `a great girl like you,' (she might well say this), `to go on crying in this way! Stop this moment, I tell you!' But she went on all the same, shedding gallons of tears, until there was a large pool all round her, about four inches deep and reaching half down the hall.
   After a time she heard a little pattering of feet in the distance, and she hastily dried her eyes to see what was coming. It was the White Rabbit returning, splendidly dressed, with a pair of white kid gloves in one hand and a large fan in the other: he came trotting along in a great hurry, muttering to himself as he came, `Oh! the Duchess, the Duchess! Oh! won't she be savage if I've kept her waiting!' Alice felt so desperate that she was ready to ask help of any one; so, when the Rabbit came near her, she began, in a low, timid voice, `If you please, sir--' The Rabbit started violently, dropped the white kid gloves and the fan, and skurried away into the darkness as hard as he could go.
   Alice took up the fan and gloves, and, as the hall was very hot, she kept fanning herself all the time she went on talking: `Dear, dear! How queer everything is to-day! And yesterday things went on just as usual. I wonder if I've been changed in the night? Let me think: was I the same when I got up this morning? I almost think I can remember feeling a little different. But if I'm not the same, the next question is, Who in the world am I? Ah, THAT'S the great puzzle!' And she began thinking over all the children she knew that were of the same age as herself, to see if she could have been changed for any of them.
   `I'm sure I'm not Ada,' she said, `for her hair goes in such long ringlets, and mine doesn't go in ringlets at all; and I'm sure I can't be Mabel, for I know all sorts of things, and she, oh! she knows such a very little! Besides, SHE'S she, and I'm I, and--oh dear, how puzzling it all is! I'll try if I know all the things I used to know. Let me see: four times five is twelve, and four times six is thirteen, and four times seven is--oh dear! I shall never get to twenty at that rate! However, the Multiplication Table doesn't signify: let's try Geography. London is the capital of Paris, and Paris is the capital of Rome, and Rome--no, THAT'S all wrong, I'm certain! I must have been changed for Mabel! I'll try and say "How doth the little--"' and she crossed her hands on her lap as if she were saying lessons, and began to repeat it, but her voice sounded hoarse and strange, and the words did not come the same as they used to do:--
   `How doth the little crocodile Improve his shining tail, And pour the waters of the Nile On every golden scale!
   `How cheerfully he seems to grin, How neatly spread his claws, And welcome little fishes in With gently smiling jaws!'
   `I'm sure those are not the right words,' said poor Alice, and her eyes filled with tears again as she went on, `I must be Mabel after all, and I shall have to go and live in that poky little house, and have next to no toys to play with, and oh! ever so many lessons to learn! No, I've made up my mind about it; if I'm Mabel, I'll stay down here! It'll be no use their putting their heads down and saying "Come up again, dear!" I shall only look up and say "Who am I then? Tell me that first, and then, if I like being that person, I'll come up: if not, I'll stay down here till I'm somebody else"--but, oh dear!' cried Alice, with a sudden burst of tears, `I do wish they WOULD put their heads down! I am so VERY tired of being all alone here!'
   As she said this she looked down at her hands, and was surprised to see that she had put on one of the Rabbit's little white kid gloves while she was talking. `How CAN I have done that?' she thought. `I must be growing small again.' She got up and went to the table to measure herself by it, and found that, as nearly as she could guess, she was now about two feet high, and was going on shrinking rapidly: she soon found out that the cause of this was the fan she was holding, and she dropped it hastily, just in time to avoid shrinking away altogether.
   `That WAS a narrow escape!' said Alice, a good deal frightened at the sudden change, but very glad to find herself still in existence; `and now for the garden!' and she ran with all speed back to the little door: but, alas! the little door was shut again, and the little golden key was lying on the glass table as before, `and things are worse than ever,' thought the poor child, `for I never was so small as this before, never! And I declare it's too bad, that it is!'
   As she said these words her foot slipped, and in another moment, splash! she was up to her chin in salt water. Her first idea was that she had somehow fallen into the sea, `and in that case I can go back by railway,' she said to herself. (Alice had been to the seaside once in her life, and had come to the general conclusion, that wherever you go to on the English coast you find a number of bathing machines in the sea, some children digging in the sand with wooden spades, then a row of lodging houses, and behind them a railway station.) However, she soon made out that she was in the pool of tears which she had wept when she was nine feet high.
   `I wish I hadn't cried so much!' said Alice, as she swam about, trying to find her way out. `I shall be punished for it now, I suppose, by being drowned in my own tears! That WILL be a queer thing, to be sure! However, everything is queer to-day.'
   Just then she heard something splashing about in the pool a little way off, and she swam nearer to make out what it was: at first she thought it must be a walrus or hippopotamus, but then she remembered how small she was now, and she soon made out that it was only a mouse that had slipped in like herself.
   `Would it be of any use, now,' thought Alice, `to speak to this mouse? Everything is so out-of-the-way down here, that I should think very likely it can talk: at any rate, there's no harm in trying.' So she began: `O Mouse, do you know the way out of this pool? I am very tired of swimming about here, O Mouse!' (Alice thought this must be the right way of speaking to a mouse: she had never done such a thing before, but she remembered having seen in her brother's Latin Grammar, `A mouse--of a mouse--to a mouse--a mouse--O mouse!' The Mouse looked at her rather inquisitively, and seemed to her to wink with one of its little eyes, but it said nothing.
   `Perhaps it doesn't understand English,' thought Alice; `I daresay it's a French mouse, come over with William the Conqueror.' (For, with all her knowledge of history, Alice had no very clear notion how long ago anything had happened.) So she began again: `Ou est ma chatte?' which was the first sentence in her French lesson-book. The Mouse gave a sudden leap out of the water, and seemed to quiver all over with fright. `Oh, I beg your pardon!' cried Alice hastily, afraid that she had hurt the poor animal's feelings. `I quite forgot you didn't like cats.'
   `Not like cats!' cried the Mouse, in a shrill, passionate voice. `Would YOU like cats if you were me?'
   `Well, perhaps not,' said Alice in a soothing tone: `don't be angry about it. And yet I wish I could show you our cat Dinah: I think you'd take a fancy to cats if you could only see her. She is such a dear quiet thing,' Alice went on, half to herself, as she swam lazily about in the pool, `and she sits purring so nicely by the fire, licking her paws and washing her face--and she is such a nice soft thing to nurse--and she's such a capital one for catching mice--oh, I beg your pardon!' cried Alice again, for this time the Mouse was bristling all over, and she felt certain it must be really offended. `We won't talk about her any more if you'd rather not.'
   `We indeed!' cried the Mouse, who was trembling down to the end of his tail. `As if I would talk on such a subject! Our family always HATED cats: nasty, low, vulgar things! Don't let me hear the name again!'
   `I won't indeed!' said Alice, in a great hurry to change the subject of conversation. `Are you--are you fond--of--of dogs?' The Mouse did not answer, so Alice went on eagerly: `There is such a nice little dog near our house I should like to show you! A little bright-eyed terrier, you know, with oh, such long curly brown hair! And it'll fetch things when you throw them, and it'll sit up and beg for its dinner, and all sorts of things--I can't remember half of them--and it belongs to a farmer, you know, and he says it's so useful, it's worth a hundred pounds! He says it kills all the rats and--oh dear!' cried Alice in a sorrowful tone, `I'm afraid I've offended it again!' For the Mouse was swimming away from her as hard as it could go, and making quite a commotion in the pool as it went.
   So she called softly after it, `Mouse dear! Do come back again, and we won't talk about cats or dogs either, if you don't like them!' When the Mouse heard this, it turned round and swam slowly back to her: its face was quite pale (with passion, Alice thought), and it said in a low trembling voice, `Let us get to the shore, and then I'll tell you my history, and you'll understand why it is I hate cats and dogs.'
   It was high time to go, for the pool was getting quite crowded with the birds and animals that had fallen into it: there were a Duck and a Dodo, a Lory and an Eaglet, and several other curious creatures. Alice led the way, and the whole party swam to the shore.
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