美国 一战中崛起  (1857年9月15日～1930年3月8日)

开端 终结 在位 1909年 1913年 

　　威廉·霍华德·塔夫脱（1857年9月15日－1930年3月8日）是第27任美国总统(1909年3月4日 – 1913年3月4日)。他当过律师、美国首席大法官和陆军部长。1908年作为共和党人，在西奥多·罗斯福支持下当选总统。任内代表垄断资本家，处处维护他们的利益，对内提高关税，对外推行“金元外交”，加强侵略拉美国家。他的政策引起广泛的不满，连罗斯福也批评他。在1912年竞选连任总统遭到失败，输给了新泽西州州长伍德罗·威尔逊。
　　
　　塔夫脱的很多家庭成员也参加了政治。他的儿子和孙子都当过参议员。他的重孙子是现在的俄亥俄州的州长。

　　William Howard Taft (September 15, 1857 – March 8, 1930) was the 27th President of the United States and later the 10th Chief Justice of the United States.
　　
　　Born in 1857 in Cincinnati, Ohio, into the powerful Taft family, Taft graduated from Yale College in 1878, and from Cincinnati Law School in 1880. Then he worked in a number of local legal positions until being appointed an Ohio Superior Court judge in 1887. In 1890 Taft was appointed Solicitor General of the United States and in 1891 a judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. In 1900, President William McKinley appointed Taft Governor-General of the Philippines. In 1904, President Theodore Roosevelt, then a political ally of Taft, appointed Taft Secretary of War in order to groom Taft as his successor to the presidency.
　　
　　Riding a wave of popular support of President (and fellow Republican) Theodore Roosevelt, Taft won an easy victory in his 1908 bid for the presidency.
　　
　　In his first and only term, President Taft's domestic agenda emphasized trust-busting, civil service reform, strengthening the Interstate Commerce Commission, improving the performance of the postal service, and passage of the Sixteenth Amendment. Abroad, Taft sought to further the economic development of undeveloped nations in Latin America and Asia through the method he termed "Dollar Diplomacy." However, Taft often alienated his own key constituencies, and was overwhelmingly defeated in his bid for a second term in the presidential election of 1912.
　　
　　After leaving office, Taft spent his time in academia, arbitration, and the search for world peace through his self-founded League to Enforce Peace. In 1921, after the First World War, President Warren G. Harding appointed Taft Chief Justice of the United States, fulfilling Taft's lifelong dream. Taft served in this capacity until his death in 1930.
　　
　　Weighing over 300 pounds on average, Taft was physically the heaviest American president ever elected. Taft is also, to date, the last U.S. president to have facial hair while in office.