長須牧羊犬也稱高地牧羊犬,屬喜愛室外活動的犬種,同時也可成為家庭中的一員.外形近似英國
牧羊犬,衹是體型較細挑瘦長,且不用斷尾.
歷史:牧羊犬種的準確起源無法考證,大致祖先可能是蘇格蘭原産的古老品種.可是根據長須牧羊
犬的專傢推測,中世紀由波蘭商人攜帶至英國北部的犬種可能是長須牧羊犬種之一.20世紀初,該品種
幾乎全部絶滅.1944年,經過一對長須牧羊犬的繁殖纔避免滅種危機.
性質:友善,活潑,聰明,性格沉穩,喜歡規律性的運動,為健康的品種.有強烈的好奇表情,不具備容易興
奮及攻擊性傾嚮.
頭部:四方頭蓋,寬,頭頂平坦,擁有力強的鼻口部.彎麯且大的眉部,但並不遮蓋眼睛.
眼:大,兩眼間距寬,顔色和毛色相同. 鼻,唇,眼的邊緣通常為黑色,藍色和茶色的狗則和毛色相同.
耳:大小適中,休息時下垂.
身體:身子長,胸部厚,背部平坦,從旁邊看去,胸部前面是平的.
被毛:柔軟的下毛,上毛是長而硬得直毛或波狀毛.毛色有黑色,藍色,灰色,茶色,帶紅的芥茉色,暗灰色,
頭和胸,四肢,尾端是白色的也有.
四肢:四肢全被長毛覆蓋,前肢直,骨骼粗,後肢肌肉發達.
足部:橢圓形,被毛覆蓋,肉趾寬,腳尖緊閉,呈圓形.
尾:尾根低,尾端在低處嚮上彎麯.
身高:雄:53~56釐米 雌:51~53釐米
古代長須牧羊犬AKC標準及簡介
長須牧羊犬也稱高地牧羊犬,屬喜愛室外活動的犬種,同時也可成為家庭中的一員.外形近似英國牧羊犬,衹是體型較細挑瘦長,且不用斷尾.
歷史:牧羊犬種的準確起源無法考證,大致祖先可能是蘇格蘭原産的古老品種.可是根據長須牧羊犬的專傢推測,中世紀由波蘭商人攜帶至英國北部的犬種可能是長須牧羊犬種之一.20世紀初,該品種幾乎全部絶滅.1944年,經過一對長須牧羊犬的繁殖纔避免滅種危機
特徵
古代長須牧羊犬是一種勇敢而警惕、兼具力量和敏捷的真正的工作犬。百年以來,一直是人類的伴侶和僕人,古代長須牧羊犬是家庭中聰明且深情的成員。他堅定而自信,絲毫沒有羞怯或具有攻擊性的傾嚮。是一種自然的、未加修飾的品種。
簡介
古代長須牧羊犬體型中等,具有長度適中的被毛,被毛沿着天然的身體輪廓下垂,允許身體下部有空白,身軀長而傾斜,雖然強壯,但不顯得笨重。聰明、好奇的表情是這一品種的顯著特點之一。古代長須牧羊犬應該始終保持自然形態。
頭部
頭部與身軀比例恰當。腦袋平而寬;止部適中;面頰位於眼睛之下;口吻結實而豐滿;前臉(口吻)的長度與腦袋的長度(從止部到後枕骨的距離)大致相等。鼻鏡大且略方。象被截斷的口吻屬於缺陷(參見‘色素着色情況’)。
眼睛:眼睛大,眼神溫柔而友愛,眼睛既不圓也不突出,位置分的較開。眉毛圓拱,嚮兩側分開,有足夠的長度,能與兩側頭部被毛平滑接合。(參見‘眼睛顔色’)
耳朵:耳朵中等大小,垂耳,覆蓋有很長的毛發。與眼睛處於同一水平綫。當狗警惕時,耳根略微舉起。
牙齒:牙齒結實而白,剪狀咬和。完整的齒係最為理想。
頸部
頸部的長度與身軀比例恰當,結實而略拱,平順地與肩部結合。
前軀
肩部嚮後傾斜,角度約45度;從肩胛最高點嚮前,到肩胛與前臂的結合點所形成的直綫,與前臂從與肩胛結合點嚮下,延伸到肘部的直綫,正好呈清晰的直角。肩胛骨在馬肩隆處相互依靠,但它們充分嚮外傾斜,給肋骨提供的足夠的擴張空間。前肢直且垂直於地面,堅固但不笨重。骨骼被蓬鬆的毛發所遮蔽,腳腕柔韌而不軟弱。
身軀
身軀的長度大於高度,比例接近5/4。身軀長度是指從前胸到臀部最後點的距離,身軀高度指的是馬肩隆到地面的垂直距離。背的長度是指胸腔的長度,不包括腰部。背綫水平。肋骨從脊柱嚮外擴張,但兩側平坦。胸深,延伸到肘部。腰部結實,水平的背綫平順的與彎麯的臀部結合。平坦的臀部或陡峭的臀部都屬於嚴重缺陷。
後軀
後肢有力且肌肉發達,大腿及後膝關節適度傾斜。飛節低。正常站立時,從後面觀察,飛節垂直於地面且相互平行,從側面觀察,後足爪位於臀部末端的垂直綫之後。後肢被蓬鬆的被毛所覆蓋。
尾巴:尾巴位置低,長度為尾骨末端能延伸到飛節。狗在正常站立時,尾巴下垂,且尾巴末端略嚮上捲,當狗興奮時或運動時,捲麯加重,且尾巴可能凸起,但决不能捲麯到垂直綫。尾巴上覆蓋着大量毛發。
足爪
足爪為卵形,腳墊厚實。腳趾圓拱而緊湊,有毛發覆蓋(包括腳趾之間)。
被毛
有雙層被毛,底毛柔軟、厚實且緊密。外層披毛平坦、粗硬、結實且蓬鬆,沒有絨毛狀或蜷麯,但是,略呈波浪狀是允許的。被毛自然的從身體兩側垂下,但不能以人工方式分開被毛。毛發的長度和密度應該足夠提供保護作用,並能很好的勾勒出狗的外形輪廓,决不能過分濃密以影響身體自然的外形輪廓。其外表應該經過精心整理而顯得自然和諧,但决不能用任何方法修剪被毛。在頭部、鼻梁上覆蓋着略顯稀疏的毛發,這些毛發略長,嚮兩側下垂並遮蓋了嘴唇。在面頰、下唇、下顎等部位的毛發長度,嚮胸部方向逐漸增長,形成典型的鬍須。過分長的被毛、絲狀的被毛、或以任何方式修剪被毛,都屬於嚴重缺陷。
顔色
所有古代長須牧羊犬出生時,可能是黑色、蘭色、褐色或駝色,帶或不帶白色斑紋都可以。成熟以後,被毛顔色會變淺,出生為黑色的狗,顔色會變成不同深度的灰色:從黑色到藍灰色到銀色;出生為褐色的狗,顔色會變為從巧剋力色到沙灘色等不同深度的顔色;出生為蘭色和駝色的狗也會變成從深到淺不同深度色調的顔色。白色斑紋,衹應該出現在臉部的白筋、腦袋上、尾巴尖、胸部、腿和足爪及圍繞頸部。白色不應該出現在身軀上(馬肩隆之後的部分)、也不能出現在臉上眼睛周圍。有時出現褐色斑紋是可以接受的:褐色斑紋應該出現在眉毛、耳朵裏面、面頰、尾根下面,及在腿上,白色與主色調交界的地方。
色素沉積:古代長須牧羊犬的色素與被毛顔色是相關的。出生為黑色的狗,鼻鏡、眼圈和嘴唇為黑色;反之,出生為蘭色的狗,色素沉積就為蘭灰色;出生為褐色的狗,擁有褐色的色素沉積;而出生為駝色的狗,色素沉積會淺一些。色素沉積的顔色應該完整充分,無污點色斑。
眼睛的顔色:眼睛的顔色一般與被毛顔色一致,出生為蘭色或駝色的狗,眼睛顔色略淺是正常的,不屬於缺陷。
尺寸
理想的高度為:成年雄性肩高約21~22英寸;成年雌性肩高約20~21英寸。高度低於上述標準屬於嚴重缺陷。嚴格遵守這一尺寸標準,是為了確保古代長須牧羊犬為中型犬。
步態
動作舒展、順滑而有力。充分的前軀伸展和強大的後軀驅動力配合默契。背綫水平且穩固。足爪擡起的高度僅僅使其離開地面,給人一種狗是在滑行的印象。動作柔軟而靈活,使狗能急劇轉彎或突然停止(作為牧羊犬必須的技能)。從前面或後面觀察,不論什麽速度,對應的前後肢都在同一平面內(從肩或臀到腳墊)運動。腿直,但速度增加時,足爪嚮內靠攏,直到快速跑時,足爪聚攏在身體中心綫下。
主要缺陷
—象截斷的口吻。
—平坦或陡峭的臀部。
—過分長或絲狀被毛。
—修剪被毛。
—身高低於或超過標準
古代長須牧羊犬(Bearded Collie) Bearded Collie Breed Standard
Characteristics
The Bearded Collie is hardy and active, with an aura of strength and agility characteristic of a real working dog. Bred for centuries as a companion and servant of man, the Bearded Collie is a devoted and intelligent member of the family. He is stable and self-confident, showing no signs of shyness or aggression. This is a natural and unspoiled breed.
General Appearance
The Bearded Collie is a medium sized dog with a medium length coat that follows the natural lines of the body and allows plenty of daylight under the body. The body is long and lean, and, though strongly made, does not appear heavy. A bright inquiring expression is a distinctive feature of the breed. The Bearded Collie should be shown in a natural stance.
Head
The head is in proportion to the size of the dog. The skull is broad and flat; the stop is moderate; the cheeks are well filled beneath the eyes; the muzzle is strong and full; the foreface is equal in length to the distance between the stop and occiput. The nose is large and squarish. A snipy muzzle is to be penalized. (See Color section for pigmentation.)
Eyes: The eyes are large, expressive, soft and affectionate, but not round nor protruding, and are set widely apart. The eyebrows are arched to the sides to frame the eyes and are long enough to blend smoothly into the coat on the sides of the head. (See Color section for eye color.)
Ears: The ears are medium sized, hanging and covered with long hair. They are set level with the eyes. When the dog is alert, the ears have a slight lift at the base.
Teeth: The teeth are strong and white, meeting in a scissors bite. Full dentition is desirable.
Neck
The neck is in proportion to the length of the body, strong and slightly arched, blending smoothly into the shoulders.
Forequarters
The shoulders are well laid back at an angle of approximately 45º; a line drawn from the highest point of the shoulder blade to the forward point of articulation approximates a right angle with a line from the forward point of articulation to the point of the elbow. The tops of the shoulder blades lie in against the withers, but they slope outwards from there sufficiently to accommodate the desired spring of ribs. The legs are straight and vertical, with substantial, but not heavy, bone and are covered with shaggy hair all around. The pasterns are flexible without weakness.
Body
The body is longer than it is high in an approximate ratio of five to four, length measured from point of chest to point of buttocks, height measured at the highest point of the withers. The length of the back comes from the length of the ribcage and not that of the loin. The back is level. The ribs are well sprung from the spine but are flat at the sides. The chest is deep, reaching at least to the elbows. The loins are strong. The level back line blends smoothly into the curve of the rump. A flat croup or a steep croup is to be severely penalized.
Hindquarters
The hind legs are powerful and muscular at the thighs with well bent stifles. The hocks are low. In normal stance, the bones below the hocks are perpendicular to the ground and parallel to each other when viewed from the rear; the hind feet fall just behind a perpendicular line from the point of buttocks when viewed from the side. The legs are covered with shaggy hair all around.
Tail: The tail is set low and is long enough for the end of the bone to reach at least the point of the hocks. It is normally carried low with an upward swirl at the tip while the dog is standing. When the dog is excited or in motion, the curve is accentuated and the tail may be raised but is never carried beyond a vertical line. The tail is covered with abundant hair.
Feet
The feet are oval in shape with the soles well padded. The toes are arched and close together, and well covered with hair including between the pads.
Coat
The coat is double with the undercoat soft, furry and close. The outercoat is flat, harsh, strong and shaggy, free from wooliness and curl, although a slight wave is permissible. The coat falls naturally to either side but must never be artificially parted. The length and density of the hair are sufficient to provide a protective coat and to enhance the shape of the dog, but not so profuse as to obscure the natural lines of the body. The dog should be shown as naturally as is consistent with good grooming but the coat must not be trimmed in any way. On the head, the bridge of the nose is sparsely covered with hair which is slightly longer on the sides to cover the lips. From the cheeks, the lower lips and under the chin, the coat increases in length towards the chest, forming the typical beard. An excessively long, silky coat or one which has been trimmed in any way must be severely penalized.
Color
Coat: All Bearded Collies are born either black, blue, brown or fawn, with or without white markings. With maturity, the coat color may lighten, so that a born black may become any shade of gray from black to slate to silver, a born brown from chocolate to sandy. Blues and fawns also show shades from dark to light. Where white occurs, it only appears on the foreface as a blaze, on the skull, on the tip of the tail, on the chest, legs and feet and around the neck. The white hair does not grow on the body behind the shoulder nor on the face to surround the eyes. Tan markings occasionally appear and are acceptable on the eyebrows, inside the ears, on the cheeks, under the root of the tail, and on the legs where the white joins the main color.
Pigmentation: Pigmentation on the Bearded Collie follows coat color. In a born black, the eye rims, nose and lips are black, whereas in the born blue, the pigmentation is a blue-gray color. A born brown dog has brown pigmentation and born fawns a correspondingly lighter brown. The pigmentation is completely filled in and shows no sign of spots.
Eyes: Eye color will generally tone with the coat color. In a born blue or fawn, the distinctively lighter eyes are correct and must not be penalized.
Size
The ideal height at the withers is 21-22 inches for adult dogs and 20-21 inches for adult bitches. Height over and under the ideal is to be severely penalized. The express objective of this criterion is to insure that the Bearded Collie remains a medium sized dog.
Gait
Movement is free, supple and powerful. Balance combines good reach in forequarters with strong drive in hindquarters. The back remains firm and level. The feet are lifted only enough to clear the ground, giving the impression that the dog glides along making minimum contact. Movement is lithe and flexible to enable the dog to make the sharp turns and sudden stops required of the sheepdog. When viewed from the front and rear, the front and rear legs travel in the same plane from the shoulder and hip joint to pads at all speeds. Legs remain straight, but feet move inward as speed increases until the edges of the feet converge on a center line at a fast trot.
Serious Faults:
--snipy muzzle
--flat croup or steep croup
--excessively long, silky coat
--trimmed or sculptured coat
--height over or under the ideal
Approved August 9, 1978