首页>> 旅游天下>> 言情>> 简·奥斯丁 Jane Austen   英国 United Kingdom   汉诺威王朝   (1775年12月16日1817年7月18日)
爱玛 Emma
  《爱玛》是英国女作家奥斯汀作品中艺术思想最成熟的一部。书中描绘了十几个女姓人物,最主要的是三个少女:爱玛、简•菲尔费克斯与哈丽埃特。这三个少女都有奥斯丁理想中的温柔三美:外表仪态的端庄优雅、言谈神情的和蔼可亲、性格品质的宽容正直以及必不可少的热情。爱玛以满腔柔情关心爱护着她的家人与朋友,菲尔费克斯深情到几乎可以为恋人容忍一切折磨,哈丽埃特则更是一个多情的姑娘,一年之中全心全意地爱上了三个男子。
  爱玛-作品内容
  
  爱玛•伍德豪斯家境富有,人又聪颖、美丽,处于这种环境里的人有些娇生惯养,自以为是,也在情理之中。她刚刚参加了她的朋友、伴侣、前家庭教师泰勒小姐嫁给邻近的鳏夫韦斯顿先生的婚礼。虽说这桩婚事样样都好,爱玛还是为失去好友而暗自叹息。如今哈特菲尔德只剩下她和父亲了。伍德豪斯先生年事已高,又爱为琐事发愁,自然无法给女儿作伴儿。
  
  伍德豪斯家是海伯利村的大户。在他们一家小小的朋友圈子里,陪伍德豪斯先生凑桌打牌的中老年太太倒是不少,可是没有年轻小姐能做爱玛的朋友和心腹。可爱的泰勒小姐如今已成了韦斯顿太太,爱玛为此深感寂寞,于是就把哈里特•史密斯置于自己的保护之下。哈里特是附近寄宿学校学生,住在校长家里。她年方十七,相貌出众,虽然资质低下,但举止行为却讨人喜欢,毫不做作,又习惯于把爱玛奉为楷模,所以挺称人心意。
  
  哈里特是私生女,其父何人仍是个谜。爱玛认为这女孩可能出身名门,便极力使她相信她以前交往的人都配不上她。爱玛劝她与马丁一家人断绝来往。马丁家是正派的农夫,虽有一定财产,但不属上流社会。爱玛认为罗伯特•马丁不配取哈里特为妻,便鼓励这位姑娘追求年轻的牧师埃尔顿先生。
  
  爱玛从埃尔顿先生的神态上判定他已开始爱上哈里特,便自以为撮合婚姻的计划必然成功。奈特利先生是爱玛在伦敦当律师的姐夫的弟弟。能看到爱玛缺点的人为数不多,他就是其中之一。爱玛和哈里特的亲密关系使他感到不安。他告诫爱玛这种关系无论是对哈里特还是对她自己都没有好处。奈特利先生得知哈里特在爱玛怂恿之下拒绝了罗伯特•马丁的求婚时,就更加感到忧虑。爱玛自己倒是心安理得,因为她确信埃尔顿先生对哈里特十分钟情,而哈里特——在她的鼓动之下——对他也有同样的爱慕之心。
  
  埃尔顿先生私下向爱玛求婚,这使爱玛猛然醒悟。她突然意识到,埃尔顿先生向哈里特献殷勤实则是冲她而来,而她有意鼓励埃尔顿追求自己女友的举动,却被他看成是鼓励他向自己求婚的表示。埃尔顿的自以为是已经够讨厌的了,可如何把这个消息透露给哈里特,就更叫人心烦。
  
  爱玛的生活圈子里又出现了一件令人失望的事。弗兰克•邱吉尔几个月来一直答应要来看望他的父亲和新过门的继母,但却再次推迟了他的来访日期。邱吉尔是韦斯顿先生第一个妻子所生的儿子,用了母亲家的姓氏。奈特利先生认为这个年轻人如今觉得自己比父亲的地位优越。爱玛和他争执了起来,但心里却同意他的看法。
  
  尽管哈特菲尔德的社交圈子没能受到邱吉尔的光顾,却也增加了一个叫简•费尔法克斯的姑娘。简是总爱唠唠叨叨的贝茨小姐的外甥女,貌美才淑,与爱玛不相上下。奈特利先生暗示,这就是爱玛从来不能与简友好相处的原因之一。爱玛自己则把两人的冷漠关系归咎于简的冷漠。
  
  简到达后不久,韦斯顿夫妇便接到邱吉尔的信,信中又另定他的来访日期。这一次他真的来了。爱玛发现这是一位既英俊又有教养的年轻人。他成为伍德豪斯家的常客,同时,由于他以前认识简•费尔法克斯,也就不断到贝茨家来拜访。但他对之大献殷勤的姑娘却不是简而是爱玛。爱玛明白韦斯顿夫妇希望这颗情种能够开花结果。
  
  大约就在这个时候,简收到了一份厚礼,这是一架钢琴,送礼者不知何人。据猜测,礼物来自简的富裕朋友们。简是个孤儿,一直和他们住在一起。但面对礼物,简神态尴尬,缄默不语。在韦斯顿夫人告诉爱玛奈特利先生似乎喜欢并关心简之后,爱玛怀疑送礼的人就是奈特利。爱玛一想到奈特利先生和简婚配成双就无法忍受。但她观察两人在一起的情景之后,得出了使自己满意的结论:奈特利先生的举动是出自友谊,而不是爱情。
  
  费兰克•邱吉尔该走了。他看上去有些恋恋不舍。在最后一次到哈特菲尔德作客时,他似乎很想告诉爱玛一件严肃认真的事情;但是爱玛虽然认为邱吉尔想要开口向她表白爱情,却没有鼓励他把心事说出来。因为在爱玛的想象中,自己总是拒绝邱吉尔的求婚,总是把两人的爱情归结为平静的友谊。
  
  埃尔顿先生重返海伯利村,带回一个仓促求爱成婚的新娘。这位妇人小有资产,极其粗俗,却偏偏矫揉造作,自命高雅。哈里特曾在爱玛的劝说下堕入爱河,再想劝她解脱情网实非易事。但爱玛无力办到的事情,埃尔顿先生的婚烟却替她完成了。哈里特终于开始醒悟。埃尔顿先生在一次舞会上对她的粗鲁无礼更促成了她的醒悟。埃尔顿先生竟拒绝与哈里特跳舞,这时,轻易不跳舞的奈特利先生去主动邀请她作舞伴。于是,在哈里特心中,埃尔顿先生的位置开始由奈特利先生所代替。这件事连爱玛都不知道。
  
  爱玛自己则开始考虑选邱吉尔做哈里特的丈夫。不过她决定自己不再去出力撮合这桩婚事。出于一系列的误解,爱玛以为哈里特在赞扬邱吉尔,其实哈里特赞扬的是奈特利先生。
  
  韦斯顿太太仍然认为奈特利先生爱慕简•费尔法克斯,这就使纷繁不清的鸳鸯谱更加错综复杂。而奈特利先生则觉察到简和邱吉尔之间已有某种秘约。奈特利先生的猜疑后来得到了证实:邱吉尔向韦斯顿夫妇承认他和简在10月份就已秘密订婚。韦斯顿夫妇首先想到的是爱玛。他们担心邱吉尔对爱玛的殷勤举动可能已使爱玛陷入情网。但爱玛向韦斯顿太太表示她曾一度对邱吉尔有点好感,但这段机缘早已过去。爱玛现在主要担心两件事。一是她曾对邱吉尔说过一些关于简的话,如果她早知道两人已经订婚,决不会那样做。二是她认为自已又一次鼓动哈里特堕入一段不能成功的恋情之中。
  
  可是,当爱玛委婉地把这个消息透露给哈里特时,却发现哈里特并没有因此感到不安。两人的谈话总是说不到一块,后来爱玛终于得知哈里特现在倾心的不是邱吉尔,而是奈特利先生。当哈里特告诉爱玛她有理由相信奈特利先生对她也是以爱报爱时,爱玛才突然意识到自己内心的秘密:她本人爱的也是奈特利先生。现在她真希望自己从来不认识哈里特•史密斯。除了自己想嫁给奈特利先生之外,她还明白,奈特利如和哈里特结合,不但是不相称的婚配,而且也很难带来幸福。
  
  爱玛对这一事态的忧虑不久便告结束:奈特利先生向她求婚了。但她的圆满幸福也有美中不足。她知道自己的婚事会使父亲很不高兴,因为老人不愿生活有丝毫的改变。而且她在不知不觉中又一次使哈里特面临失望的打击。爱玛和奈特利先生决定住在哈特菲尔德,一直陪伴父亲度过晚年。这就解决了第一个难题。至于哈里特,奈特利先生之所以对她关注,是因为他确实想调查清楚姑娘对他的年轻佃户罗伯特•马丁是否仍有爱心。结果,奈特利先生终于在一天早上宣布,罗伯特•马丁再次向哈里特求婚,并且被她接受。哈里特的前途已定,爱玛自然十分高兴。爱玛总可以这样回首往事,她周围的人全都门当户对地婚配成亲,这才是他们真正幸福的必要条件。
  爱玛-作者简介
  
  奥斯汀(1775-1817),19世纪英国最早发表现实主义小说的女作家。生于英国小乡镇史蒂文顿的一个牧师家庭,几乎从未接受过正规教育,但由于家庭文学空气熏陶而成为著名作家。其作品主要描绘她在狭小生活圈子里所熟悉的中产阶级的家庭生活,青年男女的恋爱婚姻及其心态,具有观察细致,人物刻画惟妙惟肖,评论尖刻等艺术特色。20岁左右开始创作,共发表6部小说:《理智与感情》、《傲慢与偏见》、《曼斯菲尔德花园》、《爱玛》、《诺桑觉寺》、《劝导》。奥斯汀最初创作是为了反对流行小说。后来又反映了18世纪末19世纪初当时未受资本主义工业革命浪潮冲击的英国乡村中产阶级的日常生活场景,扫除了当时小说创作的庸俗风气,在英国小说发展史上起到了承上启下的作用,同时奥斯汀又是公认的描写妇女意识的卓越作家。
  爱玛-作品评价
  
  评论家说:“《爱玛》可能是奥斯丁最成熟的作品。”这部作者生前最后出版的小说,能被冠以如此高的评价,很大程度上缘于比起其他作品来,它更为深入全面地表现了作者的审美情趣与创作态度,二字概括之,那就是“温柔”。奥斯丁的审美情趣着重反映在女性形象的塑造上。
  
  但是,奥斯丁强调一点———热情不等于激情。一个热情的女性可以使生活充满趣味,给人们以快乐,但一旦热情超过了限度,即理智控制的范围后,它就会蜕变成有害的激情。泛滥的激情使哈丽埃特尝尽失恋的痛苦;菲尔费克斯由于一时激情犯下错误,作为惩罚,在相当长的时间内“一刻也没有安宁过”;爱玛“对自己的每一种激情都觉得羞愧”,它是女主人公幸福生活中仅有的那一点苦恼的源头。在奥斯丁眼里,激情是妨碍完美最重要的因素之一。推崇温柔的审美情趣直接影响了奥斯丁的创作态度。作者借爱玛之口这样说:“我虽然没有这个优点———但是我懂得如何珍视和尊重它”,《爱玛》的每一字里行间无不透露出奥斯丁的真诚与宽厚:不苛求自己、不苛求笔下人物、不苛求读者 ———仅仅凭着“兴趣和爱好”来描述生活,创作对于她来说是一种热情洋溢、轻松自然的感受历程;她对她塑造的每一个女性都抱着热忱的希望,但又无比宽容,所以从审美意义上看,个个都如她描绘爱玛一般 “最好的,尽管有那些缺点还是完美无缺”;她赋予“茶杯里的小风波”巨大的魅力,但又不要求读者沉溺其中,故常常打破“第四堵墙”,跳出书外,让读者意识到这只是个想像世界。所以至少可以说,奥斯丁会成为读者最亲爱的朋友。
  爱玛-写作背景
  
  爱玛《爱玛》
  从18世纪末到19世纪初,庸俗无聊的“感伤小说”和“哥特小说”充斥英国文坛,而奥斯汀的小说破旧立新,一反常规地展现了当时尚未受到资本主义工业革命冲击的英国乡村中产阶级的日常生活和田园风光。她的作品往往通过喜剧性的场面嘲讽人们的愚蠢、自私、势利和盲目自信等可鄙可笑的弱点。奥斯汀的小说出现在19世纪初叶,一扫风行一时的假浪漫主义潮流,继承和发展了英国18世纪优秀的现实主义传统,为19世纪现实主义小说的高潮做了准备。虽然其作品反映的广度和深度有限,但她的作品如“两寸牙雕”,从一个小窗口中窥视到整个社会形态和人情世故,对改变当时小说创作中的庸俗风气起了好的作用,在英国小说的发展史上有承上启下的意义,被誉为地位“可与莎士比亚平起平坐”的作家。


  Emma, by Jane Austen, is a novel about the perils of misconstrued romance. The novel was first published in December 1815. As in her other novels, Austen explores the concerns and difficulties of genteel women living in Georgian-Regency England; she also creates a lively 'comedy of manners' among her characters.
  
  Before she began the novel, Austen wrote, "I am going to take a heroine whom no-one but myself will much like." In the very first sentence she introduces the title character as "Emma Woodhouse, handsome, clever, and rich." Emma, however, is also rather spoiled; she greatly overestimates her own matchmaking abilities; and she is blind to the dangers of meddling in other people's lives and is often mistaken about the meanings of others' actions.
  
  Plot summary
  
  Although convinced that she herself will never marry, Emma Woodhouse, a precocious twenty-year-old resident of the village of Highbury, imagines herself to be naturally gifted in conjuring love matches. After self-declared success at matchmaking between her governess and Mr. Weston, a village widower, Emma takes it upon herself to find an eligible match for her new friend, Harriet Smith. Though Harriet’s parentage is unknown, Emma is convinced that Harriet deserves to be a gentleman’s wife and sets her friend’s sights on Mr. Elton, the village vicar. Meanwhile, Emma persuades Harriet to reject the proposal of Robert Martin, a well-to-do farmer for whom Harriet clearly has feelings.
  
  Harriet becomes infatuated with Mr. Elton under Emma’s encouragement, but Emma’s plans go awry when Elton makes it clear that his affection is for Emma, not Harriet. Emma realizes that her obsession with making a match for Harriet has blinded her to the true nature of the situation. Mr. Knightley, Emma’s brother-in-law and treasured friend, watches Emma’s matchmaking efforts with a critical eye. He believes that Mr. Martin is a worthy young man whom Harriet would be lucky to marry. He and Emma quarrel over Emma’s meddling, and, as usual, Mr. Knightley proves to be the wiser of the pair. Elton, spurned by Emma and offended by her insinuation that Harriet is his equal, leaves for the town of Bath and marries a young woman there almost immediately.
  
  Emma is left to comfort Harriet and to wonder about the character of a new visitor expected in Highbury—Mr. Weston’s son, Frank Churchill. Frank is set to visit his father in Highbury after having been raised by his aunt and uncle in London, who have also adopted him as their heir. Emma knows nothing about Frank, who has long been deterred from visiting his father by his aunt’s illnesses and complaints. Mr. Knightley is immediately suspicious of the young man, especially after Frank rushes back to London merely to have his hair cut. Emma, however, finds Frank delightful and notices that his charms are directed mainly toward her. Though she plans to discourage these charms, she finds herself flattered and engages in a flirtation with the young man. Emma greets Jane Fairfax, another addition to the Highbury set, with less enthusiasm. Jane is beautiful and accomplished, but Emma dislikes her because of her reserve and, the narrator insinuates, because she is jealous of Jane.
  
  Suspicion, intrigue, and misunderstandings ensue. Mr. Knightley defends Jane, saying that she deserves compassion because, unlike Emma, she has no independent fortune and must soon leave home to work as a governess. Mrs. Weston suspects that the warmth of Mr. Knightley’s defense comes from romantic feelings, an implication Emma resists. Everyone assumes that Frank and Emma are forming an attachment, though Emma soon dismisses Frank as a potential suitor and imagines him as a match for Harriet. At a village ball, Knightley earns Emma’s approval by offering to dance with Harriet, who has just been humiliated by Mr. Elton and his new wife. The next day, Frank saves Harriet from Gypsy beggars. When Harriet tells Emma that she has fallen in love with a man above her social station, Emma believes that she means Frank. Knightley begins to suspect that Frank and Jane have a secret understanding, and he attempts to warn Emma. Emma laughs at Knightley’s suggestion and loses Knightley’s approval when she flirts with Frank and insults Miss Bates, a kindhearted spinster and Jane’s aunt, at a picnic. When Knightley reprimands Emma, she weeps.
  
  News comes that Frank’s aunt has died, and this event paves the way for an unexpected revelation that slowly solves the mysteries. Frank and Jane have been secretly engaged; his attentions to Emma have been a screen to hide his true preference. With his aunt’s death and his uncle’s approval, Frank can now marry Jane, the woman he loves. Emma worries that Harriet will be crushed, but she soon discovers that it is Knightley, not Frank, who is the object of Harriet’s affection. Harriet believes that Knightley shares her feelings. Emma finds herself upset by Harriet’s revelation, and her distress forces her to realize that she is in love with Knightley. Emma expects Knightley to tell her he loves Harriet, but, to her delight, Knightley declares his love for Emma. Harriet is soon comforted by a second proposal from Robert Martin, which she accepts. The novel ends with the marriage of Harriet and Mr. Martin and that of Emma and Mr. Knightley, resolving the question of who loves whom after all.
  Principal characters
  
  Emma Woodhouse, the protagonist of the story, is a beautiful, high-spirited, intelligent, and 'slightly' spoiled young woman of 21. Her mother died when she was very young, and she has been mistress of the house ever since, certainly since her older sister got married. While she is in many ways mature for her age, Emma makes some serious mistakes, mainly due to her conviction that she is always right and her lack of real world experience. Although she has vowed she will never ever marry, she delights in making matches for others. She seems unable to fall in love, until jealousy makes her realize that she has loved Mr Knightley all along.
  
  Mr George Knightley, about 37 or 38. He is a close friend of Emma, and her only critic, though he cares deeply for her. Mr Knightley is the owner of the neighbouring estate of Donwell, which includes extensive grounds and a farm. He is the elder brother of Mr John Knightley—the husband of Emma's elder sister Isabella. Mr Knightley is very annoyed with Emma for persuading Harriet to turn down Mr Martin, thinking that the advantage is all on Harriet's side; he also warns Emma against matchmaking Harriet with Mr Elton, correctly guessing that Mr Elton has a much higher opinion of himself. He is suspicious of Frank Churchill and his motives; although his suspicion turns out to be based mainly on jealousy of the younger man, his instincts are proven correct by the revelation that Frank Churchill is not all that he seems.
  
  Mr Frank Churchill, Mr Weston's son by his previous marriage, an amiable young man who manages to be liked by everyone except Mr Knightley, who considers him quite immature, although this partially results from his jealously of Frank's supposed 'pursuit' of Emma. After his mother's death he was raised by his wealthy aunt and uncle, whose last name he took. Frank enjoys dancing and music and living life to the fullest. Frank may be viewed as a careless but less villainous version of characters from other Austen novels, such as Mr Wickham from Pride and Prejudice or Willoughby from Sense and Sensibility.
  
  Jane Fairfax, an orphan whose only family consists of an aunt, Miss Bates, and a grandmother, Mrs Bates. She is regarded as a very beautiful, clever, and elegant woman, with the best of manners, and is also very well-educated and exceptionally talented at singing and playing the piano; in fact, she is the sole person that Emma envies. She has little fortune, however, and seems destined to become a governess – a prospect she dislikes.
  
  Harriet Smith, a young friend of Emma's, is a very pretty but unsophisticated girl who is too easily led by others, especially Emma; she has been educated at a nearby school. The illegitimate daughter of initially unknown parents, she is revealed in the last chapter to be the daughter of a fairly rich and decent tradesman, although not a "gentleman". Emma takes Harriet under her wing early in the novel, and she becomes the subject of some of Emma's misguided matchmaking attempts. Harriet initially rebuffs a marriage proposal from farmer Robert Martin because of Emma's belief that he is beneath her, despite Harriet's own doubtful origins. She then develops a passion for Mr Knightley, which is the catalyst for Emma realising her own feelings. Ultimately, Harriet and Mr Martin are wed, despite Emma's meddling.
  
  Philip Elton is a good-looking, well mannered and ambitious young vicar. Emma wants him to marry Harriet; he wants to marry Emma. Mr Elton displays his mercenary nature by quickly marrying another woman of means after Emma's rejection.
  
  Augusta Elton, formerly Miss Hawkins, is Mr Elton's moneyed but obnoxious wife. She is a boasting, domineering, pretentious woman who likes to be the centre of attention and is generally disliked by Emma and her circle. She patronizes Jane, which earns Jane the sympathy of others.
  
  Mrs Anne Weston, formerly Miss Taylor, was Emma's governess for sixteen years and remains her closest friend and confidante after she marries Mr Weston in the opening chapter. She is a sensible woman who adores Emma. Mrs Weston acts as a surrogate mother to her former charge and, occasionally, as a voice of moderation and reason.
  
  Mr Weston, a recently wealthy man living in the vicinity of Hartfield. He marries Emma's former governess, Miss Taylor, and by his first marriage is father to Frank Churchill, who was adopted and raised by his late wife's brother and sister-in-law. Mr Weston is a sanguine, optimistic man, who enjoys socializing.
  
  Miss Bates, a friendly, garrulous spinster whose mother, Mrs Bates, is a friend of Mr Woodhouse. Her accomplished niece, Jane Fairfax, is the light of her life. One day, Emma humiliates her on a day out in the country, when she pointedly alludes to her tiresome prolixity. Afterward, Mr Knightley sternly rebukes Emma. Shamed, she tries to make amends.
  
  Mr Henry Woodhouse, Emma's father, is always concerned for his own health and that of his friends, to the point of trying to deny his visitors foods he thinks too rich. He laments that "poor Isabella" and "poor Miss Taylor" have married and been taken away from him.
  
  Isabella Woodhouse is the elder sister of Emma and daughter of Henry. She is married to John Knightley.
  
  John Knightley is Isabella's husband and George's younger brother. He is an old acquaintance of Jane Fairfax.
  Criticism and themes
  
  Emma Woodhouse is the first Austen heroine with no financial concerns, which, she declares to the naïve Miss Smith, is the reason that she has no inducement to marry. This is a great departure from Austen's other novels, in which the quest for marriage and financial security are two of several themes in the stories. Emma's ample financial resources are one of the factors that make this novel much lighter than Austen's earlier works, such as Sense and Sensibility and Pride and Prejudice. Jane Fairfax's prospects, in contrast, are bleak.
  
  In contrast to other Austen heroines Emma seems immune to romantic attraction . Unlike Marianne Dashwood, who is attracted to the wrong man before she settles on the right one, Emma shows no romantic interest in the men she meets. She is genuinely surprised (and somewhat disgusted) when Mr Elton declares his love for her—much in the way Elizabeth Bennet singularly reacts to the obsequious Mr Collins. Her fancy for Frank Churchill represents more of a longing for a little drama in her life than a longing for romantic love. Notably too, Emma utterly fails to understand the budding affection between Harriet Smith and Robert Martin; she interprets the prospective match solely in terms of financial settlements and social ambition. It is only after Harriet Smith reveals her interest in Mr Knightley that Emma realizes her own feelings for him.
  
  While Emma differs strikingly from Austen's other heroines in these two respects, she resembles Elizabeth Bennet and Anne Elliot, among others, in another way: she is an intelligent young woman with too little to do and no ability to change her location or everyday routine. Though her family is loving and her economic status secure, Emma's everyday life is dull indeed; she has few companions her own age when the novel begins. Her determined though inept matchmaking may represent a muted protest against the narrow scope of a wealthy woman's life, especially that of a woman who is single and childless.
  Film and television adaptations
  
  Emma has been the subject of many adaptations:
  
   * 1948: Emma
   * 1972: Emma (BBC 1972 television), starring Doran Godwin as Emma.
   * 1995: Clueless (a loose modern adaptation), starring Alicia Silverstone as Cher Horowitz (Emma).
   * 1996: Emma, starring Gwyneth Paltrow as Emma.
   * 1996: Emma, starring Kate Beckinsale as Emma.
   * 2009: Emma, starring Romola Garai as Emma.
   * 2010: Aisha, starring Sonam Kapoor as Aisha (Emma - Hindi language Version), produced by Rhea Kapoor
第一章
  爱玛·伍德豪斯小姐端庄儒雅、才思敏捷、生性欢乐、家境宽裕,仿佛上苍将最美好的恩赐集中施与她一身了。她在这世界已经生活了将近二十一年,极少遭遇到苦恼或伤心的事情。
   她是两姊妹中年幼的一个,父亲是一位极富慈爱心人,对女儿无比娇惯溺爱。姐姐出嫁后,她早早便担当起家庭女主人的角色。她母亲很久以前就去世了,母亲的爱抚仅仅给她留下一点儿十分模糊的记忆。一位杰出的家庭女教师填补了母亲的空缺,它给与的母爱绝不亚于一位母亲。
   泰勒小姐在伍德豪斯家生活已经有十六年,她不仅是个家庭女教师,更是这个家庭的朋友。她非常喜爱两位姑娘,尤其喜欢爱玛。在她们两人之间,姐妹亲情胜于师生关系。泰勒小姐脾气温和,即使在原来执教时期,也难得强加什么,现在,教师的权威早已烟消云散,他们就像相依为命的朋友一样生活在一起,挨骂喜欢做什么完全由着自己的性子来,虽然她高度尊重泰勒小姐的判断,但是决定主要由自己作主。……(此处有45字不通顺)
   悲哀降临了——仅仅是个轻微的悲哀而已——而且还不是以痛苦的方式降临的——泰勒小姐出嫁了,首先感到的是失去泰勒小姐的悲伤,在这位亲爱的朋友结婚的日子里,爱玛才第一次坐下悲哀的想象着未来,婚礼过后新人离去,饭桌上只剩下父亲和她,不可能指望有第三个人在漫长的夜晚来活跃气氛,她父亲饭后编造早上床安息,她只有自己在炉前痛惜自己的损失。
   她的朋友在这桩婚姻中面临着种种幸福的前景,维斯顿先生的品格无懈可击,财产富足,年纪适中,态度谦和,爱玛想到自己向来希望本着自我牺牲精神和慷慨的友谊促成这桩婚姻,就感到些许满足,但是那天早上的活动对她来说却是阴郁的,每天的每个时辰都感到需要泰勒小姐,她回忆其她慈祥的音容笑貌——十六年来一直地那样和蔼慈祥——及其自己五岁其她便开始教授知识,陪自己做游戏——回忆起她在自己健康时不惜贡献出全部能力,为了使她高兴而时时相伴——在自己幼年生各种疾病时更是百般照料,无微不至,为此她心中时常洋溢感激之情;在伊莎贝拉出嫁后的七年间,家里只剩下她们两人,两人平等相待,毫无保留,那更是亲切美好的回忆。那是个非常难得的朋友加伴侣,富有才华,知识丰富。乐于主人,态度谦和,对家庭的一切都了如指掌,对家里关心的所有事务全都十分不感兴趣——爱玛尽可以将自己的各种念头统统倾诉给她,而绝对不会发现她的慈爱会产生任何瑕疵。
   她该如何忍受这种改变呢?不错,她的朋友离开他们仅仅不足半英里远,但是爱玛意识到,半英里之外的维斯顿太太一定与这所房子中那位泰勒小姐有着天壤之别。尽管她天生便具有优越感,后来更加强了优越意识,然而她却面临精神孤独的极大危险,她热爱自己的父亲,但是他并不是她的伴侣,无论进行理智的还是逗乐的交谈都无法跟上她的思路。
   由于伍德豪斯先生娶亲时已不年轻,父女之间年龄的鸿沟被他的老态和习惯衬托的更加显著,她终生病魔缠身,既不能锻炼身体,也无暇培养心智。于是未老便已先衰,虽然他的友善心灵和们和的脾气,处处文明礼貌赢得人们热爱,但他的天资在任何时候都无法受到恭维。于其他人比较起来,她姐姐并不算嫁得很远,仅仅是住在离家十六英里外的伦敦,然而并不能每日随意来访;他不得不在哈特费尔德宅子熬过十月许多漫长的夜晚,最后才能在圣诞节前夕盼来伊莎贝拉夫妇和他们的孩子,享受与人交往的喜悦。
   海伯里是个规模接近城镇的大村子。尽管哈特费尔德宅子有自己的草坪、灌木丛和自己的名称,但是它其实属于海伯里。然而,在这全村里也找不到能与她的指挥相配的伴侣。伍德豪斯家是当地的望族,为重目所瞩。由于她父亲是一位公认的谦谦君子,她在村里便有许多熟人。然而这些熟人中没有哪一位能代替泰勒小姐,哪怕仅仅是半天也不行。面对这令人忧郁的变化,爱玛除了胡思乱想之外,没有任何办法好想,直到父亲醒来,她才不得不强装出欢乐的模样,他的精神需要有人支持。她适合神经质的男人。有精神忧郁的倾向,喜爱跟自己熟悉的任何人交往,在分手的时候总是感到很难过;他讨厌任何变化,由于婚姻是变化之源,所以他从来就不赞成;他自己亲女儿的婚姻至今也不能得到他的认可;若不是出于同情,他决不会提起他,尽管那是爱的结合。现在,他又不得不与泰勒小姐分手。他是个稍有些自私自利习惯的人,根本不可能想象别人可能跟自己有不同想法,他倾向于认为泰勒小姐作了一件令人伤心的事。他认为她的余生整个在哈特费尔得度过要幸福的多。爱玛微笑着,尽量与他进行快乐的交谈,以便将他的思绪从这问题上转移开,但是,茶点端上来时,却根本无法阻止他一字不差地重复午餐时讲过的话。
   “可怜的泰勒小姐!--我真希望她能重返这里,维斯顿先生怎么会打她的念头,这多可惜呀!”
   “我可不能同意你的看法,爸爸,实在不能同意,维斯顿先生是个杰出的男人,那么诙谐可爱,绝对配得一位贤惠的妻子,她现在有了自己的家,难道还可能跟我们生活在一起,容忍我的种种乖僻?”
   “她自己的家!她自己的家有什么好?这个家比她大三倍。再说,我的亲宝贝,你绝对没有任何乖僻啊。”
   “我们应当经常去拜访他们,他们应当常常来看我们,我们应当常来常往,我们必须开始这样做,经快造访这队形婚的伴侣。”
   “啊,我的老天,我哪能走那么远啊?朗道斯宅子距离这儿那么远,我连一半距离也走不完。”
   “怎么啦,爸爸,谁也不想要你亲自步行。我们当然要乘马车去。”
   “乘马车,可是为了走这么点路,詹姆士不会喜欢套车。我们拜访的时候,可怜的马儿该待在什么地方呢?”
   “把它们拴在维斯顿的马厩里啊。爸爸,你记得我们早已解决了这个问题啦,昨天晚上我们已经和维斯顿先生谈过这事。至于詹姆士,我敢肯定,他永远喜欢到朗道斯宅子去,因为他的女儿正在那里做女仆,我不能肯定的只是除了那个地方他是不是喜欢送我们到其他地方去,那可是你的功劳,爸爸,你给了汉娜那份肥缺,要不是你提起汉娜,谁也不会想到她--詹姆士对你满心感激呢!”
   “我真高兴当时想起了她。真是幸运,因为我不愿意让可怜的詹姆士在任何情况下感到自己低人一等,另外,我相信她会是一名好佣人。她是个举止得体、言谈礼貌的姑娘;我对她的评价很高。不论任何时候,只要我看到她,她便会以相当优雅的姿态向我行礼请安;而且你叫她来这儿来做女工的时候,我注意到,她从来都用正确的方式转动门纽,从不摔响门。我能肯定,她会成为一名了不起的佣人;对于可怜的泰勒小姐来说,身边有个熟悉的人该是多大的安慰啊。你知道,是要詹姆士去看自己的女儿,她就能听到我们的消息。他会把我们大家的情况都告诉她的。”
   爱玛不遗余力地鼓励父亲娓娓道出这些令人愉快的想法,而且还希望借助一副五子棋,让父亲度过晚上的时光而不感到厌倦,她要把遗憾藏进内心,不愿提起任何不愉快的事,棋桌已经摆好,但是立刻就变得毫无必要,一位客人来造访了。
   奈特利先生是个有理智的人,年纪大约三十七八岁。他不仅是这个家庭亲密的老朋友,而且由于他是伊莎贝拉丈夫的兄长,便于这个家庭有一层特殊的关系。他家距离海伯里村约一哩远。他是这个家庭的常客,总是受到欢迎,此刻比平时更受欢迎,因为他是直接从伦敦他们共同的亲戚那里来得。外出几天返回后,今天午饭吃得很晚,现在到哈特费尔的宅子来通报说,住在不伦瑞克广场那边的家人全都暗号。这是个愉快的消息,伍德豪斯先生于是兴奋了一阵子。奈特利先生的欢乐情绪从来都能让他感到愉快,他那些关于“可怜的伊莎贝拉”以及关于孩子们的问题全都得到最令人满意的答复。之一切结束后。伍德豪斯先生一本正经的评论说道:
   “奈特利先生,非常感谢您这么晚了还来看望我们。我真替你担心,怕你在路上担惊受怕。”
   “根本不会,先生。今晚月光皎洁明亮,而且十分暖和,所以我必须里你这这炉旺火些。”
   “可是路上一定非常潮湿泥泞。希望你不至于着凉。”
   “泥泞,先生!看看我的鞋子吧,上面连一点儿污渍都没沾上。”
   “哎呦!这可就怪了,我们吃早饭时这儿下过挺大的雨,有半个小时,雨下的大极了。我甚至想劝他们推迟婚期呢。”
   “顺便说说--我还没有向你们道贺呢。我完全了解你们在体验着怎样的痛苦,所以也就不急于向你们道喜了。不过,我希望大家都勇于忍受。让这是平静的过去。他家怎么样啊?谁哭得最凶?”
   “啊!可怜的泰勒小姐!真是一桩悲伤的事。”
   “请你们原谅,伍德豪斯先生和伍德豪斯小姐,我绝对不会说‘可怜的泰勒小姐’。我对您和爱玛极为尊敬,只有在依附和独立问题上是个例外!不管怎么说,让一个人满意要比让两个人都满意要容易的多。”
   “尤其是两个人当中还有一个如此善于空想,如此惹人恼火!”爱玛戏谚道。“我知道这就是你脑子里的想法--如果我父亲伍在场,你肯定会开口这么说的。”
   “我相信真是这样的,亲爱的,真的,”伍德豪斯先生叹了口气说,“恐怕我有时非常善于空想,实在惹人恼火。”
   “我最亲爱的爸爸!你不至于认为我真的这么想,也不会认为奈特利先生会有这种想法吧。多么可怕的念头!哦,不是这样的!我说的是我自己。你知道的,奈特利先生喜欢挑我的毛病--那是个玩笑--全是在开玩笑。我们交谈从来是想说什么就说什么。”
   的确,奈特利先生属于很少几位能看出爱玛·伍德豪斯不足之处的人,而且是唯一愿意告诉她这些不足的人。尽管爱玛自己也并不十分喜欢这种还,然而她知道,父亲听了会感到更加不快,所以,她甚至不愿意父亲稍稍猜疑到大家认为她并不完美无瑕。
   “爱玛知道我从来不奉承她,”奈特利先生说,“但我并非指责任何人。泰勒小姐已经习惯于让两个人感到满意,可现在只剩一位可照料。所以她准能从中获利。”
   “喂,”爱玛愿意放过这事不谈,“你要想听听婚礼的事,我很高兴想你讲述,因为我们大家的举止全都优雅得体。每个人都准时出席,每个人都展示出最佳面貌。没有流过一滴眼泪,也几乎没有看到拉长的面孔。啊!不是吗?我们大家都感到只不过分开半英里里的距离,都相形每天都会见面的。”
   “爱玛亲亲对任何情况都能忍受得了,”她父亲说道。“可是,奈特利先生,她失去可怜的泰勒小姐其实非常伤心,我能肯定,她准会想念她的,一定比自己想象的程度深的多。”
   爱玛扭转脸,强壮出微笑,却止不住涌出泪水。
   “爱玛不可能不想念那样一位伴侣,”奈特利先生说,“假如她不想念的话,我们以前也不会那样喜欢她了。但是,她知道这桩婚姻对泰勒小姐有多么的有益,也知道泰勒小姐这个岁数上,拥有自己的家庭准是求之不得的事,也知道泰勒小姐能过有保障的舒适生活是多么重要,因此她准不会让自己的悲伤压倒喜悦。泰勒小姐的每一位朋友看到她婚姻如此幸福,一定会感到高兴。”
   “你忘掉我的一件乐事,”爱玛说,“而且是一件非常重要的事--是我本人从中牵的线。你知道吗,是我在四年前做的媒。当时许多人说维斯顿先生决不会再婚,可我还是促成了这桩喜事,没有什么比这事更让我惬意了。”
   奈特利先生冲着她摇了摇头。她父亲糊里糊涂的回答道:“啊!亲爱的,我真希望你没做过什么媒,也没有预言过什么事情,因为你说的话都会成为现实。求你别再给人做媒了。”
   “爸爸,我保证不给我自己作媒。但是我必须为其他人做媒。这可是世界上最大的乐事!特别是在成功之后!--大家都说,维斯顿先生绝对不会再婚了。啊,天哪,可不是嘛!维斯顿先生已经经鳏居了这么久,看上去没有妻子过的舒适极了,总是忙得不可开交,不是在城里埋头做生意,就是跟这里的朋友们消磨时光,不论到哪儿都给人带去欢乐,都受到大家欢迎--如果维斯顿先生自己愿意的话,一年中他连一个夜晚也用不着独自度过。咻,可不是嘛!维斯顿先生当然绝对不会再婚。有些人甚至风传他在妻子死前曾法过誓,另外一些传言说是他儿子和舅父不准他再婚。关于这事有过各式各样一本正经的胡话,可我一样也不相信。四年前的那一天,我和泰勒小姐在百老会遇到他,天下起了蒙蒙雨,他殷勤地跑开,从农场主米切尔那里为我们借来两把伞。我当时便打定了主意。只从那时起,我就制定好了做媒计划。亲爱的爸爸,我在这件事情收获得如此巨大的成功,你不至于认为我会就此放弃做媒吧。”
   “我不明白你说的‘成功’,是什么意思,”奈特利先生说。“成功意味着进行过努力奋斗。假如说你努力奋斗了四年才促成这桩婚姻,那么你的时间就花得恰到好处,也十分周到。不过,照我想象,你所谓的做媒只不过是你为这事做了点筹划而已,你在一个闲得无聊的日子自言自语说:‘我觉得如果维斯顿先生要去泰勒小姐的话,对泰勒小姐来说可是再好不过的事情了。’以后过一阵子就这么自言自语一番--你有什么成功可言?你的功绩何在?有什么值得自豪?你不过运气好碰巧猜中一个么。无非如此而已。”
   难道你从来没有体会过猜中一个谜的得意和喜悦吗?我可怜你。我愿意为你聪明的多,海象以来你呢,碰巧猜中并不仅仅是运气而已。其中一定包含着天赋。我用了那个可怜字眼‘成功’,就让你抓住不妨,没想到我对这个词完全没有使用权。你描绘了两幅图画--不过我认为还可以有第三幅--介于什么也不做和什么都做之间。假若我没有促成维斯顿先生来此做客,没有给他许多微妙的鼓励,没有在于多问题上打圆场,或许根本就不会有任何结果。我认为你必须相当熟悉哈特费尔的宅子,然后才能理解这事。”
   “一位像维斯顿那样诚实而直率的男人,和泰勒小姐那种理智而朴实的女人单独在一起,可以泰然应付他们自己关心的事情。你涉足其间做的事情可能对他们本无益处,而且可能对你自己还很有害呢。”
   “爱玛帮助别人时从来不考虑自己,”伍德豪斯先生不解其中味,重新打进他们的交谈。“但是,我亲爱的,请你别再替人作媒了,那不但是犯傻,而且严重地破坏人家的家庭生活。”
   “在作一次,爸爸。仅仅替埃尔顿先生作一次,咻,可怜的埃尔顿先生!你喜欢埃尔顿先生的,爸爸。我必须为他物色一位妻子。海伯里村没有人配的上他。他在这儿已经生活了整整一年啦,房子安顿的那么舒适,再独身一人过下去简直太可惜了。他们今天握手的时候我便产生了这样的想法,他看上去仿佛特别希望自己也接受同样的仪式!我杜埃尔顿先生的印象很好,只是我替他做点贡献的唯一方法。”
   “埃尔顿先生无疑是个非常漂亮的年轻人,而且是个非常好的青年,我对他极为尊重。但是,亲爱的,倘若你愿意向他表示关心,那就请他改天来与我们共进一餐。那将士更好的方式。我冒昧地说,奈特利先生也许高兴见他。”
   “极为高兴,随时乐意,”奈特利先生笑道。“我还同意您的说法,那将是更好的方式。爱玛,请他来吃饭吧,请他吃最上等的雨柔和肌肉,至于说妻子嘛,要留待他自己去选择。相信他自己吧,一个二十六七岁的男人会照料自己的。”


  Emma Woodhouse, handsome, clever, and rich, with a comfortable home and happy disposition, seemed to unite some of the best blessings of existence; and had lived nearly twenty-one years in the world with very little to distress or vex her.
   She was the youngest of the two daughters of a most affectionate, indulgent father; and had, in consequence of her sister's marriage, been mistress of his house from a very early period. Her mother had died too long ago for her to have more than an indistinct remembrance of her caresses; and her place had been supplied by an excellent woman as governess, who had fallen little short of a mother in affection.
   Sixteen years had Miss Taylor been in Mr. Woodhouse's family, less as a governess than a friend, very fond of both daughters, but particularly of Emma. Between _them_ it was more the intimacy of sisters. Even before Miss Taylor had ceased to hold the nominal office of governess, the mildness of her temper had hardly allowed her to impose any restraint; and the shadow of authority being now long passed away, they had been living together as friend and friend very mutually attached, and Emma doing just what she liked; highly esteeming Miss Taylor's judgment, but directed chiefly by her own.
   The real evils, indeed, of Emma's situation were the power of having rather too much her own way, and a disposition to think a little too well of herself; these were the disadvantages which threatened alloy to her many enjoyments. The danger, however, was at present so unperceived, that they did not by any means rank as misfortunes with her.
   Sorrow came--a gentle sorrow--but not at all in the shape of any disagreeable consciousness. --Miss Taylor married. It was Miss Taylor's loss which first brought grief. It was on the wedding-day of this beloved friend that Emma first sat in mournful thought of any continuance. The wedding over, and the bride-people gone, her father and herself were left to dine together, with no prospect of a third to cheer a long evening. Her father composed himself to sleep after dinner, as usual, and she had then only to sit and think of what she had lost.
   The event had every promise of happiness for her friend. Mr. Weston was a man of unexceptionable character, easy fortune, suitable age, and pleasant manners; and there was some satisfaction in considering with what self-denying, generous friendship she had always wished and promoted the match; but it was a black morning's work for her. The want of Miss Taylor would be felt every hour of every day. She recalled her past kindness--the kindness, the affection of sixteen years--how she had taught and how she had played with her from five years old--how she had devoted all her powers to attach and amuse her in health--and how nursed her through the various illnesses of childhood. A large debt of gratitude was owing here; but the intercourse of the last seven years, the equal footing and perfect unreserve which had soon followed Isabella's marriage, on their being left to each other, was yet a dearer, tenderer recollection. She had been a friend and companion such as few possessed: intelligent, well-informed, useful, gentle, knowing all the ways of the family, interested in all its concerns, and peculiarly interested in herself, in every pleasure, every scheme of hers--one to whom she could speak every thought as it arose, and who had such an affection for her as could never find fault.
   How was she to bear the change?--It was true that her friend was going only half a mile from them; but Emma was aware that great must be the difference between a Mrs. Weston, only half a mile from them, and a Miss Taylor in the house; and with all her advantages, natural and domestic, she was now in great danger of suffering from intellectual solitude. She dearly loved her father, but he was no companion for her. He could not meet her in conversation, rational or playful.
   The evil of the actual disparity in their ages (and Mr. Woodhouse had not married early) was much increased by his constitution and habits; for having been a valetudinarian all his life, without activity of mind or body, he was a much older man in ways than in years; and though everywhere beloved for the friendliness of his heart and his amiable temper, his talents could not have recommended him at any time.
   Her sister, though comparatively but little removed by matrimony, being settled in London, only sixteen miles off, was much beyond her daily reach; and many a long October and November evening must be struggled through at Hartfield, before Christmas brought the next visit from Isabella and her husband, and their little children, to fill the house, and give her pleasant society again.
   Highbury, the large and populous village, almost amounting to a town, to which Hartfield, in spite of its separate lawn, and shrubberies, and name, did really belong, afforded her no equals. The Woodhouses were first in consequence there. All looked up to them. She had many acquaintance in the place, for her father was universally civil, but not one among them who could be accepted in lieu of Miss Taylor for even half a day. It was a melancholy change; and Emma could not but sigh over it, and wish for impossible things, till her father awoke, and made it necessary to be cheerful. His spirits required support. He was a nervous man, easily depressed; fond of every body that he was used to, and hating to part with them; hating change of every kind. Matrimony, as the origin of change, was always disagreeable; and he was by no means yet reconciled to his own daughter's marrying, nor could ever speak of her but with compassion, though it had been entirely a match of affection, when he was now obliged to part with Miss Taylor too; and from his habits of gentle selfishness, and of being never able to suppose that other people could feel differently from himself, he was very much disposed to think Miss Taylor had done as sad a thing for herself as for them, and would have been a great deal happier if she had spent all the rest of her life at Hartfield. Emma smiled and chatted as cheerfully as she could, to keep him from such thoughts; but when tea came, it was impossible for him not to say exactly as he had said at dinner,
   "Poor Miss Taylor!--I wish she were here again. What a pity it is that Mr. Weston ever thought of her!"
   "I cannot agree with you, papa; you know I cannot. Mr. Weston is such a good-humoured, pleasant, excellent man, that he thoroughly deserves a good wife;--and you would not have had Miss Taylor live with us for ever, and bear all my odd humours, when she might have a house of her own?"
   "A house of her own!--But where is the advantage of a house of her own? This is three times as large. --And you have never any odd humours, my dear. "
   "How often we shall be going to see them, and they coming to see us!--We shall be always meeting! _We_ must begin; we must go and pay wedding visit very soon. "
   "My dear, how am I to get so far? Randalls is such a distance. I could not walk half so far. "
   "No, papa, nobody thought of your walking. We must go in the carriage, to be sure. "
   "The carriage! But James will not like to put the horses to for such a little way;--and where are the poor horses to be while we are paying our visit?"
   "They are to be put into Mr. Weston's stable, papa. You know we have settled all that already. We talked it all over with Mr. Weston last night. And as for James, you may be very sure he will always like going to Randalls, because of his daughter's being housemaid there. I only doubt whether he will ever take us anywhere else. That was your doing, papa. You got Hannah that good place. Nobody thought of Hannah till you mentioned her--James is so obliged to you!"
   "I am very glad I did think of her. It was very lucky, for I would not have had poor James think himself slighted upon any account; and I am sure she will make a very good servant: she is a civil, pretty-spoken girl; I have a great opinion of her. Whenever I see her, she always curtseys and asks me how I do, in a very pretty manner; and when you have had her here to do needlework, I observe she always turns the lock of the door the right way and never bangs it. I am sure she will be an excellent servant; and it will be a great comfort to poor Miss Taylor to have somebody about her that she is used to see. Whenever James goes over to see his daughter, you know, she will be hearing of us. He will be able to tell her how we all are. "
   Emma spared no exertions to maintain this happier flow of ideas, and hoped, by the help of backgammon, to get her father tolerably through the evening, and be attacked by no regrets but her own. The backgammon-table was placed; but a visitor immediately afterwards walked in and made it unnecessary.
   Mr. Knightley, a sensible man about seven or eight-and-thirty, was not only a very old and intimate friend of the family, but particularly connected with it, as the elder brother of Isabella's husband. He lived about a mile from Highbury, was a frequent visitor, and always welcome, and at this time more welcome than usual, as coming directly from their mutual connexions in London. He had returned to a late dinner, after some days' absence, and now walked up to Hartfield to say that all were well in Brunswick Square. It was a happy circumstance, and animated Mr. Woodhouse for some time. Mr. Knightley had a cheerful manner, which always did him good; and his many inquiries after "poor Isabella" and her children were answered most satisfactorily. When this was over, Mr. Woodhouse gratefully observed, "It is very kind of you, Mr. Knightley, to come out at this late hour to call upon us. I am afraid you must have had a shocking walk. "
   "Not at all, sir. It is a beautiful moonlight night; and so mild that I must draw back from your great fire. "
   "But you must have found it very damp and dirty. I wish you may not catch cold. "
   "Dirty, sir! Look at my shoes. Not a speck on them. "
   "Well! that is quite surprising, for we have had a vast deal of rain here. It rained dreadfully hard for half an hour while we were at breakfast. I wanted them to put off the wedding. "
   "By the bye--I have not wished you joy. Being pretty well aware of what sort of joy you must both be feeling, I have been in no hurry with my congratulations; but I hope it all went off tolerably well. How did you all behave? Who cried most?"
   "Ah! poor Miss Taylor! 'Tis a sad business. "
   "Poor Mr. and Miss Woodhouse, if you please; but I cannot possibly say `poor Miss Taylor. ' I have a great regard for you and Emma; but when it comes to the question of dependence or independence!--At any rate, it must be better to have only one to please than two. "
   "Especially when _one_ of those two is such a fanciful, troublesome creature!" said Emma playfully. "That is what you have in your head, I know--and what you would certainly say if my father were not by. "
   "I believe it is very true, my dear, indeed, " said Mr. Woodhouse, with a sigh. "I am afraid I am sometimes very fanciful and troublesome. "
   "My dearest papa! You do not think I could mean _you_, or suppose Mr. Knightley to mean _you_. What a horrible idea! Oh no! I meant only myself. Mr. Knightley loves to find fault with me, you know-- in a joke--it is all a joke. We always say what we like to one another. "
   Mr. Knightley, in fact, was one of the few people who could see faults in Emma Woodhouse, and the only one who ever told her of them: and though this was not particularly agreeable to Emma herself, she knew it would be so much less so to her father, that she would not have him really suspect such a circumstance as her not being thought perfect by every body.
   "Emma knows I never flatter her, " said Mr. Knightley, "but I meant no reflection on any body. Miss Taylor has been used to have two persons to please; she will now have but one. The chances are that she must be a gainer. "
   "Well, " said Emma, willing to let it pass--"you want to hear about the wedding; and I shall be happy to tell you, for we all behaved charmingly. Every body was punctual, every body in their best looks: not a tear, and hardly a long face to be seen. Oh no; we all felt that we were going to be only half a mile apart, and were sure of meeting every day. "
   "Dear Emma bears every thing so well, " said her father. "But, Mr. Knightley, she is really very sorry to lose poor Miss Taylor, and I am sure she _will_ miss her more than she thinks for. "
   Emma turned away her head, divided between tears and smiles. "It is impossible that Emma should not miss such a companion, " said Mr. Knightley. "We should not like her so well as we do, sir, if we could suppose it; but she knows how much the marriage is to Miss Taylor's advantage; she knows how very acceptable it must be, at Miss Taylor's time of life, to be settled in a home of her own, and how important to her to be secure of a comfortable provision, and therefore cannot allow herself to feel so much pain as pleasure. Every friend of Miss Taylor must be glad to have her so happily married. "
   "And you have forgotten one matter of joy to me, " said Emma, "and a very considerable one--that I made the match myself. I made the match, you know, four years ago; and to have it take place, and be proved in the right, when so many people said Mr. Weston would never marry again, may comfort me for any thing. "
   Mr. Knightley shook his head at her. Her father fondly replied, "Ah! my dear, I wish you would not make matches and foretell things, for whatever you say always comes to pass. Pray do not make any more matches. "
   "I promise you to make none for myself, papa; but I must, indeed, for other people. It is the greatest amusement in the world! And after such success, you know!--Every body said that Mr. Weston would never marry again. Oh dear, no! Mr. Weston, who had been a widower so long, and who seemed so perfectly comfortable without a wife, so constantly occupied either in his business in town or among his friends here, always acceptable wherever he went, always cheerful-- Mr. Weston need not spend a single evening in the year alone if he did not like it. Oh no! Mr. Weston certainly would never marry again. Some people even talked of a promise to his wife on her deathbed, and others of the son and the uncle not letting him. All manner of solemn nonsense was talked on the subject, but I believed none of it.
   "Ever since the day--about four years ago--that Miss Taylor and I met with him in Broadway Lane, when, because it began to drizzle, he darted away with so much gallantry, and borrowed two umbrellas for us from Farmer Mitchell's, I made up my mind on the subject. I planned the match from that hour; and when such success has blessed me in this instance, dear papa, you cannot think that I shall leave off match-making. "
   "I do not understand what you mean by `success, '" said Mr. Knightley. "Success supposes endeavour. Your time has been properly and delicately spent, if you have been endeavouring for the last four years to bring about this marriage. A worthy employment for a young lady's mind! But if, which I rather imagine, your making the match, as you call it, means only your planning it, your saying to yourself one idle day, `I think it would be a very good thing for Miss Taylor if Mr. Weston were to marry her, ' and saying it again to yourself every now and then afterwards, why do you talk of success? Where is your merit? What are you proud of? You made a lucky guess; and _that_ is all that can be said. "
   "And have you never known the pleasure and triumph of a lucky guess?-- I pity you. --I thought you cleverer--for, depend upon it a lucky guess is never merely luck. There is always some talent in it. And as to my poor word `success, ' which you quarrel with, I do not know that I am so entirely without any claim to it. You have drawn two pretty pictures; but I think there may be a third--a something between the do-nothing and the do-all. If I had not promoted Mr. Weston's visits here, and given many little encouragements, and smoothed many little matters, it might not have come to any thing after all. I think you must know Hartfield enough to comprehend that. "
   "A straightforward, open-hearted man like Weston, and a rational, unaffected woman like Miss Taylor, may be safely left to manage their own concerns. You are more likely to have done harm to yourself, than good to them, by interference. "
   "Emma never thinks of herself, if she can do good to others, " rejoined Mr. Woodhouse, understanding but in part. "But, my dear, pray do not make any more matches; they are silly things, and break up one's family circle grievously. "
   "Only one more, papa; only for Mr. Elton. Poor Mr. Elton! You like Mr. Elton, papa, --I must look about for a wife for him. There is nobody in Highbury who deserves him--and he has been here a whole year, and has fitted up his house so comfortably, that it would be a shame to have him single any longer--and I thought when he was joining their hands to-day, he looked so very much as if he would like to have the same kind office done for him! I think very well of Mr. Elton, and this is the only way I have of doing him a service. "
   "Mr. Elton is a very pretty young man, to be sure, and a very good young man, and I have a great regard for him. But if you want to shew him any attention, my dear, ask him to come and dine with us some day. That will be a much better thing. I dare say Mr. Knightley will be so kind as to meet him. "
   "With a great deal of pleasure, sir, at any time, " said Mr. Knightley, laughing, "and I agree with you entirely, that it will be a much better thing. Invite him to dinner, Emma, and help him to the best of the fish and the chicken, but leave him to chuse his own wife. Depend upon it, a man of six or seven-and-twenty can take care of himself. "
第二章
  维斯顿先生出身于海伯里一个乡绅门第。他的家族在过去的两三代中逐渐积累起财富,成为体面的上流人家。他受过良好的教育,早年接受到一小笔遗产不必自食其力后,厌倦了兄弟们从事的家族传统生计,遂从军效力于国家,他活泼欢快的天性和热衷社交活动的性格因而得到满足。
   维斯顿上尉是个广受喜爱的人物。借军队活动之便,他有机会结识了约克郡一个望族--丘吉尔家的小姐,丘吉尔小姐爱上他没有让任何人感到意外,只有她的兄嫂颇感吃惊,他们从来未与他某过面,但是这对自是清高,傲慢自负的夫妇认为,这种关系对他们的地位是一种冒犯。
   然而,丘吉尔小姐已经成年,对自己的财产享有自主权--她的财产再家族产业中所占比例甚小--谁的劝说也休想阻止这桩婚事。结果婚礼在丘吉尔先生和丘吉尔太太极端恼恨的情况下举行后,两人便以体面的方式将她逐出家门。这桩婚事并不合适,也没有带来多少幸福。因为她热心而善良的丈夫对她作出巨大的牺牲的爱,一向以面面俱到的关怀来回报。然而,尽管她不乏一种精神,却并不具备种种最佳品质。她有足够坚定的决心不顾兄长的反对坚持自己的意愿,但是,兄长毫无道理的愤怒激发出她心中不合情理的遗憾,却是她的决心所无法克服的,对过去那个家的奢华生活她也不无怀念之情。他们过着支出大于收入的生活,即使如此,也无法与恩斯康伯宅子里的生活相提并论。她并没有移情别恋,但是,她既想作维斯顿上尉的妻子,又像同时作恩斯康伯宅子的丘吉尔小姐。
   维斯顿上尉在大家的心目中--尤其在丘吉尔家人的心目中--是个门当户对的佳偶,结果证明,这宗交易糟糕之至,她的妻子婚后的三年去世时,他比婚前更加贫寒,而且还得养育一个孩子。不过,他不久就用不着为养孩子的费用操心了。孩子后来成了和解的使者,母亲长期病痛软化了其兄嫂的强硬态度,加上丘吉尔先生和太太自己无嗣,家族里也没有其他晚辈可供他们照顾,她去世后不久,他们便提出对弗兰克的一切全盘负责。丧偶后的父亲自然会生出种种顾虑和不情愿,但是其他考虑占了上风,孩子便被送到富有的丘吉尔家接受照料。他现在只需追求自身的舒适,也只有自己的境遇需要尽力改善。
   他的生活急需一场彻底改变,他便弃戎从商。几个兄弟在伦敦已经奠定了坚实的商业基础,他因而获得开业的有利条件。那只是个区区小店,刚能保证他有事可作。他在海伯里有一所小房子,他的大多数闲暇时日就在那里度过。在繁忙的事务和交友的欢乐时光更迭之间,他又愉快的度过了十八到二十年。到了这时候,他的财产日渐充盈--足够买下于海伯里相邻的一小片地产,那时他长期以来渴望得到的--也足够与一位像泰勒小姐那种没有陪嫁的女人结婚,然后随着自己的意愿,由着他本人的友好而善于社交的性格生活下去。。
   泰勒小姐开始影响他的计划已经有些时日,但并不是年轻人对年轻人所施加的那种统治性的影响,并没有动摇他买下朗道斯宅子前不定终生的决心。他就已盼望购买朗道斯宅子,她心中怀着这个目标,稳扎稳打地干下去,直到使之成为现实。他获得了属于自己的财富,买到了房子,娶到了妻子,开始了新生活,比以前任何时期都具有获得更多幸福的机会。他从来就不是个不愉快的人,这是他的脾性使然,即使在他的一次婚姻中也是这样。但是,他的第二次婚姻准能像他证明,以为独具慧眼、和蔼可亲的女人能给他多大的喜悦;也能像他证明主动选择比被对方选中要愉快的多,使对方产生感激之情也比感激对方更加愉快。
   他喜欢做什么都随自己的心愿,他的财产完全属于自己。至于弗兰克,他已经不静静事心照不宣地作为他舅舅的子嗣得到培养,领养关系已经公开声明过,并且要在成年使用丘吉尔的姓氏。因此,他需要父亲帮助的可能性微乎其微。他父亲对此丝毫也不担忧。那位舅母是位扩悍的女人实实在在统治者自己的丈夫。维斯顿先生自然像不出,即使一个悍妇,对如此亲爱的人又能有什么害,他相信他们之间的亲情是理所当然的。他每年都要在伦敦见儿子一面,并且为他感到自豪。他向海伯里诉说自己的儿子已经是个标志的年轻人,大家也都替他感到某种骄傲。大家都认为他完全属于本的,他的成就和未来也是大家关心的内容。佛兰克·丘吉尔先生成了海波里众多值得夸耀的事情之一,渴望见到他的好奇心渐渐凝成大家的心事。然而种种恭维受到的汇报的希望及其渺茫,他直径从未光临。大家常常谈起他即将拜访父亲,但这事从来没有成为现实。
   现在,大家普遍认为,父亲新婚电力是个最值得关注的事件,儿子来此拜访应当成行。在这个问题上,大家没有任何不同意见,不论是在佩里太太与贝兹太太和贝兹小姐共进茶点时,还是在贝兹太太和贝兹小姐回访时。都没有异议。现在弗兰克·丘吉尔先生应该到他们中间来啦。这种希望由于得知他给新婚母亲写过贺信而得到了加强。一连几天,海伯里串门拜访之间的寒暄中都少不了提到维斯顿太太收到的那封内容友好的来信:“我猜哪,你准听说过佛兰克·丘吉尔先生写给维斯顿太太的那封漂亮的信吧?我知道那准是一封美好的信,是伍德豪斯先生告诉我的。伍德豪斯先生看过那封信,他说他一辈子从来没看过那么好的信。”
   那封信的确收到高度重视。当然,维斯顿太太因此对这位年轻人形成了非常美好的印象。写信的口吻礼貌倍至令人愉快,完全真名他又极好的良知。他们的婚姻受到各种渠道和各种方式的恭贺,这封贺信则是最受欢迎的。她感到自己是世界上最幸运的女人。她的年纪已经足够成熟,侍奉清楚大家对它的幸运又怎言的看法,然而,唯一的缺憾便是与朋友们在一定程度上的分离,不过朋友与她之间的友谊绝对不会冷淡下去,谁能忍受得了与她分手呢!
   她知道,爱玛会不时的想念她。她也不无痛苦地想念她。她也不无痛苦地想象爱玛没有她的陪伴,失去一桩乐事,或者说遭受一时的无聊会是怎样的情形;但是可爱的爱玛性格并不懦弱;对于面临的局面她比大多数的姑娘更有应付能力;而且她有理智,有能力,也有精神,能够以愉快的心情去克服小小的困难和怅然。她颇感安慰的想到朗道斯宅子与哈特费尔德宅子之间的距离如此近捷,即使一个女人独自步行也很方便;维斯顿先生的脾气和蔼,经济状况宽松;这些条件不会妨碍他们未来每周在一起消磨半数夜晚的时光。
   她为自己等成为维斯顿太太而心中长时间充满感恩知情,只有几个片刻稍敢遗憾。她的满足——不止是满足而已--她愉快的乐趣都是那样的真实而明确。
   尽管爱玛对自己的父亲非常了解,但当在他们具备各种舒适条件的朗道斯宅子与她道别,或者晚上目送她由丈夫陪同登上她自家的马车时,听到父亲仍然用“可怜的泰勒小姐”表示惋惜,爱玛还是不禁感到十分诧异。她离开时,伍德豪斯先生没有那一次不温和的叹一口气,说:
   “唉!可怜的泰勒小姐。她要嫩留下来,心中准会感到高兴。”
   泰勒小姐的损失一进步可挽回——也没有迹象显示他从此不再对她表示怜悯。但是几个星期的交往给伍德豪斯带来些许安慰。邻居们的恭贺之声已经消散;人们也不再借如此伤心的事件为话柄以祝贺来嘲弄他;让他感到极为沮丧的婚礼蛋糕终于吃光。它的胃口在也填不进更多油腻,他绝不相信别人可能与他不同。凡是对他有害的东西,他便认为对其他人也不利,于是,他态度诚恳地劝说人们却对不要制作婚礼蛋糕,这项尝试以失败告终后,他又诚恳地设法劝阻任何人吃蛋糕。他甚至不厌其烦地就此向佩里医生请教。佩里医生是一位知识丰富的绅士,他的频繁拜访是伍德豪斯先生生活的一项慰藉;佩里医生一再受到追问后,尽管看上去显得颇为不情愿,但是不得不承认说,婚礼蛋糕或许的确对许多人——或许对大多数人都不适宜,除非食用量有所节制。这个观点自然佐证了伍德豪斯先生自己的看法,于是他便希望影响新婚夫妇的每一位访客;然而,蛋糕还是吃光了;他那善意的神经直到蛋糕消失净尽前一直无法松弛下来。
   海伯里流传着一种奇怪的谣言,说是有人看见佩里家的孩子灭人手中拿过一块维斯顿太太的婚礼蛋糕。但是伍德豪斯先生绝对不相信这种无稽之谈。


  Mr. Weston was a native of Highbury, and born of a respectable family, which for the last two or three generations had been rising into gentility and property. He had received a good education, but, on succeeding early in life to a small independence, had become indisposed for any of the more homely pursuits in which his brothers were engaged, and had satisfied an active, cheerful mind and social temper by entering into the militia of his county, then embodied.
   Captain Weston was a general favourite; and when the chances of his military life had introduced him to Miss Churchill, of a great Yorkshire family, and Miss Churchill fell in love with him, nobody was surprized, except her brother and his wife, who had never seen him, and who were full of pride and importance, which the connexion would offend.
   Miss Churchill, however, being of age, and with the full command of her fortune--though her fortune bore no proportion to the family-estate--was not to be dissuaded from the marriage, and it took place, to the infinite mortification of Mr. and Mrs. Churchill, who threw her off with due decorum. It was an unsuitable connexion, and did not produce much happiness. Mrs. Weston ought to have found more in it, for she had a husband whose warm heart and sweet temper made him think every thing due to her in return for the great goodness of being in love with him; but though she had one sort of spirit, she had not the best. She had resolution enough to pursue her own will in spite of her brother, but not enough to refrain from unreasonable regrets at that brother's unreasonable anger, nor from missing the luxuries of her former home. They lived beyond their income, but still it was nothing in comparison of Enscombe: she did not cease to love her husband, but she wanted at once to be the wife of Captain Weston, and Miss Churchill of Enscombe.
   Captain Weston, who had been considered, especially by the Churchills, as making such an amazing match, was proved to have much the worst of the bargain; for when his wife died, after a three years' marriage, he was rather a poorer man than at first, and with a child to maintain. From the expense of the child, however, he was soon relieved. The boy had, with the additional softening claim of a lingering illness of his mother's, been the means of a sort of reconciliation; and Mr. and Mrs. Churchill, having no children of their own, nor any other young creature of equal kindred to care for, offered to take the whole charge of the little Frank soon after her decease. Some scruples and some reluctance the widower-father may be supposed to have felt; but as they were overcome by other considerations, the child was given up to the care and the wealth of the Churchills, and he had only his own comfort to seek, and his own situation to improve as he could.
   A complete change of life became desirable. He quitted the militia and engaged in trade, having brothers already established in a good way in London, which afforded him a favourable opening. It was a concern which brought just employment enough. He had still a small house in Highbury, where most of his leisure days were spent; and between useful occupation and the pleasures of society, the next eighteen or twenty years of his life passed cheerfully away. He had, by that time, realised an easy competence--enough to secure the purchase of a little estate adjoining Highbury, which he had always longed for--enough to marry a woman as portionless even as Miss Taylor, and to live according to the wishes of his own friendly and social disposition.
   It was now some time since Miss Taylor had begun to influence his schemes; but as it was not the tyrannic influence of youth on youth, it had not shaken his determination of never settling till he could purchase Randalls, and the sale of Randalls was long looked forward to; but he had gone steadily on, with these objects in view, till they were accomplished. He had made his fortune, bought his house, and obtained his wife; and was beginning a new period of existence, with every probability of greater happiness than in any yet passed through. He had never been an unhappy man; his own temper had secured him from that, even in his first marriage; but his second must shew him how delightful a well-judging and truly amiable woman could be, and must give him the pleasantest proof of its being a great deal better to choose than to be chosen, to excite gratitude than to feel it.
   He had only himself to please in his choice: his fortune was his own; for as to Frank, it was more than being tacitly brought up as his uncle's heir, it had become so avowed an adoption as to have him assume the name of Churchill on coming of age. It was most unlikely, therefore, that he should ever want his father's assistance. His father had no apprehension of it. The aunt was a capricious woman, and governed her husband entirely; but it was not in Mr. Weston's nature to imagine that any caprice could be strong enough to affect one so dear, and, as he believed, so deservedly dear. He saw his son every year in London, and was proud of him; and his fond report of him as a very fine young man had made Highbury feel a sort of pride in him too. He was looked on as sufficiently belonging to the place to make his merits and prospects a kind of common concern.
   Mr. Frank Churchill was one of the boasts of Highbury, and a lively curiosity to see him prevailed, though the compliment was so little returned that he had never been there in his life. His coming to visit his father had been often talked of but never achieved.
   Now, upon his father's marriage, it was very generally proposed, as a most proper attention, that the visit should take place. There was not a dissentient voice on the subject, either when Mrs. Perry drank tea with Mrs. and Miss Bates, or when Mrs. and Miss Bates returned the visit. Now was the time for Mr. Frank Churchill to come among them; and the hope strengthened when it was understood that he had written to his new mother on the occasion. For a few days, every morning visit in Highbury included some mention of the handsome letter Mrs. Weston had received. "I suppose you have heard of the handsome letter Mr. Frank Churchill has written to Mrs. Weston? I understand it was a very handsome letter, indeed. Mr. Woodhouse told me of it. Mr. Woodhouse saw the letter, and he says he never saw such a handsome letter in his life. "
   It was, indeed, a highly prized letter. Mrs. Weston had, of course, formed a very favourable idea of the young man; and such a pleasing attention was an irresistible proof of his great good sense, and a most welcome addition to every source and every expression of congratulation which her marriage had already secured. She felt herself a most fortunate woman; and she had lived long enough to know how fortunate she might well be thought, where the only regret was for a partial separation from friends whose friendship for her had never cooled, and who could ill bear to part with her.
   She knew that at times she must be missed; and could not think, without pain, of Emma's losing a single pleasure, or suffering an hour's ennui, from the want of her companionableness: but dear Emma was of no feeble character; she was more equal to her situation than most girls would have been, and had sense, and energy, and spirits that might be hoped would bear her well and happily through its little difficulties and privations. And then there was such comfort in the very easy distance of Randalls from Hartfield, so convenient for even solitary female walking, and in Mr. Weston's disposition and circumstances, which would make the approaching season no hindrance to their spending half the evenings in the week together.
   Her situation was altogether the subject of hours of gratitude to Mrs. Weston, and of moments only of regret; and her satisfaction--her more than satisfaction--her cheerful enjoyment, was so just and so apparent, that Emma, well as she knew her father, was sometimes taken by surprize at his being still able to pity `poor Miss Taylor, ' when they left her at Randalls in the centre of every domestic comfort, or saw her go away in the evening attended by her pleasant husband to a carriage of her own. But never did she go without Mr. Woodhouse's giving a gentle sigh, and saying, "Ah, poor Miss Taylor! She would be very glad to stay. "
   There was no recovering Miss Taylor--nor much likelihood of ceasing to pity her; but a few weeks brought some alleviation to Mr. Woodhouse. The compliments of his neighbours were over; he was no longer teased by being wished joy of so sorrowful an event; and the wedding-cake, which had been a great distress to him, was all eat up. His own stomach could bear nothing rich, and he could never believe other people to be different from himself. What was unwholesome to him he regarded as unfit for any body; and he had, therefore, earnestly tried to dissuade them from having any wedding-cake at all, and when that proved vain, as earnestly tried to prevent any body's eating it. He had been at the pains of consulting Mr. Perry, the apothecary, on the subject. Mr. Perry was an intelligent, gentlemanlike man, whose frequent visits were one of the comforts of Mr. Woodhouse's life; and upon being applied to, he could not but acknowledge (though it seemed rather against the bias of inclination) that wedding-cake might certainly disagree with many--perhaps with most people, unless taken moderately. With such an opinion, in confirmation of his own, Mr. Woodhouse hoped to influence every visitor of the newly married pair; but still the cake was eaten; and there was no rest for his benevolent nerves till it was all gone.
   There was a strange rumour in Highbury of all the little Perrys being seen with a slice of Mrs. Weston's wedding-cake in their hands: but Mr. Woodhouse would never believe it.
首页>> 旅游天下>> 言情>> 简·奥斯丁 Jane Austen   英国 United Kingdom   汉诺威王朝   (1775年12月16日1817年7月18日)