唐代 陆龟蒙 Lu Guimeng  唐代  
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奉酬袭美先辈吴中苦雨一百韵 Feng pay Xi Mei Antecedent Wuzhong Ku Yu Hundred charm
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奉和袭美太湖诗二十首。初入太湖
奉和袭美太湖诗二十首。晓次神景宫 Feng and xi mei taihu poem score head Xiao Jing Gong plays God
奉和袭美太湖诗二十首。入林屋洞 Feng and xi mei taihu poem score head Hole into the forest estate
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奉和袭美太湖诗二十首。三宿神景宫
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奉和袭美太湖诗二十首。缥缈峰
奉和袭美太湖诗二十首。桃花坞 Feng and xi mei taihu poem score head peach Flowers dock
多首一页
古诗 ancient style poetry
和袭美木兰后池三咏。白莲
和袭美木兰后池三咏。白莲

陆龟蒙


  素花多蒙别艳欺,此花端合在瑶池。
  无情有恨何人见,月晓风清欲堕时。

【注释】 端合: 一作真合
无情有恨何人见: 一作还应有恨无人觉

【赏析】   咏物诗,描写的是客观存在着的具体的事物形象;然而这形象在艺术上的再现,则是诗人按照自己的主观感觉描绘出来的,多少总带有一种抒情的意味。以抒情的心理咏物,这样,物我有情,两相浃,才能把它活生生地写到纸上,才是主客观的统一体。陆龟蒙的这首《白莲》,对我们有所启发。
  
    鲜红的夏天太阳,照耀着透出波面的莲花,明镜里现出一片丹霞。艳丽的色彩,是有目共赏的。莲花红多而白少,人们一提到莲花,总是欣赏那红裳翠盖,又谁注意这不事铅华的白莲!然而“清水出芙蓉,天然去雕饰”,真正能够见出莲花之美的,应该是在此而不在彼。从这个意义来说,那红莲不过是“别艳”罢了。“素多蒙别艳欺”,白莲,她凌波独立,不求人知,独自寂寞地开着,好象是“无情的”。可是秋天来了,绿房露冷,素粉香消,她默默地低着头,又似乎有无穷的幽恨。倘若在“月晓风清”朦胧的曙色中去看这将落未落的白莲,你会感到她是多么富有一种动人的意态!她简直是缟袂素巾的瑶池仙子的化身,和俗卉凡葩有着天人之别了。
  
    这诗是咏白莲的,全诗从“素多蒙别艳欺”一句生发出新意;然而它并没有粘滞于色彩的描写,更没有着意于形状的刻画,而是写出了花的精神。特别后两句,诗人从不即不离的空际着笔,把花写得若隐若现,栩栩如生。花,简直融化在诗的意境里;花,简直人格化,个性化了。
  
    一首短短的咏物小诗,能够达到这样的境界,是和诗人的生活情感分不开的。我们知道陆龟蒙处在唐末动乱的年代里,隐居在江南的水乡甫里(在今江苏吴江境内)。他对当时黑暗的政治有所不满,虽退隐山林,然其《笠泽丛书》中的小品文,“并没有忘记天下,正是一塌胡涂的泥塘里的光彩和锋铓。”(鲁迅:《小品文的危机》)因此,他对出污泥而不染、淡雅高洁的白莲,有着一种特殊的爱好;而这种心情的自然流露,就使我们读了这诗后,感到此中有人,呼之欲出。
  
    (马茂元)

【资料来源】 卷628_19


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