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花卉与保健之四十三、名出乡野牵牛花 泄水行气功劳大
杏林老朽
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Joined: 10 Apr 2008
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Location: 安徽芜湖
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PostPosted: 2008-05-30 13:58:26    Post subject: 花卉与保健之四十三、名出乡野牵牛花 泄水行气功劳大 Reply with quote

据梁•陶弘景《本草经集注》记载:[http://oson.ca/userpix/1807_200683041371_1.jpg[/img]的命名来源于乡村野老。据传说,当时有一位患者,病水气不通,腹胀如鼓,诸医束手无策。百般无奈之中,忽然有一位放牛郎送来草药一包。患者服之,一泄而愈。因为当时,谁也不知道这是一包什么草药,人们就以牵牛名之。后经文人捉刀,隐其名曰黑丑。丑者,牛也!牵牛花的子有白色也有黑色,所以人们又叫它白丑或者黑丑或者干脆直呼其名为二丑。
牵牛花属于攀援草本,乡村野外到处都有。房前屋后,蔓绕篱墙,可以高达10米左右。它的花有紫色或浅红色,上部颜色较深,下部颜色较浅或者呈白色,花的形状像喇叭,所以孩子们都喜欢叫它喇叭花。每年到了七月、八月之间,牵牛花开了,红白相间,绿叶葱葱,远远望去,象屏风,象锦缎,点缀着乡野的水光山色。宋•王安石晚年曾赋诗云:“北山输绿涨横陂,直堑回塘滟滟时,细数落花因坐久,缓寻芳草得归迟。”他咏唱的是什么花,没有人能够知道,也许就是牵牛花吧!
牵牛花,药用其子,医家常常用它作为利水药,因为它利水迅速而猛烈。号称金元四大家之一,以攻下派著称的张子和大加倡导,临床应用非常广泛。因而,它的毒副作用也日益被人们所重视。经现代科学研究表明,牵牛子的有效成分在消化道分解后,可以刺激肠道而导致泄下。如果大量使用,除引起呕吐、腹痛、腹泻和粘液血便外,还能刺激肾脏,引起血尿,甚至损及神志,出现语言障碍和休克。所以,与张子和同时代的,也属金元四大家之一的李东垣便发出了警告:二丑“久服脱人元气,利其小便,竭其津液……重则必死,轻则夭人。”
到了明代,李时珍在《本草纲目》中详加论述,载方三十八首之多,并记录了他应用牵牛子治疗疾病的医案。例如,他的外甥柳乔一次得病,大小便都不通,不能坐,也不能卧,只能站着。他呻吟着、哭泣着。痛苦不堪。李时珍看了,在方中加了牵牛子,并加大用量。结果,一剂汤药下肚,小便立即通泄如注,三剂而病痛如失。在临床上,除用于利水外,牵牛子还可用于治疗雀斑,如将它研成极细末,用鸡蛋清调,睡前外敷面部,第二天早晨再洗去。据记载上说,效果不错。小儿夜啼,颇令许多年轻的父母烦恼,请不要急,用牵牛子3克,研末水调,外敷患儿脐上即止。可见,只要辨证确实,牵牛子往往能起到药到病除的奇效。

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人之所病,病疾多;而医之所病,病道少。
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荷梦
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Joined: 19 Dec 2006
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Location: 湖北,黄梅
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PostPosted: 2008-06-01 01:16:33    Post subject: Reply with quote

第一次知牵牛花的药效.
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