俄罗斯 苏联  (March 2, 1931 AD～Present)

米哈伊尔·谢尔盖耶维奇·戈尔巴乔夫

Start End Reign March 11, 1985 AD December 25, 1991 AD 

　　Mikhail Gaiyeweiqi Gorbachev (Russian: Михаил Сергеевич Горбачёв, 1931 年 3 月 2 -), born near Stavropol in southern Russia, the Soviet politicians, From 1985 to 1991 he was general secretary of the Soviet Communist Party Central Committee, also served as Chairman of the Supreme Soviet (head of state) and the Soviet Union, President of the National Defense Commission (Armed Forces Supreme Commander). Policy during his service led to the end of the Cold War, for which he received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1990, but his reform policy also makes the Soviet Union.
　　Gorbachev was young and at the Moscow University Law School, where he met his future wife, Raisa (also translated Resa, she suffering from leukemia and died in 1999). They were married in September 1953, Gorbachev graduated in 1955, the two together back to Gorbachev's home.
　　Konstantin Chernenko's death, Gorbachev on March 11, 1985 was elected general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's youngest, in fact, a Soviet top-level officials. He tried to reform and opening to prevent the degradation of Soviet communism, which began in February 1986 marked the 27th meeting of the National Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
　　As early as 1990, Gorbachev had introduced and was elected to the post of President of the Soviet Union, December 25, 1991 after the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States, he was forced to leave the formal dissolution of the Soviet Union.
　　May 13, 2009, Gorbachev declared Russia's independence of the Democratic Party ready to create. Gorbachev in 2002 to 2004 and was elected leader of the Russian Social Democratic Party, but the parties under the April 2007 ruling of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation was forced to disband, Gorbachev was elected in October that year the whole Russian social movements "Social Democrats Union "President. Gorbachev on May 13, 2009 In an interview with Russia's Interfax News Agency reporters Cai Fang and Shi Xuanbu: "We concluded that the state should have such a political party, new party set up initiatives to the Committee's work has been State support of many citizens, has received more than 10,000 letters of support. "
　　Many people, especially the pro-communists and Russian nationalists, that Gorbachev is Russia's national criminals and traitors to communism. They think that Gorbachev's too hasty with the actual internal and external reform policies, and his West, particularly the United States over almost naive trust, leading to serious consequences of Soviet Communist Party, Russia's comprehensive national strength and people standard of living is plummeting, which are completely contrary to the construction of his "democratic socialist Soviet Union," the mind, and betrayed the cause of communism can be said is completely failed.