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英国《泰晤士报》:三种国家将成金融危机牺牲品 新华网
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PostPosted: 2008-10-26 16:32:09    Post subject: 英国《泰晤士报》:三种国家将成金融危机牺牲品 新华网 Reply with quote

新华网北京10月26日专电英国《泰晤士报》近日发表题为《新一批金融牺牲品将倒下》的文章,认为三种国家将成为目前这场金融危机的牺牲品。

文章说,过去一周,一系列强劲的余震对匈牙利、乌克兰、俄罗斯、阿根廷及其他位于全球金融体系边缘的很多国家都造成冲击。匈牙利已被迫将利率提高了3个百分点。乌克兰、白俄罗斯和冰岛被迫寻求国际货币基金组织的资金援助。阿根廷政府将私人养老基金国有化的方案引发了恐慌。甚至连拥有世界第三大外汇储备的俄罗斯也突然发现自己面临严重的金融危机。

政府救援银行会引发金融恐慌的不幸国家共分为三类。第一类是有巨额贸易赤字或大规模外债的国家。由于这类国家完全依赖外资流动,因此政府对银行的救助不太可能奏效。这类国家除匈牙利之外,还有保加利亚、罗马尼亚、拉脱维亚、爱沙尼亚和乌克兰等国家。

第二类国家是有有着庞大银行系统的小国,其中最显著的一例就是冰岛。冰岛经济规模微不足道,却有着巨额经常项目赤字。与瑞士联邦政府不同,作为国际借贷者的冰岛政府自身不具备任何信用。如果列支敦士登、安道尔和塞浦路斯也过度扩张当地银行业,就可能面临类似问题。

第三类国家有贸易盈余和充足的储备头寸,但对金融部门监管不力。其中的典型代表是俄罗斯。阿根廷及另外几个拉美国家也可以归入此类。俄罗斯有5600亿美元外汇储备,足以为私营企业的外债提供资金。但这场金融危机暴露了它的致命弱点:通过恶性通货膨胀、蓄意侵占和拖欠支付等手段,俄罗斯政府反复剥削储户。如果政府接管银行,可能会令国际债权人满意,但会造成国内储户的恐慌。
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