儒家类 zhū zhì jiā yán   》 zhū zhì jiā yán      zhū Zhu Balu

朱子治家格言
朱子治家格言
朱子治家格言
朱子治家格言
《朱子家训》是“经典诵读口袋书”的一种,又名《朱子治家格言》、《朱柏庐治家格言》,是以家庭道德为主的启蒙教材。作者朱柏庐(1617-1688)名用纯字致一是明末清初江苏昆山人,自幼致力读书曾考取秀才志于仕途。清入关明亡遂不再求取功名,居乡教授学生并潜心程朱理学主张知行并进一时颇负盛名。康熙曾多次徵召,然均为先生所拒绝。著有《删补易经蒙引》、《四书讲义》、《劝言》、《耻耕堂诗文集》和《愧纳集》。《朱子家训》通篇意在劝人要勤俭持家安分守己。讲中国几千年形成的道德教育思想,以名言警句的形式表达出来,可以口头传训,也可以写成对联条幅挂在大门、厅堂和居室,作为治理家庭和教育子女的座右铭,因此,很为官宦、士绅和书香门第乐道,自问世以来流传甚广,被历代士大夫尊为“治家之经”,清至民国年间一度成为童蒙必读课本之一。《朱子家训》仅522字,精辟地阐明了修身治家之道是一篇家教名著。其中,许多内容继承了中国传统文化的优秀特点,比如尊敬师长,勤俭持家,邻里和睦等,在今天仍然有现实意义,当然其中封建性的糟粕如对女性的某种偏见、迷信报应、自得守旧等是那个时代的历史局限,我们是不能苛求于前人的。 此《朱子家训》实际应为《朱子治家格言》,与宋朝朱熹的《朱子家训》是不同的,应该分清楚。
朱子治家格言 黎明即起,洒扫庭除,要内外整洁。既昏便息,关锁门户,必亲自检点。一粥一饭,当思来处不易。半丝半缕,恒念物力维艰。宜未雨而绸缪,毋临渴而掘井。自奉必须俭约,宴客切勿留连。器具质而洁,瓦缶胜金玉。饮食约而精,园蔬胜珍馐。勿营华屋,勿谋良田。 三姑六婆,实淫盗之媒。婢美妾娇,非闺房之福。奴仆勿用俊美,妻妾切忌艳妆。祖宗虽远,祭祀不可不诚。子孙虽愚,经书不可不读。居身务期质朴,教子要有义方。勿贪意外之财,勿饮过量之酒。 与肩挑贸易,勿占便宜。见贫苦亲邻,须多温恤。刻薄成家,理无久享。伦常乖舛,立见消亡。兄弟叔侄,须多分润寡。长幼内外,宜法属辞严。听妇言,乖骨肉,岂是丈夫。重资财,薄父母,不成人子。嫁女择佳婿,毋索重聘。娶媳求淑女,毋计厚奁。 见富贵而生谗容者,最可耻。遇贫穷而作骄态者,贱莫甚。居家戒争讼,讼则终凶。处世戒多言,言多必失。毋恃势力而凌逼孤寡,勿贪口腹而恣杀生禽。乖僻自是,悔误必多。颓惰自甘,家道难成。狎昵恶少,久必受其累。屈志老成,急则可相依。轻听发言,安知非人之谮诉,当忍耐三思。因事相争,安知非我之不是,须平心遭暗想。 施惠勿念,受恩莫忘。凡事当留余地,得意不宜再往。人有喜庆,不可生妒忌心。人有祸患,不可生喜幸心。善欲人见,不是真善。恶恐人知,便是大恶。见色而起淫心,报在妻女。匿怨而用暗箭,祸延子孙。 家门和顺,虽饔飧不继,亦有余欢。国课早完,即囊橐无余,自得至乐。读书志在圣贤,为官心存君国。守分安命,顺时听天。为人若此,庶乎近焉。


  (1)一粥一饭,当思来之不易。
  半丝半缕,恒念物力维艰。
  The growing of rice and of grain
  Think on whenever you dine;
  Remember how silk is obtained
  Which keeps you warm and looks fine.
  
  (2)宜未雨而绸缪,勿临渴而掘井。
  In periods of drought
  Wise birds mend their nest
  So when the clouds burst
  They snugly may rest;
  Never be the fool
  Who starts to dig a well in the ground
  When he wants a drink of water
  And water can’t be found.
  
  (3)与肩挑贸易毋占便宜,
  与贫苦亲邻须加温恤。
  Bargain you not with the traveler who vends;
  Share of your wealth with your neighbors and friends.
  
  (4)居家戒争讼,讼则终凶;
  处世戒多言,言多必失。
  Don’t take into court your family disputes,
  Unpleasant endings emerge from lawsuits;
  To comport yourself well in society,
  Restrain loose tongue’s impropriety.
  
  (5)勿恃权势而凌孤寡;
  勿贪口腹而恣杀性。
  Use not your bow and arrow
  To bully orphan and widow.
  Do not dumb animals slaughter at will
  Your appetite greedy to over fulfill.
  (6)乖僻自是,悔悟必多;
  
  颓惰自甘,家园终替。
  Egocentric people grow
  Much regret and sorrow;
  Lazy, slothful people sow
  Poverty tomorrow.
  
  (7)施惠勿念;受恩莫忘。
  In proclaiming your virtues go slow;
  And be mindful of mercy you own.
  
  (8)凡事当留余地,
  得意不宜再往。
  Leave room for retreat
  When trying new feat.
  You will try, try in vain
  To repeat windfall gain.
  
  (9)人有喜庆,不可生忌妒心;
  人有祸患,不可生欣幸心。
  Don’t envy other’s success;
  Don’t gloat o’er other’s distress.
  (注:o’er即over,为了译文的音律而采用缩略的形式)
  
  (10)善欲人见,不是真善;
  恶恐人知,便是大恶。
  To brag of the good you have done
  Will never impress anyone.
  Personal scandals you try hard to hide
  Will soon be known far and wide.
【zhùshì】
  ( yuán wén): míng sǎo tíng chúyào nèi wài zhěng jié hūn biàn guān suǒ mén qīn jiǎn diǎn
  
  ( zhù shì): tíng chútíng yuànzhè yòu tíng táng nèi wài zhī
  
  ( wén): měi tiān zǎo chén míng jiù yào chuángxiān yòng shuǐ lái shī tíng táng nèi wài de miàn rán hòu sǎo shǐ tíng táng nèi wài zhěng jiédào liǎo huáng hūn biàn yào xiū bìng qīn chá kàn xià yào guān suǒ de mén
  
  ( yuán wén): fàndāng lái chù bàn bàn héng niàn wéi jiān
  
  ( wén): duì dùn huò dùn fàn men yīngdāng xiǎng zhe lái zhī duì de bàn gēn huò bàn tiáo xiàn men yào cháng niàn zhe zhè xiē de chǎn shēng shì hěn jiān nán de
  
  ( yuán wén): wèi 'ér chóumóu lín 'ér jué jǐng
  
  ( zhù shì): wèi 'ér chóumóu( chóumóu): tiān hái wèi xià yìng xiān xiū hǎo shè mén chuāng fán shì yào xiān zuò hǎo zhǔn bèi
  
  ( wén): fán shì xiān yào zhǔn bèixiàng méi dào xià de shí hòuyào xiān fáng xiū wán shàn yào lín shí bào jiǎo xiàng dào liǎo kǒu de shí hòucái lái jué jǐng
  
  ( yuán wén): fèng jiǎn yuēyàn qièwù liú lián
  
  ( wén): shēng huó shàng jié yuē huì zài chī fàn qièwù liú lián wàng fǎn
  
  ( yuán wén): zhì 'ér jié fǒu shèng jīn yǐn shí yuē 'ér jīngyuán shū zhēn xiū
  
  ( zhù shì): fǒu( fǒu): zhì de
  
   zhēn xiū( xiū): zhēn jīng měi de shí pǐn
  
  ( wén): cān zhì 'ér gān jìngsuī shì yòng zuò de jīn zhì de hǎoshí pǐn jié yuē 'ér jīng měisuī shì yuán zhǒng de shū cài shèng shān zhēn hǎi wèi
  
  ( yuán wén): yíng huá móu liáng tián
  
  ( wén): yào yíng zào huá de fáng yào mǎi liáng hǎo de tián yuán
  ( xià huī nèi róng jiào hái
  
  ( yuán wén): sān liù shí yín dào zhī méi měi qiè jiāofēi guī fáng zhī
  
  ( wén): shè huì shàng zhèng pài de réndōushì * yín dào qiè de méi jièměi de jiāo yàn de qiè shì jiā tíng de xìng
  
  ( yuán wén): tóng yòng jùn měi qiè qièjì yàn zhuāng
  
  ( wén): jiā tóng yòng yīng jùn měi mào deqiè qièbù yòu yàn de zhuāng shì
  
  ( yuán wén): zōng suī yuǎn chéng sūn suī jīng shū
  
  ( wén): zōng suī rán men nián dài jiǔ yuǎn liǎo què yào qián chéng sūn suī rán bèn jīng shūquè yào sòng
  
  ( yuán wén): shēn zhì jiào yào yòu fāng
  
  ( zhù shì): fāngzuò rén de zhèng dào
  
  ( wén): shēng huó jié jiǎn zuò rén de zhèng dào lái jiào sūn
  
  ( yuán wén): tān wài zhī cái yǐn guò liàng zhī jiǔ
  
  ( wén): yào tān shǔ de cái yào guò liàng de jiǔ
  
  ( yuán wén): jiān tiǎo mào zhàn piányíjiàn pín qīn lín jiā wēn
  
  ( wén): zuò xiǎo shēng de tiǎo fàn men jiāo yào zhàn men de piányíkàn dào qióng de qīn huò lín yào guān xīn menbìng qiě yào duì men yòu jīn qián huò de yuán zhù
  
  ( yuán wén): chéng jiā , jiǔ xiǎnglún cháng guāi chuǎn , jiàn xiāo wáng
  
  ( zhù shì): guāi chuǎn( chuǎn): wéi bèi
  
  ( bái wén): duì rén 'ér jiā dejué méi yòu cháng jiǔ xiǎng shòu de dào xíng shì wéi bèi lún cháng de rénhěn kuài jiù huì xiāo miè
  
  ( yuán wén): xiōng shū zhí fēn duō rùn guǎcháng yòu nèi wài yán
  
  ( wén): xiōng shū zhí zhī jiān yào xiāng bāng zhù , yòu de yào zhù pín qióng de jiā tíng yào yòu yán zhèng de guīju , zhǎngbèi duì wǎn bèi yán yìng zhuāng zhòng
  
  ( yuán wén): tīng yánguāi ròu shì zhàng zhòng cái chéng rén
  
  ( wén): tīng xìn rén tiǎo ér shāng liǎo ròu zhī qíng pèi zuò zhàng kàn zhòng qián cáiér dài shì wéi rén de dào
  
  ( yuán wén): jià jiā suǒ zhòng pìn qiú shū hòu lián
  
  ( zhù shì): hòu lián( lián): fēng hòu de jià zhuāng
  
  ( wén): jià 'éryào wéi xuǎn xián liáng de yào suǒ guì zhòng de pìn qiú xián shū de yào tān fēng hòu de jià zhuāng
  
  ( yuán wén): jiàn guì 'ér shēng chǎn róng zhě zuì chǐ pín qióng 'ér zuò jiāo tài zhě jiàn shèn
  
  ( wén): kàn dào guì de rénbiàn zuò chū jié tǎo hǎo de yàng shì zuì chǐ de zhe pín qióng de rénbiàn zuò chū jiāo 'ào de tài shì jiàn guò de
  
  ( yuán wén): jiā jiè zhēng sòngsòng zhōng xiōngchǔshì jiè duō yányán duō shī
  
  ( wén): jiā guò jìn zhǐ zhēng dǒu sòng dàn zhēng dǒu sòng lùn shèng bàijiēguǒ dōubù xiángchǔshì duō shuō huàyán duō shī
  
  ( píng shuō): zhēng dǒu sòngzǒng yào shāng cái hào shíshèn zhì jiā dàng chǎn shǐ yíng liǎo cháng shīyòu liǎo máo dùn yìng jìn liàng cǎi tiáojiě huò jiě de fāng
  
  ( yuán wén): shì shì 'ér líng guǎ tān kǒu 'ér shā shēng qín
  
  ( wén): yòng shì lái líng 'ér guǎ yào tān kǒu zhī 'ér rèn zǎi shā niú yáng děng dòng
  
  ( yuán wén): guāi shìhuǐ duōtuí duò gānjiā dào nán chéng
  
  ( wén): xìng guài wéi shì de rén huì yīn cháng cháng zuò cuò shì 'ér 'ào huǐ ; tuí fèi lǎn duòchén shì nán chéng jiā de
  
  ( yuán wén): xiá 'èshàojiǔ shòu lěi zhì lǎo chéng xiāng
  
  ( zhù shì): xiá ( xiánì): guòfèn qīn jìn
  
  ( wén): qīn jìn liáng de shàonián jiǔ liǎo rán huì shòu qiān lěigōng jìng qiān xīn xiē yuè duō 'ér shàn chù shì de rén jiāo wǎng dào nán de shí hòujiù shòu dào de zhǐ dǎo huò bāng zhù
  
  ( yuán wén): qīng tīng yánān zhī fēi rén zhī zèn ? dāng rěn nài sān yīn shì xiāng zhēngyān zhī fēi zhī shì píng xīn 'àn xiǎng
  
  ( zhù shì): zèn( zèn) miè rén de huài huà
  
  ( wén): rén lái shuō cháng dào duǎn qīng xìnyào zài sān kǎoyīn wéi zěn zhī dào shì lái shuō rén huài huà ? yīn shì xiāng zhēngyào lěng jìng fǎnxǐng yīn wéi zěn zhī dào shì de guò cuò
  
  ( yuán wén): shī huì niànshòu 'ēn wàng
  
  ( wén): duì rén shī liǎo 'ēn huì yào zài xīn shòu liǎo rén de 'ēn huì dìng yào cháng zài xīn
  
  ( píng shuō): cháng rén zhī 'ēn gǎn 'ēn zhī xīn kàn dài zhōu wéi de rén suǒ chù de huán jìng rén jiān shì tiān táng wàng 'ēn zhī xīn kàn dài zhōu wéi de rén shì rén jiān shì
  
  ( yuán wén): fán shì dāng liú zài wǎng
  
  ( wén): lùn zuò shí me shìdāng liú yòu hòujiù yào zhī yìng gāi zài jìn
  
  ( yuán wén): rén yòu qìng shēng xīnrén yòu huò huàn shēng xìng xīn
  
  ( wén): rén yòu liǎo qìng de shì qíng yòu zhī xīn rén yòu liǎo huò huàn yòu xìng zāi huò zhī xīn
  
  ( yuán wén): shàn rén jiàn shì zhēn shànè kǒng rén zhībiàn shì 'è
  
  ( wén): zuò liǎo hǎo shìér xiǎng rén kàn jiànjiù shì zhēn zhèng de shàn rénzuò liǎo huài shìér rén zhī dàojiù shì zhēn de 'è rén
  
  ( yuán wén): jiàn 'ér yín xīnbào zài yuàn 'ér yòng 'àn jiànhuò yán sūn
  
  ( zhù shì): ( nì) yuànduì rén huái hèn zài xīnér miàn shàng biǎo xiàn chū lái
  
  ( wén): kàn dào měi mào de xìng 'ér xié xīn dejiāng lái bào yìnghuì zài de 'ér shēn shànghuái yuàn zài xīn 'ér 'àn zhōng shāng hài rén dejiāng huì de sūn liú xià huò gēn
  
  ( yuán wén): jiā mén shùnsuī yōng sūn yòu huānguó zǎo wán náng tuó zhì
  
  ( zhù shì): yōng( yōng) sūn( sūn): yōngzǎo fànsūnwǎn fàn
  
   guó guó jiā de shuì
  
   náng( náng) tuó( tuó): kǒu dài
  
  ( wén): jiā píng 'ānsuī quē shǎo shí jué kuài jìn kuài jiǎo wán shuì shǐ kǒu dài suǒ shèng
  
  ( yuán wén): shū zhì zài shèng xiánfēi wéi guān xīn cún jūn guó shēn jiā
  
  ( wén): shèng xián shūmùdì zài xué shèng xián de xíng wéi zhǐ wèile zuò guān yào yòu zhōng jūn 'ài guó de xiǎngzěn me kǎo jiā rén de xiǎng shòu
  
  ( yuán wén): shǒu fēn 'ān mìngshùn shí tīng tiān
  
  ( wén): men shǒu zhù běn fēn gōng zuò shēng huóshàng tiān yòu 'ān pái
  
  ( yuán wén): wéi rén ruò shù jìn yān
  
  ( wén): guǒ néng gòu zhè yàng zuò rén jiù chàbù duō shèng xián zuò rén de dào xiāng liǎo



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