shǒuyè>> >> 外国经典>> zhòng Alexandre Dumas père   guó France   shí jiǔ shì de guó   (1802niánqīyuè24rì1870niánshíèryuè5rì)
sān jiàn The Three Musketeers
  《 sān jiàn shì 17 shì chū guó guó wáng shí sān shǒu zhòng bīngquán qīng cháo de shǒuxiàng sài liú hóng zhù jiào de máo dùn wéi bèi jǐngchuān chā qún chén pài de míng zhēng 'àn dǒuwéi rào gōng tíng de shǐ wénzhǎn kāi liǎo ráo wèi de shìshū zhōng de zhù rén gōng shàonián yǒng shì 'ánghuái chuài liú gěi de shí 'āi cháng máo shòu gào bié qīnyuǎn wàng zài tóng xiāng zhí de léi wéi 'ěr wéi duì cháng de guó wáng huǒ qiāng duì dāng míng huǒ qiāng shǒuzài duì cháng shàng shàng 'ā tuō tuō 'ā sān huǒ qiāng shǒutōng guò 'ōu zhōu shì fēng xíng de jué dǒu rén jié chéng shēng gòng de zhī
   shíguó wáng shí sānwáng hòu 'ān · ào shǒuxiàng sài liú sān fēn guó quán yòu guó wáng duì 'áng bài shǒuxiàng xià 'àn bāo jiǎngér shǒuxiàng què huái hèn zài xīnqià féng 'ān · ào wáng hòu de jiù shí qíng rén yīng guó bái jīn hàn gōng jué duì qíng wèi duànwáng hòu biàn jīn gāng zuàn zhuì xiāng zèng biǎo huái niànzhù jiào suì yòng gòu xiànxiàng guó wáng jìn chán yányào guó wáng pài rén zhì gōng tíng huìràng wáng hòu pèi dài guó wáng sòng gěi de tiáo jīn gāng zuàn zhuì zhèng shíwáng hòu yǎn jiàn huì jìnhuáng rán xìng xīn shì xiàn shè qǐng 'áng bāng máng xiāng zhù 'áng duì jiàn zhōng qíng xiāng jiàn hèn wǎnbiàn rén 'ān wēimǎn kǒu dāyìngzài sān péng yǒu de quán zhī chí xià rén fēn tóu yīngjīng guò zhé de nánwéi yòu 'áng xiàng bái jīn hàn shuō míng yuán wěi shí suǒ huí jīn gāng zuàn zhuìjiě jiù liǎo wáng hòu de rán méi zhī fěn suì liǎo hóng zhù jiào de yīn móu guǐ
   hóng zhù jiào sài liú duì 'ān · ào zǎo yòu dàn zhí wèi huò wáng hòu chuí qīng shì huǒ zhōng shāo hèn qíng bái jīn hàn gōng jué yòng xīn jiù jiào de máo dùn yǐn de yīng zhàn zhēngwàng chú diào bái jīn hàn jiě xīn tóu zhī hènwéi mùdì wǎng luó xīn dǎng zhōng zuì de qīn xìn biàn shì jiā tiān shēng zhìyàn ruò táo dàn què liǎng miàn sān dāokǒu jiànxīn hěn shǒu shé xiē 'áng wéi měi mào suǒ dòngqiǎo gòu móuqián nèi shìyòu shī shēnjiù zài yún jiāo huān zhī zhōng 'áng 'ǒu rán xiàn jiān lào duǒ bǎi huā shì dāng shí 'ōu zhōu fàn zuì de chǐ xíng yǐn cáng shù nián de zhè de bào shǐ duì 'áng hèn zhī gòng dài tiān shè xiàn jǐng 'àn hàidàn jūn wèi chéng gōng
   zài wéi kùn luó shè 'ěr chéng wéi zhàn shì jiāo diǎn de yīng duì lěi zhōng sài liú bái jīn hàn wéi liǎng guó guà shàng zhèn de zhù shuài sài liú 'àn pài yīng chéng xíng bái jīn hàn chū shā 'áng wéi jiāo huàn tiáo jiàn shàng yīng guó de bèi xiān dào 'áng tōng zhī de wēn xūn jué zhuā huòsuì zāo ruǎn jìnqiú jìn zhōng jìn mài nòng fēng sāo huā yán qiǎo zhī néng shìyòu huò liǎo wēn xūn jué de xīn kānshǒu fèi 'ěr dùnhòu zhě gào fèn yǒng jiù chū huòbìng jiǎo xìng liǎo bái jīn hàn zài guī zhōngqiǎo jìn xiū dào yuànzhǎo dào liǎo shòu wáng hòu pài rén de 'áng de qíng jiāng 'ángā tuō tuō ā wèi péng yǒu zhòu jiān chéng zhuī zōnghuì tóng wēn xūn jué míng guì shǒuzhōng zài pàn zhuā dào qián táo shí de liù wèi chóu rén tǎo gòng zhūjiē kāi liǎo de lǎo yuán lái zǎo dùn kōng méndàn gān qīng chūn yòu huò liǎo xiǎo jiào shì tóng yīn bài huài jiào mén qīng guījiào shì shēn xiàn líng bèi guì shǒu héng héng xiǎo jiào shì de bāo xiōng lào xià liǎo duǒ bǎi huājiào shì yuè táo páoxié dài bēn xiāngguì shǒu yīn shòu zhū lián dǐng zuìzài xiāng xián pín 'ài yòu pāo liǎo xiǎo jiào shì dāng wèi shàonián fèi 'ěr jué jié hūnnòng hòu zhě qīng jiā dàng chǎn yòu 'ér fèi 'ěr jué hèn zhī qièqièbiàn huà míng 'ā tuō tóu jūnjìn liǎo guó wáng huǒ qiāng duì wèi shī liàn shòu piàn zhī táo dào yīng guópiàn wēn xūn jué xiōng zhī 'ài chéng hūnbìng shēng yòu dàn wèile zhàn zhàng xiōng zhī chǎn yòu móu hài liǎo 'èr zhàng zuì 'è lěi lěitiān rén yuàndāng zài pàn bèi shā zhèng zhì 'ángā tuō tuō ā wēn xūn jué guì shǒu bào chóu xuě hènliǎo què yuàn
   sài liú zhī xīn hài shì zhōng 'áng shì zhù móubiàn mìng qīn xìn luó shí 'ěr jiāng zhuō 'áng bēi kàngtǎn yán xiāng chénmíng shì yuán wěi sài liú jiàn shì guī yǒng shuāngshàonián yòu wéishēn wéi gǎn dòngfēi dàn jiā zuì xíng zhūfǎn 'ér zhuó shēng huǒ qiāng duì guānā tuō tuō ā sān rén huò guī xiāng huò shuāng huò guī jiào ménpíng piāo fēiquán shū jiù jié
  
  《 sān jiàn shì shǐ xiǎo shuōdàn zuò zhě zhòng shǐzài chǔ shàng tiān jiā fēng de xiǎng xiàng shǐ chéng wéi yǐn rén shèng de xiá shì xiǎo shuōzhì jīn réng wéi rén men suǒ 'ài


  The Three Musketeers (French: Les Trois Mousquetaires) is a novel by Alexandre Dumas, père, first serialized in March–July 1844. Set in the 17th century, it recounts the adventures of a young man named d'Artagnan after he leaves home to become a guard of the musketeers. D'Artagnan is not one of the musketeers of the title; those are his friends Athos, Porthos, and Aramis, inseparable friends who live by the motto "all for one, one for all" ("tous pour un, un pour tous").
  
  The story of d'Artagnan is continued in Twenty Years After and The Vicomte of Bragelonne: Ten Years Later. Those three novels by Dumas are together known as the d'Artagnan Romances.
  
  The Three Musketeers was first published in serial form in the magazine Le Siècle between March and July 1844.
  
  Origin
  
  In the very first sentences of his preface Alexandre Dumas indicated as his source Mémoires de Monsieur d'Artagnan, printed by Pierre Rouge in Amsterdam. It was in this book, he said, that d'Artagnan relates his first visit to M. de Tréville, captain of the Musketeers, where in the antechamber he met three young men with the names Athos, Porthos and Aramis. This information struck the imagination of Dumas so much—he tells us—that he continued his investigation and finally encountered once more the names of the three musketeers in a manuscript with the title Mémoire de M. le comte de la Fère, etc.. Elated—so continues his yarn—he asked permission to reprint the manuscript. Permission granted:
  
   "Well, it is the first part of this precious manuscript that we offer today to our readers, while giving it back its more convenient title and under the engagement to publish immediately the second part should this first part be successful. In the meantime, as the godfather is as good as a second father, we invite the reader to address himself to us, and not to the Comte de La Fère, about his pleasure or boredom. This being said, let's get on with our story."
  
  The book he referred to was Mémoires de M .d'Artagnan, capitaine lieutenant de la première compagnie des Mousquetaires du Roi (Memoirs of Mister d'Artagnan, Lieutenant Captain of the first company of the King's Musketeers) by Gatien de Courtilz de Sandras (Cologne, 1700). The book was borrowed from the Marseille public library, and the card-index remains to this day; Dumas kept the book when he went back to Paris.
  
  Attention to the extent of Dumas' preface is called for when compared with the recent analysis (2008) of the book's origin by Roger MacDonald in his The Man in the Iron Mask:The True Story of the Most Famous Prisoner in History and the Four Musketeers where the identity of the man in the iron mask is presented as real history.
  
  Following Dumas's lead in his preface, Eugène d'Auriac (de la Bibliothèque Royale) in 1847 was able to write the biography of d'Artagnan: d'Artagnan, Capitaine-Lieutenant des Mousquetaires – Sa vie aventureuse – Ses duels – etc. based on Courtilz de Sandras. This work and especially its introduction with reference to the preface is uncited by MacDonald.
  Plot summary
  Plot brief
  
  The poor d'Artagnan travels to Paris to join the Musketeers. He suffers misadventure and is challenged to a duel by each of three musketeers (Athos, Aramis and Porthos). Attacked by the Cardinal's guards, the four unite and escape.
  
  D'Artagnan and his new love interest, Constance, help the French queen give a particular piece of jewellery to her paramour, the Duke of Buckingham. The Cardinal learns of this and coaxes the French king to hold a ball where the queen must wear the jewellery; its absence will reveal her infidelity. The four companions retrieve the jewellery from England.
  
  The Cardinal kidnaps Constance who is later rescued by the queen. D'Artagnan meets Milady de Winter and discovers she is a felon, the ex-wife of Athos and the widow of Count de Winter. The Cardinal recruits Milady to kill Buckingham, also granting her a hand-written pardon for the future killing of d'Artagnan. Athos learns of this, takes the pardon but is unable to warn Buckingham. He sends word to Lord de Winter that Milady is arriving; Lord de Winter arrests her on suspicion of killing Count de Winter, his brother.
  
  She seduces her guard and escapes to the monastery in France where the queen secreted Constance. Milady kills Constance. The four companions arrive and Athos identifies her as a multiple murderess. She is tried and beheaded.
  
  On the road, d'Artagnan is arrested. Taken before the Cardinal, d'Artagnan relates recent events and reveals the Cardinal’s pardon. Impressed, the Cardinal offers him a blank musketeer officer's commission. D’Artagnan’s friends refuse the commission, each retiring to a new life, telling him to take it himself.
  Detailed plot summary
  
  The main character, d'Artagnan, born into an impoverished noble family of Gascony, leaves home for Paris to fulfill his greatest dream: becoming a Musketeer of the Guard. Fortunately his father knows Monsieur De Treville, Captain of the Company of Musketeers (and fellow Gascon) and has written a letter of introduction. On the road to Paris, the young Gascon soon gets in a quarrel with a mysterious gentleman and is set upon by the servants of the nearby inn. When d'Artagnan regains consciousness he realizes that the gentleman has stolen his letter of introduction. The innkeeper manages to get his hands on much of d'Artagnan's limited money as he recuperates.
  
  In Paris d'Artagnan goes straight to M. De Treville's hôtel, but lacking his father's letter is received somewhat coolly. In a series of incidents at the hôtel, d'Artagnan is challenged to duels by three musketeers: Athos, Porthos, and Aramis. The four men meet and d'Artagnan begins to fight Athos (the first challenger). They are interrupted by Cardinal Richelieu's guards who threaten to arrest them because duels are forbidden by royal decree. The three musketeers and d'Artagnan unite to defeat the cardinal's guards. In this manner the young Gascon earns the respect and friendship of Athos, Porthos and Aramis and soon becomes a soldier in a regiment of the Royal Guard.
  
  After obtaining lodging and hiring a servant (Planchet), he meets his aging landlord's pretty young wife, Constance Bonacieux, with whom he falls instantly in love. Constance and d'Artagnan help the Queen Consort of France, Anne of Austria, and the Duke of Buckingham have a rendezvous and the Queen presents her lover with a wooden box containing a set of diamond jewels originally given to her by her husband Louis XIII. Cardinal Richelieu, informed by his spies of the gift, persuades the King to invite the Queen to a ball where she would be expected to wear the diamonds; in hopes of uncovering her love affair.
  
  Constance attempts to get her husband to go to London and retrieve the diamonds, but he has been recruited as an agent by the cardinal and refuses. D'Artagnan and his friends are convinced to take on the mission instead. After a series of adventures, they retrieve the jewels and return them to Queen Anne, just in time to save her façade of honour. Athos, Porthos and Aramis are all badly wounded by the cardinal's agents in this endeavor.
  
  The cardinal's revenge comes swiftly: the next evening, Constance is kidnapped. D'Artagnan brings his friends back to Paris and tries to find her, but fails. Meanwhile, he befriends the Lord de Winter, an English nobleman who introduces him to his sister-in-law, Milady de Winter. D'Artagnan quickly develops a crush on the pretty noblewoman, but soon learns that she has no love for him, being an agent for the cardinal. He manages to sleep with her and learns that Milady has a fleur-de-lis burned into her shoulder, marking her as a felon. She had apparently been married to both Athos and the Count de Winter at different times in her wicked life and was livid that the young musketeer knew her secret. D'Artagnan is able to escape her home but is relieved when all the King's guards are ordered to La Rochelle where a siege of the Protestant-held town is taking place.
  
  Milady makes several attempts to kill d'Artagnan in and around La Rochelle, but fails. At the same time, d'Artagnan finds out that the Queen has managed to save Constance from the prison where the cardinal and Milady had thrown her and that his beloved is now hidden somewhere safe.
  
  The Musketeers stake out the inn and overhear a conversation between the cardinal and Milady, during which the cardinal asks her to assassinate the Duke of Buckingham (a supporter of the Protestant Rochellais rebels). The churchman then writes out a blanket pardon to Milady, effectively giving her permission to kill d'Artagnan. Athos quickly confronts his former wife and forces her to relinquish the cardinal's pardon. Because of the war between France and England, any attempt by the musketeers to warn the Duke of Buckingham about Milady would be considered treason, but they are able to send Planchet with a letter to Milady's brother-in-law (Lord de Winter) who suspects Milady killed his brother.
  
  Milady is imprisoned on arrival in England, but soon seduces her hard-hearted Puritan jailer Felton and convinces him not only to help her escape, but also to assassinate the Duke of Buckingham. While the naive Felton shanks the prime minister, Milady sails to France. Milady sends a message to the cardinal and hides in the same North French monastery where Constance had been sent by the Queen. The trusting Constance bares her soul to Milady and the evil woman realizes that her enemy d'Artagnan is expected to arrive at the monastery at any moment. She escapes just before his arrival, but not before taking her revenge: she poisons Constance who dies minutes later in the arms of her beloved d'Artagnan.
  
  They arrange to track down the whereabouts of Milady to exact punishment, joined by the Lord de Winter. The noblemen find her and try the countess on numerous charges: the poisoning of Madame Bonacieux; the assassination attempts on d'Artagnan; accomplice to the assassination of the Duke of Buckingham; the corruption of the Lord de Winter's servant, Felton; and the assassination of her late husband, Count de Winter. The most damning charge comes when Athos states that Milady, his wife, is a marked criminal with a brand on her shoulder. When the countess demands that Athos present the one who branded her, a man in a red cloak steps forward. She immediately recognizes him as the executioner of Lille and he recounts Milady's early misdeeds that led to the brand.
  
  After Milady is beheaded the musketeers return to La Rochelle. On their way they encounter the Count of Rochefort, who was traveling to Milady to pay her. Rochefort also has an order to arrest d'Artagnan. He decides to postpone his trip to Milady in order to take d'Artagnan directly to the cardinal. When the young Gascon is presented before him the entire story about Milady's assassination attempts, her poisoning of Madame Bonacieux, etc. is told. The cardinal states that if Milady is indeed guilty, the courts will deal harshly with her. D'Artagnan frankly admits that he and his friends have already dealt with this evil woman. He then presents Richelieu with the blanket pardon written in the cardinal's own hand. The cardinal, impressed by d'Artagnan's resourcefulness and having already gotten what he wanted from Milady, offers the young man a lieutenant's commission with the musketeers — with the name left blank. The cardinal then presents Rochefort and asks both men to be on good terms.
  
  The book ends with d'Artagnan offering the officer's commission to each of his friends, but he is told that he should insert his own name. Athos intends to retire to his estates, Porthos has decided to marry the widow of a rich lawyer and Aramis will soon fulfill his dream of entering the priesthood. Their lives will cross again, in Twenty Years After.
  Important characters
  Musketeers
  
   * Athos
   * Porthos
   * Aramis
  
  D'Artagnan was not one of the titular "three musketeers." The novel recounts his becoming a musketeer.
  Musketeers' servants
  
   * Planchet (d'Artagnan) – A clever fellow whom Porthos found to serve d'Artagnan.
   * Grimaud (Athos) – A Breton, trained to speak only in emergencies and mostly communicates through sign language.
   * Mousqueton (Porthos) – A would-be dandy, just as vain as his master, whose only pay is his master's old clothes
   * Bazin (Aramis) – Waits for the day his master will join the church, as Bazin has always dreamed to serve a priest.
  
  Others
  
   * Milady de Winter
   * Cardinal Richelieu
   * Comte de Rochefort
   * Louis XIII of France
   * M. de Tréville
   * Constance Bonacieux
   * Monsieur Bonacieux
   * Queen Anne of Austria
   * George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham
  
  Editions
  
  Les Trois Mousquetaires was translated into three English versions by 1846. One of these, by William Barrow, is still in print and fairly faithful to the original, available in the Oxford World's Classics 1999 edition. However, all of the explicit and many of the implicit references to sexuality had been removed to conform to 19th-century English standards, thereby making the scenes between d'Artagnan and Milady, for example, confusing and strange. The most recent and now standard English translation is by Richard Pevear (2006), who in his introduction notes that most of the modern translations available today are "textbook examples of bad translation practices" which "give their readers an extremely distorted notion of Dumas' writing."
  Adaptations
  Musical theatre
  
  The Three Musketeers is a musical with a book by William Anthony McGuire, lyrics by Clifford Grey and P. G. Wodehouse, and music by Rudolf Friml. The original 1928 production ran on Broadway for 318 performances. A 1984 revival ran for 15 previews and 9 performances. In 2003 a Dutch musical 3 Musketiers premiered, which went on to open in Germany (both the Dutch and German production starring Pia Douwes as Milady De Winter) and Hungary. Composer George Stiles, lyricist Paul Leigh and playwright Peter Raby have produced another version (under the title The 3 Musketeers, One Musical For All), which opened at the American Musical Theatre of San José on 10 March 2001.
  Films
  
  See The Three Musketeers (film) for a list of film adaptations.
  Games
  
  1995 saw the release by publisher U.S. Gold of Touché: The Adventures of the Fifth Musketeer by video game developers Clipper Software, a classic point-and-click adventure game using the SCUMM engine.
  
  In 2005, Swedish developer Legendo Entertainment published the side-scrolling platform game The Three Musketeers for Windows XP and Windows Vista. In July 2009, a version of the game was released for WiiWare in North America and Europe under the title The Three Musketeers: One for All!.
  
  In 2009, Canadian developer Dingo Games self-published The Three Musketeers: The Game for Windows and Mac OS X. It is the first game to be truly based on the novel (in that it closely follows the novel's story).
  
  2009 also saw the publication of the asymmetric team board game The Three Musketeers "The Queen's Pendants" (Настольная игра «Три мушкетера») from French designer Pascal Bernard by the Russian publisher Zvezda.
  Television
  
   * Dogtanian and the Three Muskehounds is an anthropomorphic animated series adaptation
   * Albert the Fifth Musketeer, animated series which is a sequel to the novel
   * Young Blades, television series which is a sequel to the novels, centered on the son of d'Artagnan
   * Three Musketeers is an anime series adaption
   * The Three Musketeers, an animated adaption that aired as part of Hanna-Barbera's "The Banana Splits Comedy-Adventure Hour" & "The Banana Splits & Friends" show.
  
  Influence on later works
  
  In 1939, American author Tiffany Thayer published a book entitled Three Musketeers (Thayer, 1939). This is a re-telling of the story in Thayer's words, true to the original plot but told in a different order and with different points of view and emphasis from the original. For example, the book opens with the scene of Milady's youth and how she came to be branded, and more development of her early character, making her later scheming more believable and understandable. Thayer's treatment of sex and sexual politics is more explicit than typical English translations of the original, occasionally leading to consternation when this book found its way to library children's sections and school libraries.
yuán
  jiāng jìn nián qián wéi liǎo zuǎn xiū shí shǐ wáng shì shū guǎn sōu liàoǒu rán jiàn dào běn wéi 'áng huí de shūzhè běn shū shì zài 'ā dān dēng shí shū shè pái yìn dedāng nián guó de zuò jiā ruò xiǎng jiǎng zhēn huàér yòu shì huò cháng huò duǎn dāi duàn shí jiān duō shù de zuò pǐn sòng dào lán jīng chéng chū bǎn bèi zhè běn shū de yǐn zhù liǎobiàn dài huí jiātān lán liǎo biàndāng rán shì dào guǎn cháng xiān shēng de
   zài zhè duì zhè shū jìn xíng pōu ér zhè gōng zuò liú gěi xiē 'àihào shí dài huà juàn de zhě zuò men cóng zhè shū jiāng kàn dào kān chēng shǒu miáo zuǎn de rén xiào xiàngzhè xiē rén xiào xiàng suī rán wǎng wǎng huà zài jūn yíng de mén shàng huò xiǎo jiǔ diàn de qiáng shàngdàn zhě cóng zhōng hái shì rèn chū xiē 'áng 'ěr xiān shēng de shǐ zhù zuò zhōng tóng yàng zhēn de rén zhū shí sānān · ào sài liú lín dāng shí duō shù tíng chén de xíng xiàng。① guó shí shì de wèi shǐ xué jiā
   guòzhèng jiā zhī dào denéng gòu zài zuò jiā biàn huàn de tóu nǎo chǎn shēng qiáng liè yìn xiàng de dōng bìng zǒng shì néng gěi guǎng zhě liú xià shēn yìn xiàngrán 'érdāng men xiàng rén néng huì xīn shǎng de yàng xīn shǎng men dào de jié shí men zuì guān xīn de shì zài men zhī qián shuí céng liú xīn guò de shì qíng
   'áng shù tóu jiàn guó wáng huǒ qiāng duì de duì cháng léi wéi 'ěr xiān shēngqǐng qiú jiē shòu jiā zhè zhī jiǔ shèng míng de huǒ qiāng duì shízài hòu jiàn shì jiàn dào sān nián qīng rén mendōu shì gāi duì de huǒ qiāng shǒufēn bié xìng 'ā tuō tuō 'ā
   shuō shí huà kàn dào zhè sān shēng de xìng shì mendōu gǎn dào guài xiǎng dào mendōu shì huà míngcháng ruò shì sān huà míng zhě yóu xīn xuè lái cháoxīn qíng hǎohuò shí yùn jiācái zài chuān shàng de huǒ qiāng duì duì tiān xuǎn de jiù shì 'áng jiè yǐn liǎo hěn yòu míng wàng de xìng shì
   zhè sān xún cháng de xìng shì yǐn liǎo men qiáng liè de hàoqícóng shí men biàn tíng cóng jīn rén de zhù zuò zhōng xún zhǎo men de zōng
   men jǐn jǐn wéi dào zhè mùdì 'ér chá yuè de shū jiù kānzǎi zhěng zhěng zhuān lánzhè shū shǐ rén zēngzhǎng jiàn shídàn duì men de zhě lái jiǎngkěn dìng suǒ rán guǎ wèisuǒ men mǎn gào menzài men jīng guò liàng láo de yán jiū jīng huī xīn sàng zhǔn bèi fàng zhè gōng zuò shíquè zài zhù míng 'ér xué de péng yǒu bǎo lán · de zhǐ diǎn xiàzhōng xiàn liǎo duì kāi běn de shǒu gǎo biān hào shì 'èr hái shì sān men qīng liǎo shì:① bǎo lán · héng héng ), wáng shì shū guǎn guǎn cháng lán xué yuàn jiào shòuzhōng shì wén xué zhuān jiā
  gōng yuán shí jiǔ shì bǎi nián jiānnán bīn zhōng hǎi lín yáng yuán zhǐ yòu shí duō wàn píng fāng gōng de kuài liù jiǎo xíng de céng guò duō shì jiè de wén rén wéi rén lèi wén huà bǎo liú xià liǎo duō xiǔ de jiā zuòzhí zhì jīn lùn zài fāng hái shì zài dōng fāng lùn zài wài guó hái shì zài zhōng guóshāo yòu wén xué yǎng zhě zhī bèi wéi wén xué zhī de guǒ pàn xiàn shí zhù wén xué shī 'ěr zhā bèi guànyǐ xiǎo shuō zhī wáng de sāng rán zhù chuàng zuò shī zuǒ bèi chēng wéi guó jìn dài sǎnwén diǎn fàn de lóu bàizuò pǐn chōng mǎn shēng mìng de huó yǒng héng zhāoqì de tānɡ yòu xiǎng xiàng zhēn shí de tiáohé shī de shǎo yòu de làng màn wén xué cái qiáo zhì · sāng bèi gōng rèn de shì jiè huàn xiǎo shuō zhī fán 'ěr shí jiǔ shì de guó wén tánzhēn wèi míng liú huì cuìwén háo yún kān lǐng shì jiè wén xué dài zhī fēng sāodàn rén men jué huì wàng zài cuǐ càn de qún xīng zhī zhōngyòu yào yǎn de míng xīng jiù shì tōng shǐ xiǎo shuō zhàn 'áo tóu de zhòng 。《 sān jiàn jiù shì zuì yōu xiù zuì zhù míng de dài biǎo zuò zhī
  《 sān jiàn shì guó guó wáng shí sān shǒu zhòng bīngquán qīng cháo de shǒuxiàng sài liú hóng zhù jiào de máo dùn wéi bèi jǐngchuān chā qún chén pài de míng zhēng 'àn dǒuwéi rào gōng tíng de shǐ wénzhǎn kāi liǎo ráo wèi de shìshū zhōng de zhù rén gōng shàonián yǒng shì 'ánghuái chuài liú gěi de shí 'āi cháng máo shòu gào bié qīnyuǎn wàng zài tóng xiāng zhí de léi wéi 'ěr wéi duì cháng de guó wáng huǒ qiāng duì dāng míng huǒ qiāng shǒuzài duì cháng shàng shàng 'ā tuō tuō 'ā sān huǒ qiāng shǒutōng guò 'ōu zhōu shì fēng xíng de jué dǒu rén jié chéng shēng gòng de zhī
   shíguó wáng shí sānwáng hòu 'ān · ào shǒuxiàng sài liú sān fēn guó quán yòu guó wáng duì 'áng bài shǒuxiàng xià 'àn bāo jiǎngér shǒuxiàng què huái hèn zài xīnqià féng 'ān · ào wáng hòu de jiù shí qíng rén yīng guó bái jīn hàn gōng jué duì qíng wèi duànwáng hòu biàn jīn gāng zuàn zhuì xiāng zèng biǎo huái niànzhù jiào suì yòng gòu xiànxiàng guó wáng jìn chán yányào guó wáng pài rén zhì gōng tíng huìràng wáng hòu pèi dài guó wáng sòng gěi de tiáo jīn gāng zuàn zhuì zhèng shíwáng hòu yǎn jiàn huì jìnhuáng rán xìng xīn shì xiàn shè qǐng 'áng bāng máng xiāng zhù 'áng duì jiàn zhōng qíng xiāng jiàn hèn wǎnbiàn rén 'ān wēimǎn kǒu dāyìngzài sān péng yǒu de quán zhī chí xià rén fēn tóu yīngjīng guò zhé de nánwéi yòu 'áng xiàng bái jīn hàn shuō míng yuán wěi shí suǒ huí jīn gāng zuàn zhuìjiě jiù liǎo wáng hòu de rán méi zhī fěn suì liǎo hóng zhù jiào de yīn móu guǐ
   hóng zhù jiào sài liú duì 'ān · ào zǎo yòu dàn zhí wèi huò wáng hòu chuí qīng shì huǒ zhōng shāo hèn qíng bái jīn hàn gōng jué yòng xīn jiù jiào de máo dùn yǐn de yīng zhàn zhēngwàng chú diào bái jīn hàn jiě xīn tóu zhī hènwéi mùdì wǎng luó xīn dǎng zhōng zuì de qīn xìn biàn shì jiā tiān shēng zhìyàn ruò táo dàn què liǎng miàn sān dāokǒu jiànxīn hěn shǒu shé xiē 'áng wéi měi mào suǒ dòngqiǎo gòu móuqián nèi shìyòu shī shēnjiù zài yún jiāo huān zhī zhōng 'áng 'ǒu rán xiàn jiān lào duǒ bǎi huā shì dāng shí 'ōu zhōu fàn zuì de chǐ xíng yǐn cáng shù nián de zhè de bào shǐ duì 'áng hèn zhī gòng dài tiān shè xiàn jǐng 'àn hàidàn jūn wèi chéng gōng
   zài wéi kùn luó shè 'ěr chéng wéi zhàn shì jiāo diǎn de yīng duì lěi zhōng sài liú bái jīn hàn wéi liǎng guó guà shàng zhèn de zhù shuài sài liú 'àn pài yīng chéng xíng bái jīn hàn chū shā 'áng wéi jiāo huàn tiáo jiàn shàng yīng guó de bèi xiān dào 'áng tōng zhī de wēn xūn jué zhuā huòsuì zāo ruǎn jìnqiú jìn zhōng jìn mài nòng fēng sāo huā yán qiǎo zhī néng shìliǎo wēn xūn jué de xīn kānshǒu fèi 'ěr dùnhòu zhě gào fèn yǒng jiù chū huòbìng jiǎo xìng liǎo bái jīn hàn zài guī zhōngqiǎo jìn xiū dào yuànzhǎo dào liǎo shòu wáng hòu pài rén de 'áng de qíng jiāng 'ángā tuō tuō ā wèi péng yǒu zhòu jiān chéng zhuī zōnghuì tóng wēn xūn jué míng guì shǒuzhōng zài pàn zhuā dào qián táo shí de liù wèi chóu rén tǎo gòng zhūjiē kāi liǎo de lǎo yuán lái zǎo dùn kōng méndàn gān qīng chūn liǎo xiǎo jiào shì tóng yīn bài huài jiào mén qīng guījiào shì shēn xiàn líng bèi guì shǒu héng héng xiǎo jiào shì de bāo xiōng lào xià liǎo duǒ bǎi huājiào shì yuè táo páoxié dài bēn xiāngguì shǒu yīn shòu zhū lián dǐng zuìzài xiāng xián pín 'ài yòu pāo liǎo xiǎo jiào shì dāng wèi shàonián fèi 'ěr jué jié hūnnòng hòu zhě qīng jiā dàng chǎn yòu 'ér fèi 'ěr jué hèn zhī qièqièbiàn huà míng 'ā tuō tóu jūnjìn liǎo guó wáng huǒ qiāng duì wèi shī liàn shòu piàn zhī táo dào yīng guópiàn wēn xūn jué xiōng zhī 'ài chéng hūnbìng shēng yòu dàn wèile zhàn zhàng xiōng zhī chǎn yòu móu hài liǎo 'èr zhàng zuì 'è lěi lěirén yuàndāng zài pàn bèi shā zhèng zhì 'ángā tuō tuō ā wēn xūn jué guì shǒu bào chóu xuě hènliǎo què yuàn
   sài liú zhī xīn hài shì zhōng 'áng shì zhù móubiàn mìng qīn xìn luó shí 'ěr jiāng zhuō 'áng bēi kàngtǎn yán xiāng chénmíng shì yuán wěi sài liú jiàn shì guī yǒng shuāngshàonián yòu wéishēn wéi gǎn dòngfēi dàn jiā zuì xíng zhūfǎn 'ér zhuó shēng huǒ qiāng duì guānā tuō tuō ā sān rén huò guī xiāng huò shuāng huò guī jiào ménpíng piāo fēiquán shū jiù jié
   zěn yàng qiàrúqífèn píng jiàsān jiàn zhè zhòng de dài biǎo zuòjiù xiàng zěn yàng qiàrúqífèn píng jià zhòng běn rén yànghěn nán jué duì gōng yǔn de bǎi duō nián láishì rén duì zhè zuò pǐn biǎn bāo rén zhě jiàn rénzhì zhě jiàn zhì zhí zhōng shìdàn zhèng zhòng běn rén shēng duō cǎi duō héng shēng yàng de zhè dài biǎo zuò shì duō cǎi duō héng shēngzhè píng jià shì shì gōng rèn de
   yòu rén shuō zhòng de zuò pǐn shì xiǎo shuō huà de shǐ yòu rén shuō shì shǐ huà de xiǎo shuōhái yòu xiē píng lùn jiā shuō zhòng guò shì jiāng shǐ shí huà wéi chèn de yào de huàn xiǎng xiù shàng shì yòu shí lòu liǎo guāngjiù yìng chū liǎo shǐ de wén hén lái shí guǎn shì xiǎo shuō huà de shǐhái shì shǐ huà de xiǎo shuō guǎn xiù shàng huàn xiǎng de chèn shì fǒu lòu guāngzhè shì píng lùn zhè zuò pǐn de běn zhìjiù wén rén zhōngyòu de zhuān cháng yán qíng xiǎo shuōyòu de 'ān shú rén zhuànjìyòu de jīng suí sǎnwén yàng zhòng shǒu tōng shǐ xiǎo shuōbìng qiě zài tōng shǐ xiǎo shuō zhè kuài yuán lùn shì guò hái shì xiàn zài lùn zài guó hái shì zài quán shì jiè lùn zài shù liàng shàng huò shì zhì liàng shàng shì shǒu zhǐ qiě yòu rén zhī de gāo shǒuzhè píng jià shì shì gōng rèn de
   yòu xiē zuò pǐn bèi tuī xiàng shè huìzhǐ guò shì yòu wén jìzǎi de guò yǎn yún yānzài rén men de xīn zhōng méi yòu liú xià huí wèi de hén shí jiǔbiàn bèi pāo jìn shǐ de huò bèi jìn shǐ de lěng gōngér zhòng desān jiàn de lìng shì jiè míng zhùshān jué yàng bèi shì jiè guó chéng duō zhǒng wén duō shì láijìn guǎn rén shì cāng sāngxīng dǒu zhuǎngāi shū shǐ zhōng fēngmǐ shìhuì zhì rén kǒu zhí jiǔ chàng shuāichéng liǎo shòu shì rén tuī chóng de shì jiè wén xué míng zhùzhè jiù shuō míngzhè zhù zuò chéng gōng jīng shòu liǎo shè huì de jiǎn yàn dào liǎo bāo kuò guó zài nèi de shì jiè zhě de zhì rèn jīng shòu liǎo shǐ de jiǎn yànzhè píng jià yòu shì shì gōng rèn de zhòng shēng huó de nián dàizhèng shì guó bǎo huáng pài gòng pài liè dǒu zhēng de duō shì zhī qiū zài shàng qīng xiàng chǎn jiē zhù zhāng gòng fǎn duì chá shí shìfǎn duì bàng wáng cháo de fǎn yìng zhè zhǒng xiǎng qīng xiàng de de làng màn hēng sān shì gōng tíng》, zàisān jiàn wèn shì shí duō nián qián jiù huò chéng gōng 'èr nián 'èr yuè shí gōng yǎn shígòng pài bǎo huáng pài jūn yòu rén chū chǎng zuò guǒ 'ào 'ěr liáng gōng jué guāng lín guān shǎngjiēguǒ zài gòng pài huò dǎo xìng shèng de fēn zhōng jiàng xià liǎo wéi yīn zhòng zhù zhāng gòng zhè zhǒng běn de jìn qīng xiàng néng zài hòu de chuàng zuò zhōng fǎn yìng chū lái néng chéng wèitā cèhuà tōng shǐ xiǎo shuō de běn diàodāng rán néng shì guàn chuànsān jiàn de gēn xiǎng zhù xiàn
   zhì shù chéng jiù yōng zhì zhòng chì shì wèi biān zhì shì de néng shǒu kuì shì wèi gāo chāo de yán shù shīshān jué yàng,《 sān jiàn chōng fēn xiǎn shì liǎo zhòng xiǎng xiàng wéi de chāo fán tuō gòu zhì shì qíng jié jiàng xīn huá rén bié yòng shēng huā de miào jiāng zhù rén gōng 'áng lìng sān huǒ bàn de xìng gòu huà shēngyuè rán zhǐ shàng zhī chū 'áng chū chū máo fēng liú tǎngguǒ gǎn zhìduì péng yǒu xiá gān dǎnduì 'ài qíng zhí zhe zhuī qiúduì rén 'è chóuā tuō píng shǎo yán guǎ chū kǒu yán jiǔ dǐng shì chén zhe lěng jìngchǔshì wěn zhòng lǎo liànguān jiàn shí shì zhù shì de líng hún tǒng shuài tuō tóu nǎo jiǎn dānxiōng chéng dǎn mǎngtān qián 'ài cáiā shì zhì duō móucái mǐn jiéwēn wén fēng piān piānguān jiàn shí shì zhù shì de cān móu zhì nánggèng zhí de shìzuò zhě duì shàng shù rén xìng de gòu jīng cháng jiāng zhì zhǒng tóng de jué dǒu chǎng jǐngshǐ men yòu zhōng shì shǐ shī zhōng shì jiàn de chuán cǎi biǎo xiàn gèng jiā fēng mǎnyīn wéi dāng shí guó 'ōu zhōu de shēn shì jiē céngjué dǒu shì kōng jiàn guàn de zhòng de shēng jiù yòu guò shí sān jué dǒuzǎo zài suì niángāng bàn wán qīn de sāngshì 'èr tiān zhòng jiù bào liǎng zhī qiāngqiāoqiāo shàng lóu dǐngyào tóng shàng jué gāo dāng qīn shí huí shuō:“ yào dào tiān guó yào shàng jué dǒuyào shàng gàndiào…… yīn wéi shàng shā liǎo !”
   zhòng duì hóng zhù jiào sài liú qīn xìn de zhe gèng shì chū shén huàqián zhě shì fēng huàn de 'áo zhāngduì guó wáng biǎo miàn zūn cóng 'ér nèi xīn de jiāo héngcèhuà wéi kùn luó shè 'ěr chéng de lǎo móu shēn suànchǔlǐ rén zhèng de tōng quán yìng biànbèi miáo huì lín jìn zhìhòu zhě wài biǎo de tiān guó nèi shé xiē xīn cháng gèng shì bèi huá sān fēnlián zhāng qiú jìn chǎng miàn de chénjiāng shí 'ér xiàng wēn róu de tiān shǐshí 'ér xiàng xiōng 'è de guǐshí 'ér kǒu ruò xuán cái héng shí 'ér xiōng xiàng àn cáng shā zuì hòu qīng jiào gòu yǐn shén hún diān dǎozhōng gòu zhōng de nèi xīn shì jiè miáo xiěde lìng rén jiào jué
   dàn shì zài hǎo de zuò pǐndōubù néng shí quán shí měi。《 sān jiàn wài wén xué zuò pǐn guǎn shǔ liú pàicǎi yòng zhǒng cáishì yán qíng xiǎo shuō hǎoshì tōng shǐ xiǎo shuō zuò zhě dōushì yòng cǎi xié de cáidiào dòng quán fāng wèi de wéi líng gǎnjià zhuóxiǎng xiàng de chì bǎng biān zhì xiǎng de shì qíng jiéān pái diǎn xíng de rén yùn yòng zuì biǎo xiàn de yán qiú yǐn zhě de qíng jué zhě de xīn líng chuán de xiǎngyǐn shè huì gòng míng guǎn zhòng běn rén zhù guān xiǎng guǎn zěn yàng biāo bǎng zài wén xué shàng chéng rèn shénme shǔ shénme liú pàigèng shù shénme zhì wèi shì wéi de yuán ”, dàn de zuò pǐn cóng wèn shì tiān jiù zài zhe mǒu zhǒng zhì wéi zhuǎn de yǐng xiǎng zǒu xiàng shè huìzǒu xiàng rén jiānzǒu jìn zhě de xīn língyīn wéi rèn shì de gòu zhùrèn qíng jié de biān zhìrèn zhǒng xiě zuò qiǎo huò zào rén shǒu duàn de yùn yòng zhǐ guò shì nián zhěng zuò pǐn de tǒng zài zōng jiē mǒu zhǒng shè huì máo dùnchǎn shù mǒu zhǒng shè huì xiàn xiàngfǎn yìng mǒu shè huì jié miàn decóng zhè zhòng yào jiǎo pōu sān jiàn de shè huì jià zhítóng guǒ debēi cǎn shì jièhuò tānɡ dehóng hēixiāng lùn zài shì de diǎn xíng xìng shēn xìnghái shì zài rén huá de biǎo xiàn gǎn shòu míng xiǎn xiāng xíng jiàn chùyīn wéi zhòng suī rán xiě dào liǎo sài liú guó wáng de máo dùnxīn jiù jiào de chōng yīng liǎng guó de jiāo zhàn zhǐ shì qīng tíng diǎn shuǐ guāng lüè yǐngméi yòu shēn jiē shè huì chōng de běn zhìméi yòu pōu jiē máo dùn de nèi méi yòu pài liàng shì jiē de dài biǎo méi yòu zhèng běn qīng yuán hái shǐ de běn lái miàn màozuò zhě zhǐ shì jiāng juésè de 'ān pái rén wéi xiǎng xiàng shì yìng xiǎo shuō nèi róng de yàosuǒ zhěng xiǎo shuō suī yòu diǎn diǎn shǐ shí wéi dàn fǎn yìng de zhǐ shì zhī suì shèn zhì yòu de shì yòu bèi shǐ zhēn shí de shǐ shízhè jiù shìsān jiàn de qiàn quē miàn
   zhòng shì guó nǎi zhì shì jiè wén tán shàng shǎo yòu de duō chǎn zuò jiācóng hēng sān shì gōng tíngkāi shì fēng dào liù shí suì hún guī tiān guó jìn shí nián de chuàng zuò shēng zhōng de zuò pǐn duō jīng rénguāng shì xiǎo shuō jiù yòu 'èr bǎi shí juàn shàng hái yòu zhī shù de dòng wén xuéér tóng wén xuésuí děngquán zuò pǐn duō 'èr bǎi shí juànzuì hòu hái xiě liǎo pēng rèn quán》。 zhèng yīn wèitā de zuò pǐn lín lín zǒng zǒngcái yǐn shǎo rén duì de cāi fēinànzài shǐ shànghěn shǎo yòu wèi zuò jiā xiàng zhòng yàng shòu dào guò me duō de píng qiǎn yòu de shuō zhòng cháng cháng shōu mǎi míng zuò jiā de zuò pǐnrán hòu zài shàng miàn qiān xià de xìng míngyòu de shuō zhòng zhǐ shì yòng néng wán quán fǎng de rén zuò de shūhái yòu de shuō zhòng shì chuàng zuò de hěn jiǎn dān qiǎng yòu dào yòng zhe zhǐ yòng jiǎn dāo jiù gòu liǎozǒng zhīyòng zhòng de huà shuō:“ yào shì rēng dào shēn shàng de shí tóu quándōu shōu lái jiàn zào zuò zuì de wén xué jiā niàn bēi。” duì zhǒng zhǐ píng shì zhè yàng huí de:“ zài guǎng mào de wén xué lǐng zài yòu guān rén lèi xíng wéi fāng miàn néng cún zài shǐ qián zhī shìzuò pǐn zhōng de rén bèi zhì lèi de jìng zhōng tóng yàng de fāng xíng dòng tóng yàng de huà biǎo xiànshì cháng jiàn de shì”;“ huò bié rén de dōng shì tōu qièér shì zhēng shì bìng。” rán 'ér jìn guǎn zhòng duì xiē de shèn zhì shì yòu sǔn rén de zhǐ píng xiè dàn zǒng shì gěi dài lái zhì jīn nán shuàn de diǎn guò shǐ shì gōng zhèng deměi guó yōu xiù de zhuànjì zuò jiā gài · ēn cóng duō shǐ shí hècóng duō jiǎo tàn suǒhái yuán liǎo zhè wèi cháng bèi jiě de zuò jiā de zhēn mào:“ fēn rén zhī dào men de rén shēngxiāng zhī xiàzhè shì shàng yòu rén què shí bèi cháng rén de jīng huó zhezhè rén jiù shìsān jiàn shān juéde zuò zhě zhòng shuō shì chuī niú zhuān jiā hǎopiāo qiè zhě hǎoqǐng rén zhuō dāo dài …… dàn zhè qiē qià qià zhèng míng shì wèi lún de jīng wàng shèng de wěi rén。” zhì zhòng de wéi rénwén xué zhī wéi duō · guǒ duì zuò liǎo zuì zhòngkěn zuì gǎn rén de píng jià:“ de wéi rén xiàng xià de léi yàng shuǎng kuài shì tǎo rén 'ài de rén shì yún shì léi míng shì shǎn diàndàn cóng wèi shāng hài guò rèn rénshuídōu zhī dào dài rén wēn wéi rén kuān hòujiù xiàng hàn zhōng de gān lín。” zhè píng jià néng kuò qīng duì de duō jiě néng gào wèi de zài tiān zhī líng
   běn shū zhāng dào sān shí zhāng wéi luó guó lín xiān shēng suǒ sān shí zhāng dào liù shí zhāng wéi wáng xué wén xiān shēng suǒ
   wáng xué wén
  1994 nián 5 yuè 8 lián wài guó xué yuàn
shǒuyè>> >> 外国经典>> zhòng Alexandre Dumas père   guó France   shí jiǔ shì de guó   (1802niánqīyuè24rì1870niánshíèryuè5rì)