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花卉与保健之四十四、吟露傲霜恋华夏 灿烂馥郁发文章
杏林老朽
秀才


Joined: 10 Apr 2008
Posts: 163
Location: 安徽芜湖
杏林老朽Collection
PostPosted: 2008-05-31 13:42:26    Post subject: 花卉与保健之四十四、吟露傲霜恋华夏 灿烂馥郁发文章 Reply with quote

菊花的栽培,在我国已经有了三千多年的历史。早在《礼记•月令》中就有“季秋之月,鞠有黄华”之说。战国时期,屈原的《离骚》中就有“朝饮木兰之坠露兮,夕餐秋菊之落英。”的辞句。唐时,菊被移入庭院,宋代发展到盆栽。至明、清,仅菊志、菊谱就有三十余部。现在,菊花已成为世界名花,品种不下三千余种。
关于菊花,历史上还有一段故事,宋朝苏轼,才气横溢,文章为唐宋八大家之一,善诗词,工书画,落笔千言,不假思索,恃才傲物,一生屡受打击。王安石作宰相,东坡属于门下。因为得罪王安石,由翰林学士贬为湖州刺史。三年任满,回京朝见。去拜见安石,恰巧王安石外出未归。东坡坐在书房,见砚石下压一首诗,其中有两句:“西风昨夜过园林,吹落黄花满地金。”东坡见诗大笑,想:黄花是指菊花,开于深秋,其性坚强,敢与秋霜相抗,最能耐久,即使老而枯干,终究不会落瓣。王安石的诗“吹落黄花满地金”简直是胡说八道。一时诗兴大发,续写两句:“秋花不比春花落,说与诗人仔细吟。”因为等了很久,王安石还不回来,就回到寓所。晚上,王安石回来了,看见续诗,听家人说苏东坡写的。安石大怒,把东坡贬为黄州团练副使。东坡只得忍气吞声地去赴任。东坡任团练副使,挺清闲的,与朋友陈季常,整天游山玩水,饮酒赋诗。秋天到了,黄菊盛开。一天,陈季常来访。东坡约季常一起去花园赏菊,见黄花纷纷落地,真似铺金一样,大惊失色。季常问明原因,笑道:“不同地方的花是不一样的,黄州的菊花是经秋风而落瓣的,”东坡这才知道王安石为了东坡续诗笑他,特意把他贬到黄州叫他看看“吹落黄花满地金”。
人们爱菊、赏菊、颂菊,不仅仅是“秋菊有佳色”,还在于它的品格高洁。晋代不为五斗米折腰的陶渊明留下了“怀此贞秀姿,卓为霜下杰”“采菊东篱下,悠然见南山”的诗句。宋亡不肯仕元的郑所南《客菊》诗云“宁可枝头抱香死,何曾吹落北风中”。这些,都无不表现了菊花的高尚品格。
菊花可供观赏,也能作食用。“菊花鱼球”是盛行港澳的名菜;“菊花肉”也深受人们的欢迎。此外,菊花茶、菊花酒、菊花羹也都各具风味。更可贵的是,菊花还可用于祛病延年,早在《神农本草经》中就有记载。菊花含挥发油,具有淡雅的清香。其有效成分具有抗菌消炎、降压明目的药理作用,此外,它还能增强毛细血管的抵抗能力,用于防治冠心病。有报道表明,用菊花煎剂治疗冠心病,总有效率高达百分之八十。《本草纲目》言其“利五脏,调四肢、诸风头眩”确是经验之谈。
菊花品种很多,“惟以单叶味甘者入药”(《本草纲目》)临床以杭州的杭白菊、滁县的滁菊和歙县的贡菊为上品;河北的沪菊、河南的怀菊和四川的川菊质量稍次,并列为真菊,都具有甜味,可作补益防病之用。另有一种味苦的野菊,有明显的抗菌、抗病毒作用,是治疗疔疮、热疖、湿疹、咽喉炎的良药。
中国是菊花的故乡,菊花的繁育发展,给我们带来了“不是春光,胜是春光”的绚丽秋色,一年一度的菊花节,向人们展示了它的风采。《桂香室诗钞》赞云:“风流千古惟黄菊,拯拔群论入绛囊。吟露傲霜恋华夏,灿烂馥郁发文章”,真是当之无愧!

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人之所病,病疾多;而医之所病,病道少。
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荷梦
进士出身


Joined: 19 Dec 2006
Posts: 2826
Location: 湖北,黄梅
荷梦Collection
PostPosted: 2008-06-01 01:09:18    Post subject: Reply with quote

我的QQ名,就是菊,呵呵.这些天在喝菊花茶呢!
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