é luó guó zuòzhělièbiǎo
Peter I jié lín shì Catherine I 'èr shì Pyotr (Peter) II Alekseyevich
ān · fán nuò Anna Ivanovna fán liù shì Ivan VI Antonovich suō bái shì · luó Elizaveta Petrovna
sān shì Peter III jié lín 'èr shì Catherine IIbǎo luó shì Paul I
shān shì Alexander I shì Nicholas I shān 'èr shì Alexander II
shān sān shì Alexander III Alexandrovich 'èr shì Nicholas II
'èr shì Nicholas II
é luó guó  (1868niánwǔyuè18rì1918niánqīyuè17rì)
'èr shì · shān luó wéi
kāiduānzhōngjié
zàiwèi1894nián1917nián

   'èr shì · shān luó wéi ( НиколайIIАлександрович, 1868 nián 5 yuè 18 lüè 5 yuè 6 1918 nián 7 yuè 17 lüè 7 yuè 4 )), é luó guó huáng zài wèi shí jiān 1894 nián héng 1917 nián
  
   shēng píng
  
   'èr shì shì 'é luó guó de dài huáng shēng 'é guó de shèng bǎoshì shā huáng shān sān shì huáng hòu dān mài gōng zhù de zhǎngzǐ
  
   huáng tài shí wéi tiě jiàn shè wěi yuán huì zhù 。 1891 niánqián wǎng hǎishēn wǎi zhù chí chū tiě kāi gōng shì shíshùn fǎng wèn běn jīn shǐ chēng jīn shì jiàn
  
   cóng 19 shì zhòng gōng wéi zhōng xīn de 'é luó gōng dào wán shàngāo chéngzhǎng de běn zhù jīng luò hòu de chǎn zhī jiān chǎn shēng liǎo de máo dùn。 1895 nián huáng wēi lián 'èr shì gān shè běn guī hái liáo dōng bàn dǎo gěi zhōng guó。 1900 niánzhèn tuán zhī hòupài jūn cānyù guó lián jūn qīn zhōng guó běi jīngzhàn lǐng zhōng guó dōng běi běn zhēng duó cháo xiān mǎn zhōuzài 1904 nián bào 'é zhàn zhēng。 1905 nián shùn bèi běn gōng zhī hòushèng bǎo shēngxuè xīng xīng shì jiànbào 1905 nián mìngyóu tuō léi píng gǎi 'ér zàn shí guò nán guāndàn shì yòu xiàn gèng de 'ěr gān wèn
  
   yīn huáng tài 'ā liè xiè huàn yòu xuè yǒu bìng 'èr shì de duō shù shí jiān yǐn zài shèng bǎo de shā huáng cūn hēi hǎi de gōng jiā rén dài zài yóu huáng hòu chǒng xìnè sēng jīngyǐn nián qīng guì jūn guān tuán de mǎn 'èr shì shī liǎo jūn guān liáo běn jiā de zhī chí
  
  1914 nián 'èr shì dài lǐng 'é guó jiā shì jiè zhànyóu zhàn kuàng liáng shí kùn nán děng yuán yīn rén mín de mǎn。 1917 nián shuō huáng wēi lián 'èr shì mìng lìng ràng liè níng cóng ruì shì chuān guò guó lǐng jīng fēn lán huí guóràng dòng mìng shǐ 'é guó tuì chū zhàn zhēng [ lái yuán qǐng qiú ]。 1917 nián 3 yuèshèng bǎo shì mín dòng fǎn 'è yóu xíngyǐn 'èr yuè mìng。 1917 nián 3 yuè 2 shā huáng tuì wèichuán wèi gěi 'ěr · shān luó wéi gōngdàn zāo dào jué chéng shì luó màn nuò wáng cháo miè wáng
  
   'èr shì tuì wèi hòuyīng guó guó wáng qiáo zhì shì jué jiē shòu jiā qián wǎng yīng guó bìnàn shì 'èr shì jiā bèi shān · lún de lín shí zhèng 'ān zhì zài de tuō 'ěr 。 1917 nián 11 yuè 7 é guó bào shí yuè mìng 'èr shì jiā bèi 'ěr shí wéi jūn duì dài qiú jìn jié lín bǎo。 1918 nián 7 yuè 16 shēn huò 7 yuè 17 líng chén 'èr shì jiā bāo kuò men zài de rén jìn 10 rén bèi kānguǎn men de 'ěr shí wéi jǐng chá gǎn dào xià shìshǐ yòng guān qiāng sǎo shè chǔjué men de shī bèi jiāo shàng liú suān yóu xiāo huǐcán zhā bèi mái cáng zài jié lín bǎo de fèi dòng xué zhōng
  
  1990 nián dài 'èr shì jiā de bèi chóngxīn zhǎo dàobìng jīng DNA jiǎn dào què rènzhǐ yòu 'ā liè xiè wèi gōng zhùshēn fèn xiángyòu shuō shì sān gōng zhù gōngde wèi bèi xiàn。 1998 niángēn 'é luó zǒng tǒng qīn de mìng lìng 'èr shì jiā de bèi lóng zhòng 'ān zàng zài shèng bǎo de - bǎo luó yào sài jiào táng zhōng。 2000 nián 'èr shì jiā bèi 'é luó dōng zhèng jiào huì zhuī fēng wéi xùn jiào shèng
  
   niǔ yuē shí bào 2007 nián 11 yuè 25 bào dào wéi 'āi shí de dàng 'àn zhōngyòu xíng xíng zhě huí chǔjué guò chéng de bào gào qún rén shì fēn bào gào hòu xiànxiàn suǒ jiù zài xíng xíng duì dài tóu zhě yóu luò de zhèng zhōngyóu luò biǎo shì wáng shì chéng yuán huò zhī chí zhě wèi lái xún zhǎo shā huáng jiā hái shíhuì jiāng biāo shè dìng wéi shí men wèile hùn xiáo shì tīng jiāng zhōng liǎng shī fén huǐbìng mái zài lìng diǎn
  
   zhè qún rén shì gēn xiàn suǒzài dāng chū xiàn jiǔ diǎn yuē liù shí de shù lín xiàn shāo jiāo hēi de liǎng hái miàn hái jiā dàn shèng zhuāng qiáng suān guàn de suì piànqiáng suān yīngshì yòng lái huǐ shī miè zhè xiē cán hái xiàn shí de yàng zuì zǎo xiàn de jiǔ shī lèi
  
  2008 nián lǐng dǎo DNA jiàn dìng tuán duì de guó xué jiào shòu luó jiē shòu cǎi fǎng shíbiǎo shì 'èr shì quán de hái lián zhī qián chuán shuō táo guò jié de 'ān jīhū dōunéng gòu bèi zhèng shí zāo dào shā hài gèdōu méi yòu liú xià lái
  
  2008 nián yuèé guó zǒng jiǎn chá cháng bàn gōng shì biǎo shēng míng shuō:“ shǐ yòng sān zhǒng chuán jiǎn yàn wán zhěng jìn xíng de DNA yán jiū jiēguǒ zhèng shí liǎo zhǒng jiǎ shè 'èr zuò xué mái zàng liǎo gōng sài huáng tài de 。” zài zhè xiàng xuān zuò chū zhī hòu shù xiǎo shíé luó dōng zhèng jiào jiāng xíng shì 'āi dào 'èr shì jiā rén jiǔ nián yuè shí líng chén zāo 'ěr shí wéi bào shā hài jiǔ shí zhōu nián
  
  2008 nián 10 yuè 1 é luó zuì gāo yuàn zhèng shì wéi 'èr shì píng fǎnxuān de jiā shì lián zhèn xià de shòu hài zhěé guó dāng zhèng shì tuī fān yòu guān luó màn nuò huáng zuì yòu yìng de guān niànér huáng suǒ zāo zhǐ kòng de zuì míngzhèng shì jiǔ shí nián qián 'ěr shí wéi mìng jiāng shā huáng jiā chǔsǐ de zhòng yào zhèng dāng xìng zuì gāo yuàn yán rén 'ào jīn zuǒ shuō:“ běn yuàn zhù tuán xuān duì shā huáng 'èr shì jiā rén de zhèn háo yóubìng huī men de míng 。”。
   hūn yīn
  
  1894 nián 11 yuè 26 zài shèng bǎo hēi sēn lāi yīn gōng guó de wéi duō · ài · hǎi lún · · 'ā jùn zhù( VictoriaAliceHelenaLouiseBeatrice), é luó míng wéi shān · fèi 'ào duō luó
  
  
  * ào jiā gōng GrandDuchessOlga1895 nián -1918 nián
  * yáng gōng GrandDuchessTatiana1897 nián -1918 nián
  * gōng GrandDuchessMaria1899 nián -1918 nián
  * ān gōng GrandDuchessAnastasia1901 nián -1918 nián
  * ā liè xiè huáng chǔ TsarevichAlexei1904 nián -1918 nián


  Nicholas II (Nikolay Alexandrovich Romanov; Russian: Никола́й II, Никола́й Алекса́ндрович Рома́нов) (18 May [O.S. 6 May] 1868 – 17 July 1918) was the last Emperor of Russia, Grand Duke of Finland, and claimed the title of King of Poland. His official title was Nicholas II, Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russias and he is currently regarded as Saint Nicholas the Passion-Bearer by the Moscow Patriarchate of the Russian Orthodox Church.
  
  Nicholas II ruled from 1894 until his abdication on 15 March 1917. His reign saw Imperial Russia go from being one of the foremost great powers of the world to an economic and military disaster. Critics nicknamed him Nicholas the Bloody because of the Khodynka Tragedy, Bloody Sunday, and the anti-Semitic pogroms that occurred during his reign. As head of state, he approved the Russian mobilization of August 1914 which marked the first fatal step into World War I and thus into the demise of the Romanov dynasty.
  
  Nicholas II abdicated following the February Revolution of 1917 during which he and his family were imprisoned first in the Alexander Palace at Czarskoe Selo, then later in the Governor's Mansion in Tobolsk, and finally at the Ipatiev House in Yekaterinburg. Nicholas II, his wife, his son, his four daughters, the family's medical doctor, the Czar's Valet, the Empress' Lady in Waiting and the family's cook were all killed in the same room by the Bolsheviks on the night of 17 July 1918. This led to the canonization of Nicholas II, his wife the Empress and their children as martyrs by various groups tied to the Russian Orthodox Church within Russia and, prominently, by the Russian Orthodox Church outside Russia.
<< qiányījūnzhù: shān sān shìé luó guó 'èr shì Nicholas II
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