lisao
Nine Songs 1 Donghuang Tai Yi
Heaven
IX an article written by Qu Yuan
IX Xi Deng
IX involved River
IX Ai Ying
IX Pumping Si
Si IX swan
IX Xi in days gone by
IX Tangerine
Nine Chapters upcast air
evocation
dazhao
pilgrimage
choose a place for residence
old fisherman
Nine Songs all
| Multiple poems at a time |
离骚lisao
离骚
Qu Yuan
A prince am I of ancestry renowned,
Illustrious name my royal sire hath found.
When Sirius did in spring its light display,
A child was born, and Tiger marked the day.
When first upon my face my lord's eye glanced,
For me auspicious names he straight advanced,
Denoting that in me Heaven's marks divine
Should with the virtues of the earth combine.
With lavished innate qualities indued,
By art and skill my talents I renewed;
Angelic herbs and sweet selineas too,
And orchids late that by the water grew,
I wove for ornament; till creeping Time,
Like water flowing, stole away my prime.
Magnolias of the glade I plucked at dawn,
At eve beside the stream took winter-thorn.
Without delay the sun and moon sped fast,
In swift succession spring and autumn passed;
The fallen flowers lay scattered on the ground,
The dusk might fall before my dream was found.
Had I not loved my prime and spurned the vile,
Why should I not have changed my former style?
My chariot drawn by steeds of race divine
I urged; to guide the king my sole design.
Three ancient kings there were so pure and true
That round them every fragrant flower grew;
Cassia and pepper of the mountain-side
With melilotus white in clusters vied.
Two monarchs then, who high renown received,
Followed the kingly way, their goal achieved.
Two princes proud by lust their reign abused,
Sought easier path, and their own steps confused.
The faction for illict pleasure longed;
Dreadful their way where hidden perils thronged.
Danger against myself could not appal,
But feared I lest my sovereign's sceptre fall.
Forward and back I hastened in my quest,
Followed the former kings, and took no rest.
The prince my true integrity defamed,
Gave ear to slander, high his anger flamed;
Integrity I knew could not avail,
Yet still endured; my lord I would not fail.
Celestial spheres my witness be on high,
I strove but for his sacred majesty.
Twas first to me he gave his plighted word,
But soon repenting other counsel heard.
For me departure could arouse no pain;
I grieved to see his royal purpose vain.
Nine fields of orchids at one time I grew,
For melilot a hundred acres too,
And fifty acres for the azalea bright,
The rumex fragrant and the lichen white.
I longed to see them yielding blossoms rare,
And thought in season due the spoil to share.
I did not grieve to see them die away,
But grieved because midst weeds they did decay.
Insatiable in lust and greediness
The faction strove, and tired not of excess;
Themselves condoning, others they'd decry,
And steep their hearts in envious jealousy.
Insatiably they seized what they desired,
It was not that to which my heart aspired.
As old age unrelenting hurried near,
Lest my fair name should fail was all my fear.
Dew from magnolia leaves I drank at dawn,
At eve for food were aster petals borne;
And loving thus the simple and the fair,
How should I for my sallow features care?
With gathered vines I strung valeria white,
And mixed with blue wistaria petals bright,
And melilotus matched with cassia sweet,
With ivy green and tendrils long to meet.
Life I adapted to the ancient way,
Leaving the manners of the present day;
Thus unconforming to the modern age,
The path I followed of a bygone sage.
Long did I sigh and wipe away my tears,
To see my people bowed by griefs and fears.
Though I my gifts enhanced and curbed my pride,
At morn they'd mock me, would at eve deride;
First cursed that I angelica should wear,
Then cursed me for my melilotus fair.
But since my heart did love such purity,
I'd not regret a thousand deaths to die.
I marvel at the folly of the king,
So heedless of his people's suffering.
They envied me my mothlike eyebrows fine,
And so my name his damsels did malign.
Truly to craft alone their praise they paid,
The square in measuring they disobeyed;
The use of common rules they held debased;
With confidence their crooked lines they traced.
In sadness plunged and sunk in deepest gloom,
Alone I drove on to my dreary doom.
In exile rather would I meet my end,
Than to the baseness of their ways descend.
Remote the eagle spurns the common range,
Nor deigns since time began its way to change;
A circle fits not with a square design;
Their different ways could not be merged with mine.
Yet still my heart I checked and curbed my pride,
Their blame endured and their reproach beside.
To die for righteousness alone I sought,
For this was what the ancient sages taught.
I failed my former errors to discern;
I tarried long, but now I would return.
My steeds I wheeled back to their former way,
Lest all too long down the wrong path I stray.
On orchid-covered bank I loosed my steed,
And let him gallop by the flow'ry mead
At will. Rejected now and in disgrace,
I would retire to cultivate my grace.
With cress leaves green my simple gown I made,
With lilies white my rustic garb did braid.
Why should I grieve to go unrecognised,
Since in my heart fragrance was truly prized?
My headdress then high-pinnacled I raised,
Lengthened my pendents, where bright jewels blazed.
Others may smirch their fragrance and bright hues,
My innocence is proof against abuse.
Oft I looked back, gazed to the distance still,
Longed in the wilderness to roam at will.
Splendid my ornaments together vied,
With all the fragrance of the flowers beside;
All men had pleasures in their various ways,
My pleasure was to cultivate my grace.
I would not change, though they my body rend;
How could my heart be wrested from its end?
My handmaid fair, with countenance demure,
Entreated me allegiance to abjure:
"A hero perished in the plain ill-starred,
Where pigmies stayed their plumage to discard.
Why lovest thou thy grace and purity,
Alone dost hold thy splendid virtue high?
Lentils and weeds the prince's chamber fill:
Why holdest thou aloof with stubborn will?
Thou canst not one by one the crowd persuade,
And who the purpose of our heart hath weighed?
Faction and strife the world hath ever loved;
Heeding me not, why standest thou removed?"
I sought th'ancestral voice to ease my woe.
Alas, how one so proud could sink so low!
To barbarous south I went across the stream;
Before the ancient I began my theme:
"With odes divine there came a monarch's son,
Whose revels unrestrained were never done;
In antics wild, to coming perils blind,
He fought his brother, and his sway declined.
The royal archer, in his wanton chase
For foxes huge, his kingdom did disgrace.
Such wantonness predicts no happy end;
His queen was stolen by his loyal friend.
The traitor's son, clad in prodigious might,
In incest sinned and cared not what was right.
He revelled all his days, forgetting all;
His head at last in treachery did fall.
And then the prince, who counsels disobeyed,
Did court disaster, and his kingdom fade.
A prince his sage in burning cauldrons tossed;
His glorious dynasty ere long was lost.
"But stern and pious was their ancient sire,
And his successor too did faith inspire;
Exalted were the wise, the able used,
The rule was kept and never was abused.
The august heaven, with unbiassed grace,
All men discerns, and helps the virtuous race;
Sagacious princes through their virtuous deed
The earth inherit, and their reigns succeed.
The past I probed, the future so to scan,
And found these rules that guide the life of man:
A man unjust in deed who would engage?
Whom should men take as guide except the sage?
In mortal dangers death I have defied,
Yet could look back, and cast regret aside.
Who strove, their tool's defects accounting nought,
Like ancient sages were to cauldrons brought."
Thus I despaired, my face with sad tears marred,
Mourning with bitterness my years ill-starred;
And melilotus leaves I took to stem
The tears that streamed down to my garment's hem.
Soiling my gown, to plead my case I kneeled;
Th'ancestral voice the path to me revealed.
Swift jade-green dragons, birds with plumage gold,
I harnessed to the whirlwind, and behold,
At daybreak from the land of plane-trees grey,
I came to paradise ere close of day.
I wished within the sacred brove to rest,
But now the sun was sinking in the west;
The driver of the sun I bade to stay,
Ere with the setting rays we haste away.
The way was long, and wrapped in gloom did seem,
As I urged on to seek my vanished dream.
The dragons quenched their thirst beside the lake
Where bathed the sun, whilst I upon the brake
Fastened my reins; a golden bough I sought
To brush the sun, and tarred there in sport.
The pale moon's charioteer I then bade lead,
The master of the winds swiftly succeed;
Before, the royal blue bird cleared the way;
The lord of thunder urged me to delay.
I bade the phoenix scan the heaven wide;
But vainly day and night its course it tried;
The gathering whirlwinds drove it from my sight,
Rushing with lowering clouds to check my flight;
Sifting and merging in the firmament,
Above, below, in various hues they went.
The gate-keeper of heaven I bade give place,
But leaning on his door he scanned my face;
The day grew dark, and now was nearly spent;
Idly my orchids into wreaths I bent.
The virtuous and the vile in darkness merged;
They veiled my virtue, by their envy urged.
At dawn the waters white I left behind;
My steed stayed by the portals of the wind;
Yet, gazing back, a bitter grief I felt
That in the lofty crag no damsel dwelt.
I wandered eastward to the palace green,
And pendents sought where jasper boughs were seen,
And vowed that they, before their splendour fade,
As gift should go to grace the loveliest maid.
The lord of clouds I then bade mount the sky
To seek the steam where once the nymph did lie;
As pledge I gave my belt of splendid sheen,
My councillor appointed go-between.
Fleeting and wilful like capricious cloud,
Her obstinacy swift no change allowed.
At dusk retired she to the crag withdrawn,
Her hair beside the stream she washed at dawn.
Exulting in her beauty and her pride,
Pleasure she worshipped, and no whim denied;
So fair of form, so careless of all grace,
I turned to take another in her place.
To earth's extremities I sought my bride,
And urged my train through all the heaven wide.
Upon a lofty crag of jasper green
The beauteous princess of the west was seen.
The falcon then I bade entreat the maid,
But he, demurring, would my course dissuade;
The turtle-dove cooed soft and off did fly,
But I mistrusted his frivolity.
Like whelp in doubt, like timid fox in fear,
I wished to go, but wandered ever near.
With nuptial gifts the phoenix swiftly went;
I feared the prince had won her ere I sent.
I longed to travel far, yet with no bourn,
I could but wander aimless and forlorn.
Before the young king was in marriage bound,
The royal sisters twain might still be found;
My suit was unauspicious at the best;
I knew I had small hope in my request.
The world is dark, and envious of my grace;
They veil my virture and the evil praise.
Thy chamber dark lies in recesses deep,
Sagacious prince, risest thou not from sleep?
My zeal unknown the prince would not descry;
How could I bear this harsh eternity?
With mistletoe and herbs of magic worth,
I urged the witch the future to show forth.
"If two attain perfection they must meet,
But who is there that would thy virtue greet?
Far the nine continents their realm display;
Why here to seek thy bride doth thou delay?
Away!" she cried, "set craven doubt aside,
If beauty's sought, there's none hath with thee vied.
What place is there where orchids flower not fair?
Why is thy native land thy single care?
"Now darkly lies the world in twilight's glow,
Who doth your defects and your virtue know?
Evil and good herein are reconciled;
The crowd alone hath nought but is defiled.
With stinking mugwort girt upon their waist,
They curse the others for their orchids chaste;
Ignorant thus in choice of fragrance rare,
Rich ornaments how could they fitly wear?
With mud and filth they fill their pendent bag;
Cursing the pepper sweet, they brawl and brag."
Although the witches counsel I held good,
In foxlike indecision still I stood.
At night the wizard great made his descent,
And meeting him spiced rice I did present.
The angels came, shading with wings the sky;
From mountains wild the deities drew nigh.
With regal splendour shone the solemn sight,
And thus the wizard spake with omens bright:
"Take office high or low as days afford,
If one there be that could with thee accord;
Like ancient kings austere who sought their mate,
Finding the one who should fulfill their fate.
Now if thy heart doth cherish grace within,
What need is there to choose a go-between?
A convict toiled on rocks to expiate
His crime; his sovereign gave him great estate.
A butcher with his knife made roundelay;
His king chanced there and happy proved the day.
A prince who heard a cowherd chanting late
Raised him to be a councillor of state.
Before old age o'ertake thee on thy way,
Life still is young; to profit turn thy day.
Spring is but brief, when cuckoos start to sing,
And flowers will fade that once did spread and spring."
On high my jasper pendent proudly gleamed,
Hid by the crowd with leaves that thickly teemed;
Untiring they relentless means employed;
I feared it would through envy be destroyed.
This gaudy age so fickle proved its will,
That to what purpose did I linger still?
E'en orchids changed, their fragrance quickly lost,
And midst the weeds angelicas were tossed.
How could these herbs, so fair in former day,
Their hue have changed, and turned to mugworts grey?
The reason for their fall, not far to seek,
Was that to tend their grace their will proved weak.
I thought upon the orchids I might lean;
No flowers appeared, but long bare leaves were seen;
Their grace abandoned, vulgar taste to please,
Content with lesser flowers to dwell at ease.
To boasts and flattery the pepper turned;
To fill the pendent bag the dogwood yearned;
Thus only upon higher stations bent,
How could they long retain their former scent?
Since they pursued the fashion of the time,
Small wonder they decayed e'en in their prime.
Viewing the orchids' and the peppers' plight
Why blame the rumex and selinea white?
My jasper pendent rare I was beguiled
To leave, and to this depth then sank defiled.
It blossomed still and never ceased to grow;
Like water did its lovely fragrance flow:
Pleasure I took to wear this bough in sport,
As roaming wild the damsel fair I sought.
Thus in my prime, with ornaments bedecked,
I roved the earth and heaven to inspect.
With omens bright the seer revealed the way,
I then appointed an auspicious day.
As victuals rare some jasper twigs I bore,
And some prepared, provision rich to store;
Then winged horses to my chariot brought
My carriage bright with jade and ivory wrought.
How might tow hearts at variance accord?
I roamed till peace be to my mind restored.
The pillar of the earth I stayed beside;
The way was long, and winding far and wide.
In twilight glowed the clouds with wondrous sheen,
And chirping flew the birds of jasper green.
I went at dawn high heaven's ford to leave;
To earth's extremity I came at eve.
On phoenix wings the dragon pennons lay;
With plumage bright they flew to lead the way.
I crossed the quicksand with its treach'rous flood,
Beside the burning river, red as blood;
To bridge the stream my dragons huge I bade,
Invoked the emperor of the west to aid.
The way was long, precipitous in view;
I bade my train a different path pursue.
There where the heaven fell we turned a space,
And marked the western sea as meeting-place.
A thousand chariots gathred in my train,
With axles full abreast we drove amain;
Eight horses drew the carriages behind;
The pennons shook like serpents in the wind.
I lowered flags, and from my whip refrained;
My train of towering chariots I restrained.
I sang the odes. I trod a sacred dance,
In revels wild my last hour to enhance.
Ascending where celestial heaven blazed,
On native earth for the last time we gazed;
My slaves were sad, my steeds all neighed in grief,
And gazing back, the earth they would not leave.
Epilogue
Since in that kingdom all my virtue spurn,
Why should I for the royal city yearn?
Wide though the world, no wisdom can be found.
I'll seek the stream where once the sage was drowned.
"Lament" and "IX", are a direct reflection of Qu Yuan's life experience, with strong political overtones.
"Lament" is the most important representative of Qu Yuan. The poem is three hundred seventy-two, two thousand four hundred hundred words of ancient Chinese
The most magnificent lyrical poems. The writing's, or that his later years in huai, Qu Yuan was exiled after the first time; or
Hectare entered in the period, Qu Yuan was exiled after the second.
"Li Sao" the themes, Qian interpreted as "Li You," which means not serious enough to understand; Ban then release "from" as
"Suffering" to "Lament" as "being concerned for the speech"; Wang Yi, said: "from, do not have; Sao, worries too." To "Li Sao"
Interpreted as the sorrow of parting. Second, that can pass.
Despite the "Li Sao" Theme of writing a different era and say, sometimes elusive, but still so clear
Summary: This is the Qu Yuan serious _set_back in politics after the misfortune of facing the personal and national fate, the past
And future thinking, is the soul of a noble and painful autobiography.
We can "Lament" is divided into two parts before and after. From the beginning to "more than ye can punish the Heart" for the first half of the articles, the side
Emphasis on a review of past experience, more than describe the real situation; the performance of the latter half of chapter focuses on the future exploration of the road, and
Mainly through the fantasy way.
Articles in the first half, the three characters, namely, the poet self, "spirituality" (ie the king) and a group of "revolutionaries"
Constitute a violent conflict.
From the first sentence, "the refuge Emperor Gao Yang Xi" Start, the poet uses a lot of ink, in many ways a better description of self-
And noble character. He proudly shows that he is the king of the Hill surname, only that they have noble status, but also said that since the
Chu has been on the rise and fall of a bounden duty. He narrates his birth in an auspicious hour (in Yin Yin Yin May
Day), was given life in Gua trillion beautiful name, but also emphasize their extraordinary endowment of Sublime. On this basis, the poet further
Describes his time cultivating, cultivate noble character, exercise outstanding talent, eager to sacrifice Jun country, so Chu
Revitalization of the Chu Wangcheng "three after" and "Yao and Shun," as the noble and wise monarch. In short, self-image of the poet, on behalf of
The good and the side of justice, of his ideals and ideas that can lead to the broad road of the state of Chu.
"Partisan" that clique, the villain, is hostile with the poet, representing the evil side. "However, the stolen partisan husband
Le Xi Road, quiet ignorant to Xianai. "They just perfunctory, making the prospects for Chu become dangerous and narrow. Moreover,
They not only "Contending with greed, with tire almost search", and "have to the amount of people in Shu, Xing heart of the jealous" that
Poet by reusing their way blocked. So rumor complain flared up, "more than the good that prostitution", the poet is immorality, slander small
People.
Then, grasp the supreme power, which can determine the success or failure of the parties and determine the fate of Chu Chu,
Then? He is stupid stupid. Chu Chu is a symbol of the poet have absolute loyalty to his
("Refers to the nine that are Xi, the husband of the CD it is also spiritual"), he was a poet of trust and reuse, but by the end
"Partisan" of the deceived: "I Tsuen be aware of the situation among the Xi, slander and Zhai anger against the letter." And then abandoned with the poet, "as
Words, "" regret escape while he ", which led to the failure of the poet and the decline of risk Chu.
This is described by Chu Yuan political relations model. We do not know whether the date of the state of affairs is so simple and clear
White, but we can see: This model can miss the monarch and "partisan" separate the evil, which not only satisfy the loyalty
The basic moral principles, but also highly positive in this context the poet's personality and ideals of self. Regardless of the facts
Exactly what the explanation of Qu Yuan could only be the case. Incidentally, to say, this model is still repeated in later
Been used with.
Poet suffered a heavy blow, and even he himself have also turned to human resources training, "Wu Fang Chung offensive," he is in
Complete isolation. But it further stirred the poet's pride and confidence. He repeatedly used various means to form a symbol
Now his noble character: Mulan drink dew, the British food Chrysanthemum; wearing Jiji the GAO Guan, Pei-Lu from the sword; and wearing
All kinds of flowers and herbs. Meanwhile, the poet firm, said repeatedly: he will never give up their ideals and compromise from the vulgar,
Would rather die than willing to change their personality did: "The heart is also good over Xi, although its still unknown regret nine dead!"
"Come straight volt innocent to die, before the holy of the thick solid!" "I still unknown, although Solutions of Variable Xi, How can I punish heart!"
Although the poet is firm and clear reason, but that does not mean that he does not exist in the emotional confusion and pain.
"Lament" myth of materials through the latter half of articles in order to show his fantasy form of inner activity, and future prospects
Exploration. At first, the poet assumes a "female 嬃" Cheng advised him that his "upright straight" out of date. This
An idea the poet inside. But then, through the legendary ancient emperor Chung Wa (Shun) remarks, expressed governance
Road of the plot, denied women 嬃 criticism. This is the first layer of emotional ups and downs.
Driven by the poet in imagination and then the gods, to seek. He went to heaven, but God http - Heaven's gatekeeper
Has refused to inform him. This indicates that the road to regain trust in the king had been completely blocked. He also fell on the ground "seeking
Woman ", but those myths and historical legends of the beautiful women, or" rude "and" proud ", or no media in the same, which in turn
That can not be found to understand themselves and help their own Salon. This is the second layer of emotional ups and downs.
Where is it way out? Poet who turned to spiritual atmosphere, please witch divination, Wu Xian seance to give advice. Spiritual atmosphere that Chu
States have no hope, persuaded him to leave the country away; Wu Xian persuade him to stay and wait for the opportunity monarch contingency. However, the latter road has been
Been proved to be hopeless, he can only adopt the views of spiritual atmosphere. Thus, the poet dragon riding, by Yao car, Yang Yun Ni, Ming
Yuluan, free to swim in a vast and Ao bright sky. "Played" Nine Songs "and Dance" Shao "Come and talk to steal holiday
Music ", a poem appeared not to mind so far flying, joy incomparable atmosphere. This suggests that the poet recognized from
Chu is indeed open a road out of trouble and anguish of the bribe. This was not the incomprehensible choice. Spring to
Years, including Confucius, Mencius, a number of talented people, including the scope of political activities disputer not limited to the native of the state. But
For Yuan, ultimately unacceptable. In the fantasy, when the "high-Chi Miao Miao," when, "suddenly the old town Pro askance husband.
Fu Yu Huai sad servant Xi, curl and not care. "He found himself unable to leave their homeland. Thus, in this place
The third floor feelings of great twists and turns.
Can not change their own and do not change the state of Chu, but can not leave the state of Chu, then, in addition to their own body martyrdom
Ideal, to die to complete their own personality, no alternative. Concluding poem of "speech disorder" wrote:
Are gone indeed! Xi Mo, I know no one country, but also He Huaihu ancient capital! Do both feet and for the United States government Xi, Wu Jiang of the salt from home Peng!
"Lament" shine with the brilliance of idealism. Poet blazing emotions, the will, the pursuit of truth,
The political pursuit of perfection, the pursuit of noble character, till the end, resulting in a great artistic appeal.
Qu Yuan said, "the U.S. government", if the cool look, we can only say that this is an ideal than reality. Poets
By adhering to the "Three Kings" of the government, "Yao and Shun," the rule, the actual outcome of Confucian fiction; he has repeatedly made people-oriented,
Xiuming testimonies, the virtuous granted to other political ideas, in the Warring States period, although as a general principle has been generally agreed,
But in the actual rule, can not be really implemented. The Yuan has always demanded his ideal of "beauty administration"
Transformation of Chu and Chu as illuminate the darkness of political, critical and Tanbi Chu Guojun Chen's stupid. When recognized, "the U.S. administration"
Can not be achieved, he would rather die embrace this ideal, we must have no reason to blame Qu Yuan's "extreme" and accused him of
Ideal "unrealistic."
Because the ideal of human progress itself is a shining light; for the ideals of human indispensable to get rid of
Gou great spirit of mediocre students.
If the Yuan Confucian political influence by many, his strong sense of self, place in the isolated
Environment in upholding truth and courage to struggle against the spirit, but with the promotion of "mean" different from the Confucian culture. We know
Although due to political reasons Qu Yuan was banished, but the reason is directly dirty "slanderous." This means that he
Is a social group of his personality in the negative. But the poet believes their grasp of truth, have a wonderful character.
A "Lament", by a large number of on beauty, rich in herbs and other symbolic rhetoric lay out by the world
Driven by the gods to the brilliant fantasy scene, repeatedly expressed their minds through the reconstruction of the noble poet, self-image.
On the other hand, when the poet realized that he and the groups they belong - Chu Noble Group - completely opposite state
, Not only do not fear, but created a sense of pride. "Jian Wu Xi Fife before the repair, the services of non-secular";
"Birds of prey do not group Xi, and of course from the previous life." He saw his tall, isolated, and vote for his social isolation
Contempt. This is with us in the "Book of Songs" see to the contrary. Ban Gu's Han Dynasty Confucian orthodoxy stand stand
Court, accused of Qu Yuan, "Lu Cai Yang had" ("Lament order"), actually see the "Lament" as a feature. Not
He is completely taken over the negative attitude only.
(History of Chinese Literature, Zhang Pei-Heng Luo Yuming, Yat Ming scan, Cher proofreading)
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