首页>> 文化生活>>历史>> 童话>> 埃尔文·布鲁克斯·怀特 Elwyn Brooks White   美国 United States   冷战   (1899年7月11日1985年10月1日)
夏洛的网 Charlotte's Web
  《夏洛的网》这部作品初版于1952年,至2009年已有20多种译文,发行近千万册。虽然作者书写的是一个童话故事,但他给人以无限温情、感动和憧憬,是一部给大人阅读的童话。作者怀特用柔韧无比的蜘蛛丝编织了一张理想的、温暖的、美丽的、爱的大网,感动着世界无数的读者。这是一个善良的弱者之间相互扶持的故事,除了爱、友谊之外,这篇极抒情的童话里,还有一分对生命本身的赞美与眷恋。
  
  中文书名:《夏洛的网》
  作 者: E・B・怀特(美)
  译 者: 任溶溶
  I S B N: 9787532733415
  页 数: 181
  装 帧: 平装
  出 版 年: 2004-05
  所属类型:少儿/儿童文学/童话/
  适合阅读年龄:6岁以上
  出版社: 上海译文出版社
  
  一只名叫威尔伯的小猪和一只叫夏洛的蜘蛛成为朋友。小猪未来的命运是成为圣诞节时的盘中大餐,这个悲凉的结果让威尔伯心惊胆寒。它也曾尝试过逃跑,但它毕竟是一只猪。看似渺小的夏洛却说:“让我来帮你。”于是夏洛用它的网在猪棚中织出“王牌猪”、“朱克曼的名猪”等字样,那些被人类视为奇迹的字让威尔伯的命运整个逆转,终于得到了比赛的特别奖和一个安享天命的未来。但就在这时,蜘蛛夏洛的生命却走到了尽头……
  这是一个善良的弱者之间相互扶持的故事,除了爱、友谊之外,这篇极抒情的童话里,还有一分对生命本身的赞美与眷恋。
  《夏洛的网》-主要目录
  
  目录:
  1)早饭前 2)小猪威尔伯 3)逃走 4)孤独 5)夏洛 6)夏日 7)坏消息 8)家里的谈话 9)威尔伯说大话 10)臭蛋爆炸 11)奇迹 12)会议 13)进展顺利 14)多里安医生 15)蟋蟀
  关系表:
  约翰·阿拉布尔先生,阿拉布尔太太,多里安医生
  艾弗里——阿拉布尔夫妇的儿子,十岁 弗恩——阿拉布尔夫妇的女儿,八岁 霍默·L·朱克曼先生——弗恩的舅舅 伊迪丝·朱克曼太太——弗恩的舅妈 勒维——朱克曼夫妇的雇工 威尔伯——小猪 夏洛·阿·卡瓦蒂卡——蜘蛛 坦普尔顿——老鼠
  《夏洛的网》-书籍作者
  
  E.B.怀特(1899-1985) 生于纽约蒙特弗农,毕业于康奈尔大学。多年来他为《纽约人》杂志担任专职撰稿人。怀特是一位颇有造诣的散文家、幽默作家、诗人和讽刺作家。对于几代美国儿童来说,他之所以出名是因为写第一流的儿童读物《小斯图亚特》(1945年) 和《夏洛特的网》(1952年)。一代又一代学生和作者熟悉他,因为他是 《风格的要素》这本书的合著者 (兼修订者)。该书是关于作文和惯用法的很有价值的小册子,最初由在康奈尔大学教过怀特英语的小威廉.斯特朗克教授撰写。散文《自由》于1940年7月首先由《哈泼斯》杂志发表。当时美国尚未加入反对纳粹的战争,世界正处于纳粹──苏联条约的时期,无论左派或右派都忽略了极权主义对民主的威胁。这篇散文收入怀特的文集《一个人的肉食》(1942年)。
  《夏洛的网》-出版花絮
  
  美国作家E.B.怀特1952年的作品《夏洛的网》1979年曾出版过,但现在已经很难见到了。“这些年来总是找不到活着的感觉,看了《夏洛的网》,才知道生活是什么。”网络译本的翻译者肖毛就为了这样的感受,自己翻译并在网络上发布了这个经典童话,也带动起了一大批的“夏洛迷”。现在,这本被誉为“宝书 ”的《夏洛的网》经过长达五年的版权谈判,由著名儿童文学作家任溶溶、终于上海译文出版社出版。
  《夏洛的网》-成绩
  
  《夏洛的网》,一首关于生命,友情,爱与忠诚的赞歌。一部傲居“美国最伟大的十部儿童文学名著”首位的童话。风行世界五十年,发行千万册。
  《夏洛的网》-相关评价
  
  一)经过漫长的等待,世界经典童话《夏洛的网》终于在2004年5月由上海译文出版社引进出版,新版的译者是德高望重的儿童文学翻译家任溶溶先生。作为一本儿童文学名著,任溶溶先生的译本显然比旧译更加贴近儿童,但新译本能否完全取代旧译在读者心中的地位,还需要读者来作出判断。
  不过无论如何,终于能够读到《夏洛的网》,对读者来说确实是一件幸运的事情。 “这实在是一本宝书。我觉得在一个理想的世界里,应该只有两种人存在,一种是读过《夏洛的网》的人,另一种是将要读《夏洛的网》的人。有时候,半夜里醒过来,摸摸胸口还在跳,就会很高兴,因为活着就意味着还能再把《夏洛的网》读一遍,而读《夏洛的网》就意味着还活着。……从我第一次读《夏洛的网》到现在,几乎已经有20年过去了,我一直都没能搞明白,这部‘儿童文学’何以能够如此长久地令我着迷。” ——复旦大学中文系副教授 严锋
  
  二)这是一部非常优秀的童话,它的主题就是动物之间的友谊。怀特一生写过3部童话,这3部童话我都翻译过,相比而言,《夏洛的网》是其中最容易懂的,他的另外两部童话含义要更深一些。特别是《小老鼠斯图尔特》,当故事最后小老鼠上路去寻找的时候,那种气氛是非常忧伤的,怀特最终也没有告诉读者斯图尔特最后的寻找是不是有什么结果,这是一种很典型的“在路上”的感觉,而《夏洛的网》就要明亮得多,它的结尾是美好的,整个故事也非常清晰。——国内著名的儿童文翻译家之一任溶溶


  Charlotte's Web is an award-winning children's novel by acclaimed American author E. B. White, about a pig named Wilbur who is saved from being slaughtered by an intelligent spider named Charlotte. The book was first published in 1952, with illustrations by Garth Williams.
  
  The novel tells the story of a pig named Wilbur and his friendship with a barn spider named Charlotte. When Wilbur is in danger of being slaughtered by the farmer, Charlotte writes messages praising Wilbur (such as "Some Pig") in her web in order to persuade the farmer to let him live.
  
  Written in White's dry, low-key manner, Charlotte's Web is considered a classic of children's literature, enjoyable to adults as well as children. The description of the experience of swinging on a rope swing at the farm is an often cited example of rhythm in writing, as the pace of the sentences reflects the motion of the swing. Publishers Weekly listed the book as the best-selling children's paperback of all time as of 2000.
  
  Charlotte's Web was made into an animated feature by Hanna-Barbera Productions and Paramount Pictures in 1973. Paramount released a direct-to-video sequel, Charlotte's Web 2: Wilbur's Great Adventure, in the US in 2003 (Universal released the film internationally). A live-action film version of E. B. White's original story was released on December 15, 2006. A video game based on this adaption was also released on December 12.
  
  Plot summary
  
  The book begins when John Arable's sow gives birth to a litter of piglets, and Mr. Arable discovers one of them is a runt and decides to kill it. However, his eight year old daughter Fern begs him to let it live. Therefore her father gives it to Fern as a pet, and she names the piglet Wilbur. Wilbur is hyperactive and always exploring new things. He lives with Fern for a few weeks and then is sold to her uncle, Homer Zuckerman. Although Fern visits him at the Zuckermans' farm as often as she can, Wilbur gets lonelier day after day. Eventually, a warm and soothing voice tells him that she is going to be his friend. The next day, he wakes up and meets his new friend: Charlotte, the grey spider.
  
  Wilbur soon becomes a member of the community of animals who live in the cellar of Zuckerman's barn. When the old sheep in the barn cellar tells Wilbur that he is going to be killed and eaten at Christmas, he turns to Charlotte for help. Charlotte has the idea of writing words in her web extolling Wilbur's excellence ("some pig", "terrific", "radiant", and eventually "humble"), reasoning that if she can make Wilbur sufficiently famous, he will not be killed. Thanks to Charlotte's efforts, and with the assistance of the gluttonous rat Templeton, Wilbur not only lives, but goes to the county fair with Charlotte and wins a prize. Having reached the end of her natural lifespan, Charlotte dies at the fair. Wilbur repays Charlotte by bringing home with him the sac of eggs (her "magnum opus") she had laid at the fair before dying. When Charlotte's eggs hatch at Zuckerman's farm, most of them leave to make their own lives elsewhere, except for three: Joy, Aranea, and Nellie, who remain there as friends to Wilbur.
  Characters
  
   * Wilbur is a rambunctious pig, the runt of his litter, who loves life, even that of Zuckerman’s barn. He sometimes feels lonely or fearful.
  
   * Charlotte A. Cavatica , or simply Charlotte, is a spider who befriends Wilbur, who at first seems bloodthirsty due to her method of catching food.
  
   * Fern Arable, daughter of John Arable and Mrs. Arable, is the courageous eight-year-old girl who saves Wilbur in the beginning of the novel.
  
   * Templeton is a gluttonous rat who helps Charlotte and Wilbur only when offered food. He serves as a somewhat caustic, self-serving comic relief to the plot.
  
   * Avery Arable is the brother of Fern. He appears briefly throughout the novel.
  
   * Homer Zuckerman is Fern’s uncle who keeps Wilbur in his barn. He has a wife, Edith, and a hired man named Lurvy who helps out around the barn.
  
   * Other animals living in Zuckerman’s barn with whom Wilbur converses are a disdainful lamb, a goose who is constantly sitting on her eggs, and an old sheep.
  
   * Henry Fussy is a boy Fern’s age whom Fern becomes very fond of.
  
   * Uncle is Wilbur’s rival at the fair, a large pig whom Charlotte doesn’t consider to be particularly refined.
  
  History
  
  White's editor Ursula Nordstrom said that one day, in 1952, E.B. White handed her a new manuscript out of the blue, the only version of Charlotte's Web then in existence, which she read soon after and was hugely impressed with. Charlotte's Web was published three years after White began writing it.
  
  Since E. B. White published Death of a Pig in 1948, an account of how he failed to save a sick pig (which had been bought in order to be fattened up and butchered), Charlotte’s Web can be seen as White attempting "to save his pig in retrospect."
  
  When White met the spider who originally inspired Charlotte, he called her Charlotte Epeira (after Epeira sclopetaria, the Grey Cross spider, now known as Aranea sericata), later discovering that the more modern name for that genus was Aranea. In the novel, Charlotte gives her full name as "Charlotte A. Cavatica", revealing her as a barn spider, an orb-weaver with the scientific name Araneus cavaticus.
  
  The anatomical terms (such as those mentioned in the beginning of chapter nine) and other information that White used came mostly from American Spiders by Willis J. Gertsch and The Spider Book by John Henry Comstock, both of which combine a sense of poetry with scientific fact. White incorporated details from Comstock's accounts of baby spiders, most notably the "flight" of the young spiders and also the way one of them climbs to the top of a fence before launching itself into the air. White sent Gertsch’s book to Illustrator Garth Williams. Williams’ initial drawings depicted a spider with a woman’s face, and White suggested that he simply draw a realistic spider instead.
  
  White originally opened the novel with an introduction of Wilbur and the barnyard (which later became the third chapter), but then decided to begin the novel from a human perspective by introducing Fern and her family on the very first page. White’s publishers were at one point concerned with the book’s ending and tried to get White to change it.
  
  The author’s granddaughter, Martha White, thinks many children don’t necessarily see the book as set in Maine. Charlotte's Web has become White's most famous book. However, White treasured his privacy and the integrity of the farmyard and barn that helped inspire the novel, which have been kept off limits to the public according to his wishes.
  Reception
  
  Charlotte's Web was generally well-reviewed when it was released. In The New York Times, Eudora Welty wrote, "As a piece of work it is just about perfect, and just about magical in the way it is done." Aside from its paperback sales, Charlotte's Web is 78th on the all-time bestselling hardback book list. According to publicity for the 2006 film adaptation (see below), the book has sold more than 45 million copies and been translated into 23 languages. It was a Newbery Honors book for 1953, losing to Secret of the Andes by Ann Nolan Clark for the medal. In 1970, White won the Laura Ingalls Wilder Medal, a major prize in the field of children's literature, for Charlotte's Web, along with his first children's book, Stuart Little, published in 1945.
  
  Maria Nikolajeva (in her book The Rhetoric of Character in Children's Literature) calls the opening of the novel a failure because of White's begun and then abandoned human dimension involving Fern, which, she says, obscures any allegory to humanity, if one were to view the animals' story as such. Seth Lerer, in his book Children’s Literature, finds that Charlotte represents female authorship and creativity, and compares her to other female characters in children’s literature such as Jo March in Little Women and Mary Lennox in The Secret Garden. Nancy Larrick brings to attention the "startling note of realism" in the opening line, "Where's Papa going with that Ax?"
  
  Illustrator Henry Cole expressed his deep childhood appreciation of the characters and story, and calls Garth Williams' illustrations full of “sensitivity, warmth, humor, and intelligence.” Illustrator Diana Cain Blutenthal states that Williams' illustrations inspired and influenced her.
  
  There is an unabridged audio book read by White himself which reappeared decades after it had originally been recorded. Newsweek writes that White reads the story “without artifice and with a mellow charm,” and that “White also has a plangency that will make you weep, so don’t listen (at least, not to the sad parts) while driving.” Joe Berk, president of Pathway Sound, had recorded Charlotte’s Web with White in White’s neighbor's house in Maine (which Berk describes as an especially memorable experience) and released the book in LP. Bantam released Charlotte’s Web alongside Stuart Little on CD in 1991, digitally remastered, having acquired the two of them for rather a large amount.
  
  In 2005, a school teacher in California conceived of a project for her class in which they would send out hundreds of drawings of spiders (each representing Charlotte’s child Aranea going out into the world so that she can return and tell Wilbur of what she has seen) with accompanying letters; they ended up visiting a large number of parks, monuments and museums, and were hosted by and/or prompted responses from celebrities and politicians such as John Travolta and then First Lady Laura Bush.
  
  Maggie Kneen created full-color illustrations for a couple sections of the novel, which were published in picture book format as Wilbur's Adventure and Some Pig.
  Awards and nominations
  
   * Massachusetts Children's Book Award (1984)
   * Newbery Honor Book (1953)
   * Laura Ingalls Wilder Medal (1970)
   * Horn Book Fanfare
  
  Film adaptations
  1973 version
  Main article: Charlotte's Web (1973 film)
  
  The book was adapted into an animated feature by Hanna-Barbera Productions and Sagittarius Productions in 1973 with a song score by the Sherman Brothers.
  2003 sequel
  
  This is the sequel to the 1973 film, released direct-to-video by Paramount Pictures.
  2006 version
  
  Paramount Pictures, with Walden Media, Kerner Entertainment Company, and Nickelodeon Movies, produced a live-action/animated film starring Dakota Fanning as Fern and the voice of Julia Roberts as Charlotte, released on December 15, 2006.
  Video game
  
  A video game of the 2006 film was developed by Backbone Entertainment and published by THQ and Sega, and released on December 12, 2006 for the Game Boy Advance, Nintendo DS, PlayStation 2 and PC.
1. 早餐之前
  "爸爸拿着斧子去哪儿了?"在他们收拾桌子准备吃早饭时,芬问她的母亲。
   "去猪圈了,"阿拉贝尔太太回答。"昨晚生了几只小猪。"
   "我不明白他为什么需要一把斧子,"只有八岁的芬继续说。
   "哦",她的母亲说,"其中的一头是个小个子。它长得又小又弱,没有任何可留下来的价值了。所以你爸爸决定去消灭它。"
   "消灭它?"芬尖叫。"你是说杀死它?就因为他比别人的个子小?"
   阿拉贝尔太太把一罐乳酪放到桌上。"别嚷,芬!"她说。"你爸做的对。那头猪不论如何都会死的。"
   芬推开挡在面前的椅子就往门外跑。草地湿漉漉的,泥土里散发着春天的气息。等芬赶上她的爸爸时,她的运动胶鞋全都湿透了。
   "请别杀它!"她呜咽道。"这不公平!"
   阿拉贝尔先生止住了脚。
   "芬",他温柔地说,"你该学会自我控制。"
   "自我控制?"芬哭叫道,"这可是一件生死大事!你却对我说什么自我控制!"泪水流到芬的面颊上。她抓住了斧头柄,想把它从父亲手中抢下来。
   "芬",阿拉贝尔先生说,"养小猪的事我比你知道的多。一个体质差的小猪很难养活的。现在你该放我走了!"
   "可是这不公平,"芬哭叫着。"这头猪愿意让自己生下来就小吗,它愿意吗?如果我生下来时也很瘦小,你就会杀死我吗?"
   阿拉贝尔先生微笑了。"当然不会了,"他说着,低下头慈爱地望着女儿。"但这是不一样的。一个小女孩是一码事儿,一个小瘦猪是另一码事儿。"
   "我看没什么不一样,"芬回答着,仍死抓着斧柄不放。"这是我曾经听到过的最恐怖的案件!"
   约翰·阿拉贝尔先生的脸上出现了某种奇特的表情。他好像也要哭了。
   "好吧,"他说。"你先回家吧。等我回家,我会把那头小猪带回来。我将让你用奶瓶喂他,象喂婴儿一样。那时你就会明白一头小猪会多么麻烦了。"
   半小时后,阿拉贝尔先生胳膊下夹着一个纸板盒回了家。芬正在楼上换她的运动鞋。厨房的桌子上摆好了早餐,房间里都是咖啡,薰肉的香味,湿湿的灰泥味儿,还有从炉子里荡出来的柴火烟味儿。
   "把它放到她的椅子上!"阿拉贝尔太太说。阿拉贝尔先生把纸板盒放到芬的位子上。然后他到洗手池洗了手,用池边滚筒上的毛巾把手擦干。
   芬慢慢地下了楼。因为刚刚哭过,她的眼还是红红的。当她走近她的椅子,纸板盒开始晃动起来,里面传出了抓搔声。芬看了看她的父亲。然后她掀起了盒盖。从那里面打量着她的,正是那新生的小猪。它是白色的。早晨的阳光把它的耳朵映得粉红。
   "他是你的了,"阿拉贝尔先生说。"是你使他免于一死。愿上帝能原谅我这愚蠢的行为。"
   芬不错眼珠地看着这头小小猪。"哦,"她轻声赞美。"哦,看他呀!他漂亮极了。"
   她小心的关上了盖子。她先吻了爸爸,又吻了妈妈。然后她又揭开盖子,把小猪举起来,让他贴到自己的脸上。这时,她的哥哥埃弗里走了进来。埃弗里十岁了。他的身上可是全副武装呢--一只手里拿着气枪,一只手里攥着一把木制匕首。
   "那是什么?"他问。"芬得了什么了?"
   "她有了一位来吃早餐的客人,"阿拉贝尔太太说。"埃弗里,去洗手洗脸!"
   "让我看看它嘛!"埃弗里说着,放下他的枪。"你说这可怜的小东西是一头猪?这不过是一头猪的小型复制品而已--他还没有一只白老鼠大呢。"
   "去洗脸吃饭,埃弗里!"他的妈妈说。"半小时内校车就要来了。"
   "我也能有一头小猪吗,爸?"埃弗里问。
   "不,我只把小猪送给早起的人,"阿拉贝尔先生说。"为了制止这世界上的不公正行为,芬天刚亮就起床了。结果,她现在有了一头小猪。当然了,他的确是特别小,可不管怎么说这都是一头小猪。这只是表明,如果一个人能迅速地从床上爬起来,会有什么样的事情发生。让我们开饭吧!"
   但是芬要等到她的小猪喝完牛奶后才肯吃饭。阿拉贝尔太太找出了一个婴儿用的奶瓶和奶嘴儿。她把温乎乎的牛奶倒进奶瓶里,又把奶嘴儿安上,才把奶瓶递给了芬。"给他吃早餐吧!"她说。
   一分钟后,芬坐在厨房角落里的地板上,把她的小宝贝抱在膝头,开始教他如何从瓶中喝奶。这小猪虽然那么小,却有一个好胃口,而且也学得很快。
   路上响起了校车的喇叭声。
   "快跑!"阿拉贝尔太太命令着,把小猪从芬那里抱下来,将一张油煎圈饼放到她的手上。埃弗里赶忙抓起他的枪和另一张油煎圈饼。
   孩子们跑到路边,上了校车。在车里,芬没有注意其他的人。她只是坐在那里朝车窗外看,想着这是个多美好的世界,自己又是多么幸运,居然可以拥有一头小猪。在车开到学校的那一刻,芬已经给她的宝贝起好了名字,选的是她能想到的最漂亮的名字。
   "它的名字是威伯",她喃喃的自语。
   当老师在课堂里问她:"芬,宾夕法尼亚洲的首府叫什么?"时,她还在想着那头小猪。
   "威伯",芬出神的回答。同学们格格地笑起来。芬脸红了。


  Where's Papa going with that ax?" said Fern to her mother as they were setting the table for breakfast.
   "Out to the hoghouse," replied Mrs. Arable. "Some pigs were born last night."
   "I don't see why he needs an ax," continued Fern, who was only eight.
   "Well," said her mother, "one of the pigs is a runt. It's very small and weak, and it will never amount to anything. So your father has decided to do away with it."
   "Do away with it?" shrieked Fern. "You mean kill it? Just because it's smaller than the others?"
   Mrs. Arable put a pitcher of cream on the table. "Don't yell, Fern!" she said. "Your father is right. The pig would probably die anyway."
   Fern pushed a chair out of the way and ran outdoors. The grass was wet and the earth smelled of springtime. Fern's sneakers were sopping by the time she caught up with her father.
   "Please don't kill it!" she sobbed. "It's unfair."
   Mr. Arable stopped walking.
   "Fern," he said gently, "you will have to learn to control yourself."
   "Control myself?" yelled Fern. "This is a matter of life and death, and you talk about _controlling myself." Tears ran down her cheeks and she took hold of the ax and tried to pull it out of her father's hand.
   "Fern," said Mr. Arable, "I know more about raising a litter of pigs than you do. A weakling makes trouble. Now run along!"
   "But it's unfair," cried Fern. "The pig couldn't help being born small, could it? If I had been very small at birth, would you have killed me?"
   Mr. Arable smiled. "Certainly not," he said, looking down at his daughter with love. "But this is different. A little girl is one thing, a little runty pig is another."
   "I see no difference," replied Fern, still hanging on to the ax. "This is the most terrible case of injustice I ever heard of."
   A queer look came over John Arable's face. He seemed almost ready to cry himself.
   "All right," he said. "You go back to the house and I will bring the runt when I come in. I'll let you start it on a bottle, like a baby. Then you'll see what trouble a pig can be."
   When Mr. Arable returned to the house half an hour later, he carried a carton under his arm. Fern was upstairs changing her sneakers. The kitchen table was set for breakfast, and the room smelled of coffee, bacon, damp plaster, and wood smoke from the stove.
   "Put it on her chair!" said Mrs. Arable. Mr. Arable set the carton down at Fern's place. Then he walked to the sink and washed his hands and dried them on the roller towel.
   Fern came slowly down the stairs. Her eyes were red from crying. As she approached her chair, the carton wobbled, and there was a scratching noise. Fern looked at her father. Then she lifted the lid of the carton. There, inside, looking up at her, was the newborn pig. It was a white one. The morning light shone through its ears, turning them pink.
   "He's yours," said Mr. Arable. "Saved from an untimely death. And may the good Lord forgive me for this foolishness."
   Fern couldn't take her eyes off the tiny pig. "Oh," she whispered. "Oh, look at him! He's absolutely perfect."
   She closed the carton carefully. First she kissed her father, then she kissed her mother. Then she opened the lid again, lifted the pig out, and held it against her cheek. At this moment her brother Avery came into the room. Avery was ten.
   He was heavily armed - an air rifle in one hand, a wooden dagger in the other.
   "What's that?" he demanded. "What's Fern got?"
   "She's got a guest for breakfast," said Mrs. Arable. "Wash your hands and face, Avery!"
   "Let's see it!" said Avery, setting his gun down. "You call that miserable thing a pig? That's a fine specimen of a pig it's no bigger than a white rat."
   "Wash up and eat your breakfast, Avery!" said his mother.
   "The school bus will be along in half an hour."
   "Can I have a pig, too, Pop?" asked Avery.
   "No, I only distribute pigs to early risers," said Mr. Arable. "Fern was up at daylight, trying to rid the world of injustice. As a result, she now has a pig. A small one, to be sure, but nevertheless a pig. It just shows what can happen if a person gets out of bed promptly. Let's eat!"
   But Fern couldn't eat until her pig had had a drink of milk.
   Mrs. Arable found a baby's nursing bottle and a rubber nipple. She poured warm milk into the bottle, fitted the nipple over the top, and handed it to Fern. "Give him his breakfast!" she said.
   A minute later, Fern was seated on the floor in the corner of the kitchen with her infant between her knees, teaching it to suck from the bottle. The pig, although tiny, had a good appetite and caught on quickly.
   The school bus honked from the road.
   "Run!" commanded Mrs. Arable, taking the pig from Fern and slipping a doughnut into her hand. Avery grabbed his gun and another doughnut.
   The children ran out to the road and climbed into the bus. Fern took no notice of the others in the bus. She just sat and stared out of the window, thinking what a blissful world it was and how lucky she was to have entire charge of a pig. By the time the bus reached school, Fern had named her pet, selecting the most beautiful name she could think of.
   "Its name is Wilbur," she whispered to herself.
   She was still thinking about the pig when the teacher said: "Fern, what is the capital of Pennsylvania?"
   "Wilbur," replied Fern, dreamily. The pupils giggled. Fern blushed.
2. 威伯
  芬爱威伯胜过了一切。她喜欢抚摩着他,喂他,抱他上床睡觉。每天早晨,只要她一起床,就亲自给他热牛奶,再为他系上围嘴儿,为他拿着瓶子。每天下午,当校车停到她家门前,她就会跳下车,跑到厨房为他准备另一瓶牛奶。晚饭时她还要一遍遍地喂他,直到上床就寝前为止。每天下午,芬刚离开学校的时候,阿拉贝尔太太就替芬喂威伯。威伯虽然喜欢喝奶,但只有芬为他热奶时,他才感到莫大的幸福,这时他会站起来,用充满深情的眼睛注视着她。
   在威伯出生后的最初数天里,他被允许住在厨房火炉旁的盒子里。可后来,阿拉贝尔太太开始抱怨说,他该搬到柴棚那儿的大一点的房子里去住。因此在两周大的时候,他被挪到了户外。已经快到苹果树开花的时候了,天气正在变暖。阿拉贝尔先生在苹果树下为威伯特别圈了一座小院子,在里面给他搭了一个铺满稻草的大房子,房子底下还留出一个小门,如果他高兴,他可以随时从中进出。
   "他在夜里不会冷吗?"
   "不会的,"她的父亲说,"你只要看他都在做什么就知道了。"
   芬拿了一瓶牛奶,坐到小院子里的苹果树下。威伯立刻朝她跑过来,她握住奶瓶喂他喝。吸吮完最后一滴后,威伯打着满意的呼噜,睡意朦胧地踱进小房子里去了。芬趴在房门口往里窥视。见威伯正用他的鼻子拱那些稻草。只一小会儿,他就在稻草间掘出了一个坑。他爬进坑里,完全被稻草盖住了,就此从芬的视线里消失。芬简直看入迷了。她这才放了心,因为她知道她的宝宝睡得既舒服又暖和。
   每天早饭后,威伯都和芬一起走到路上,直到校车开来。等她挥手和他说完再见,他便站在那里望着汽车,直到车拐个弯儿开远。当芬上学时,威伯就被关到他的院子里。但只要下午芬一回来,她就会把他领出来,他便跟着她到处溜达。如果她进屋,威伯便也跟着往里走;如果她上了楼,威伯便在台阶上等着,直到她再次走下来;如果她用婴儿车带着自己的玩具娃娃去散步,威伯也会在后面跟着。有时,威伯有点儿走累了,芬就把他抱起来,放到车里的娃娃边上。他很喜欢这样。如果他非常的累,他就闭上眼睛,在娃娃身上蒙着的毯子下进入梦乡。他闭着眼的时候看起来格外的酷,因为他的眼毛是那么的长。娃娃也会闭眼睛呢。这时芬就会慢慢的、稳稳的推着小车,以免把她的宝宝们从梦中摇醒。
   一个温暖的下午,芬和埃弗里穿上他们的游泳衣去小河边游泳。威伯也紧紧在芬的脚后跟着,和她一齐涉进水里。可他感觉水很凉--凉得让他非常不喜欢。所以当孩子们开始游泳并互相撩水玩儿时,威伯就在河边的泥地上玩,那里又暖又湿,让他很开心。
   每日都是快乐的,每夜都是宁静的。
   因为生在春天,所以威伯是头农夫们所谓的"春猪"。当他有五星期大时,阿拉贝尔先生说,他现在大得可以出卖了,因此应该被卖掉。芬听后,放声大哭起来。但她的父亲却还是坚持要卖威伯。威伯的食量变大了,除了牛奶他也开始吃散碎的食物了,阿拉贝尔先生不愿意再养他。他已经卖掉了威伯的十个哥哥姐姐了。
   "他必须得走,芬,"他说。"你已经体验到了养小猪的乐趣了,可威伯不再是小猪了,得被卖掉才行。"
   "给祖克曼舅舅打个电话,"阿拉贝尔太太对芬建议。"你霍默舅舅也养过猪。如果威伯卖到他那里,你就能顺着小路去看威伯了--只要你愿意的话。"
   "我该向他要多少钱呢?"芬很想知道这一点。
   "该要多少呢,"她的父亲说,"他长得这么瘦。告诉你霍默舅舅,你有一头小猪,只卖他六美元,看他有什么意见。"
   这事一会儿就办妥了。伊迪丝舅妈听到芬打来的电话,便大声的叫在谷仓干活的霍默舅舅来听。当他听说小猪只卖六美元时,便说他决定买下了。第二天,威伯被从他在苹果树下的小房子里带走,住进了祖克曼先生的谷仓下面,地窖里的牛粪堆旁。


  Fern loved Wilbur more than anything. She loved to stroke him, to feed him, to put him to bed. Every morning, as soon as she got up, she warmed his milk, tied his bib on, and held the bottle for him. Every afternoon, when the school bus stopped in front of her house, she jumped out and ran to the kitchen to fix another bottle for him. She fed him again at suppertime, and again just before going to bed. Mrs. Arable gave him a feeding around noontime each day, when Fern was away in school. Wilbur loved his milk, and he was never happier than when Fern was warming up a bottle for him. He would stand and gaze up at her with adoring eyes.
   For the first few days of his life, Wilbur was allowed to live in a box near the stove in the kitchen. Then, when Mrs. Arable complained, he was moved to a bigger box in the woodshed. At two weeks of age, he was moved outdoors. It was apple-blossom time, and the days were getting warmer. Mr. Arable fixed a small yard specially for Wilbur under an apple tree, and gave him a large wooden box full of straw, with a doorway cut in it so he could walk in and out as he pleased.
   "Won't he be cold at night?" asked Fern.
   "No," said her father. "You watch and see what he does."
   Carrying a bottle of milk, Fern sat down under the apple tree inside the yard. Wilbur ran to her and she held the bottle for him while he sucked. When he had finished the last drop, he grunted and walked sleepily into the box. Fern peered through the door. Wilbur was poking the straw with his snout. In a short time he had dug a tunnel in the straw. He crawled into the tunnel and disappeared from sight, completely covered with straw.
   Fern was enchanted. It relieved her mind to know that her baby would sleep covered up, and would stay warm.
   Every morning after breakfast, Wilbur walked out to the road with Fern and waited with her till the bus came. She would wave good-bye to him, and he would stand and watch the bus until it vanished around a turn. While Fern was in school, Wilbur was shut up inside his yard. But as soon as she got home in the afternoon, she would take him out and he would follow her around the place. If she went into the house, Wilbur went, too. If she went upstairs, Wilbur would wait at the bottom step until she came down again. If she took her doll for a walk in the doll carriage, Wilbur followed along. Sometimes, on these journeys, Wilbur would get tired, and Fern would pick him up and put him in the carriage alongside the doll. He liked this. And if he was very tired, he would close his eyes and go to sleep under the doll's blanket. He looked cute when his eyes were closed, because his lashes were so long. The doll would close her eyes, too, and Fern would wheel the carriage very slowly and smoothly so as not to wake her infants.
   One warm afternoon, Fern and Avery put on bathing suits and went down to the brook for a swim. Wilbur tagged along at Fern's heels. When she waded into the brook, Wilbur waded in with her. He found the water quite cold - too cold for his liking. So while the children swam and played and splashed water at each other, Wilbur amused himself in the mud along the edge of the brook, where it was warm and moist and delightfully sticky and oozy.
   Every day was a happy day, and every night was peaceful.
   Wilbur was what farmers call a spring pig, which simply means that he was born in springtime. When he was five weeks old, Mr. Arable said he was now big enough to sell, and would have to be sold. Fern broke down and wept. But her father was firm about it. Wilbur's appetite had increased; he was beginning to eat scraps of food in addition to milk. Mr. Arable was not willing to provide for him any longer. He had already sold Wilbur's ten brothers and sisters.
   "He's got to go, Fern," he said. "You have had your fun raising a baby pig, but Wilbur is not a baby any longer and he has got to be sold."
   "Call up the Zuckermans," suggested Mrs. Arable to Fern. "Your Uncle Homer sometimes raises a pig. And if Wilbur goes there to live, you can walk down the road and visit him as often as you like."
   "How much money should I ask for him?" Fern wanted to know.
   "Well," said her father, "he's a runt. Tell your Uncle Homer you've got a pig you'll sell for six dollars, and see what he says."
   It was soon arranged. Fern phoned and got her Aunt Edith, and her Aunt Edith hollered for Uncle Homer, and Uncle Homer came in from the barn and talked to Fern. When he heard that the price was only six dollars, he said he would buy the pig. Next day Wilbur was taken from his home under the apple tree and went to live in a manure pile in the cellar of Zuckerman's barn.
首页>> 文化生活>>历史>> 童话>> 埃尔文·布鲁克斯·怀特 Elwyn Brooks White   美国 United States   冷战   (1899年7月11日1985年10月1日)