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长江火炉与三峡水体
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PostPosted: 2011-05-27 13:12:29    Post subject: 长江火炉与三峡水体 Reply with quote

长江火炉与三峡水体
2011年5月27日

南京,武汉和重庆,一直被称作长江沿岸“三大火炉”,主要是因为这三个大城市是历史名城,而且都在夏季特别炎热的缘故。其实凡是长江沿岸的大小城镇到了夏天多半都是炎热难捱,基本上都是大大小小的“火炉”。我们进一步探讨其“火炉”成因时可以发现,这和这些城镇相处的地理,地貌及气候有很大的关系。因为沿长江的城镇基本上都处于十分接近的纬度,即北纬季风带范围,因此它们气候条件也就很接近。另外,这些城镇都处于长江边上,这也是一个重要的共因。

常识告诉我们,在同样的气温下,湿度小人们感到不会太热;但如果湿度越大,那么人们感觉就越热。这是因为湿度高会阻止人体的出汗散热,这就是湿热效应。

由于水总是往低处流的特点,自然界的江河总是在低洼河谷处流动。而低洼河谷处也正是夏天湿气聚集之处。这就是长江沿岸的城镇在夏天多数都是大大小小“火炉”的原因。

三峡工程完工成库以后,水库形成了一个巨大的水体,其水库面也比原来的江面扩大了很多。水体和陆地相比热系数不同,因此吸热散热和陆地也就不一致。如果夏天陆地热时,水库水体继续往大气散热,就增大空气热度;如果冬天大地冷时,水库水体继续吸热,就会使空气更冷。这就是反空调效应。三峡水库水体是正空调还是反空调,需要进一步用科学观测数据来论证。但目前人们感觉气候比建三峡前变坏,三峡水体有可能就是一个巨大的反空调。

但是另外一点是肯定的:这就是三峡水库加大的水面很大地增加了水面蒸发,也就是使空气近地面水汽增多。河谷盆地效应加上夏天沿长江的副热带高压,水汽不易飘移散开。所以水汽影响之处由于湿度增加而使人们感觉更加湿热的趋势是存在的,这就是“长江火炉效应”。我曾经有文对三峡与都江堰作过对比分析,提出过三峡带来的问题。这里从“长江火炉成因”来分析三峡水体带来的湿热效果。供大家参考。
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