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yuán lín jiàn zhù garden architecture

  jiàn zhù shì rén men yòng shí cái cái děng jiàn zhù cái liào jiàn de zhǒng gōng rén zhù shǐ yòng de zhù zháiqiáo liáng guǎn děng děngguǎng shàng lái jiǎngyuán lín shì jiàn zhù de fēnyòu rén shuō guòshàng xìng gěi chū liǎo tóu . shí tóu . máo cǎo de qiēdōu shì rén de láo zuò ... zhè jiù shì jiàn zhùjiàn zhù shì níng de yīnyuè . jiàn zhù shì shí tóu shǐ shū
  
   yuán lín shǐ
   shì chǎn shì yuán lín de yuān yuán , yǎn biàn , zhǎn de guī zhēng , lùn shù huà wéi yuán lín de wài zài xíng tài , fēng , , yùn hán zhe rén lèi duì shēng cún huán jìng , shè huì zhé xué xiǎng , guān niàn , shěn měi qiú , zhèng zhì yǐng xiǎng , zào yuán xiǎng liú pài nèi zài de rèn shí , tōng guò yùn yòng shǐ de shè huì jié gòu , jīng zhì , shēng chǎn fāng shì , xué shù diàn de zào yuán shí jiàn fāng jīng yàn biǎo xiàn ; lùn shù rén lèi shēng cún yòu xíng huán jìng , xíng huán jìng huó dòng de xiàn xiàng fēn de yuán lín lùn shí jiàn , shì rén lèi shēng cún huán jìng huó dòng de , zhuī qiú xiàn , zhé shè zhe rén lèi chuàng zào xiǎng shēng cún huán jìng de , shì wén míng de zài . wéi xiàn dài yuán lín jǐng guān , huán jìng jiàn shè gōng shǐ jiè jiàn , xiǎng lùn , fēn fāng , yào yùn yòng , chuán chéng jǐng shì zhǎn " zǒu xiàng zhēn shí yóu zhī " de .
  
   yuán lín zhǎn de shǐ jiē duàn
   shì jiè yuán lín shǐ , jīng liǎo yuán shǐ wén míng , nóng wén míng , gōng wén míng xìn wén míng wén míng jiē duàn .
  ( ) yuán shǐ wén míng jiē duàn
   rén lèi shè huì de yuán shǐ wén míng yuē chí liǎo 'èr bǎi duō wàn nián . rén lèi shù cháo 'ér , máo yǐn xuè , cháo xué 'ér , cǎi liè . rén lèi duì rán huán jìng de bèi dòng shì yìng zhuàng tài , zài shēng cún yǎn huà guò chéng zhōng , rén lèi bèi dòng zhí de xíng tài , děng wài guān zhēng suǒ yǐn bìng yòu liǎo xīn líng gǎn yìng , yòu shēng mìng , yòu liǎo dòng zhí chóng bài . yuán shǐ wén míng hòu , rén lèi nóng de luò , yuán zhòngzhí , niǎo shòu yǎng zhí . luò jìn fáng qián jiè yòu liǎo guǒ yuán , cài , xùyǎng niǎo shòu chǎng suǒ . zhú jiàn mǎn liǎo rén men wēn bǎo yào , yuán lín dào yùn , jìn méng zhuàng tài .
   yuán lín méng zhuàng tài de diǎn wéi : zhòngzhí , yǎng zhí , guān shǎng fēn ; wéi quán luò chéng yuán gòng guǎn gòng xiǎng ; zhù guān wèile chóng bài jiě jué wēn bǎo wèn , ér guān yòu guān shǎng gōng néng .
  
  ( èr ) nóng wén míng jiē duàn
   jīn yuē 1 wàn nián qián , zài zhōu fēi zhōu de xiē chōng píng yuán sān jiǎo zhōu , nóng de cháng zhǎn , rén lèi jìn liǎo nóng gēng wéi zhù de nóng wén míng jiē duàn , guǒ yuán , cài , shòu chǎng fēn huà wéi gōng shēng chǎn wéi zhù de guǒ shū yuán gōng guān shǎng wéi zhù de huā yuán , liè yuàn . bàn suí nóng shēng chǎn de jìn zhǎn , chǎn shēng liǎo chéng zhèn , guó shǒu gōng , shāng , shǐ jiàn zhù shù duàn gāo , wéi guī xīng zào yuán lín gōng liǎo yào tiáo jiàn
   rán , wén huà yǎn huà xíng chéng shì jiè yuán lín . wén huà de zhù yào yǐng xiǎng yīn yòu zhǒng , zōng jiào , fēng guàn , yán wén tǒng , shǐ wén huà jiāo liú děng , yóu rán , zhǒng , zōng jiào wén huà , yán wén tǒng yǐng xiǎng zuì .
  
   shì jiè yuán lín huàfēn wéi 'ōu zhōu yuán lín , lán yuán lín zhōng guó yuán lín sān .
  
  * ōu zhōu yuán lín
   ōu zhōu yuán lín , yòu chēng wéi fāng yuán lín . zhù yào shì 'āi yuán lín wéi yuān yuán guó diǎn zhù yuán lín yīng guó rán fēng jǐng shì yuán lín liǎng liú pài , rén gōng měi de guī shì yuán lín rán měi de rán shì yuán lín wéi zào yuán fēng , xiǎng lùn , shù zào jīng zhàn dào .
   ōu zhōu yuán lín gài miàn guǎng , 'ōu zhōu běn wéi zhōng xīn , shì fàn wéi náng kuò 'ōu zhōu , běi měi , nán měi , ào děng zhōu , duì nán fēi , běi fēi , , dōng děng de yuán lín zhǎn dāng dài chǎn shēng liǎo zhòng yào yǐng xiǎng .
   ōu zhōu yuán lín de liǎng liú pài dōuyòu míng xiǎn de fēng zhēng . guī shì yuán lín : shì huī hóng , shì xiàn kāi kuò , yán jǐn duìchèn , gòu jūn héng , huā tán , diāo xiàng , pēn quán děng zhuāng shì fēng , xiàn zhuāng zhòng diǎn , yōng róng huá guì de shì .
   rán fēng jǐng shì yuán lín xiāo liǎo yuán lín rán zhī jiān de jiè xiàn , jiāng rán wéi zhù yǐn dào yuán lín , pái chú rén gōng hén , xiàn zhǒng rán tiān chéng , fǎn guī zhēn de shù .
  
  * lán yuán lín
   lán yuán lín , shì lún yuán lín wéi yuān yuán , shí xíng tíng yuán wéi diǎn xíng fāng shì , fēng jiàn zhù shū jié shuǐ guàn gài tǒng xiāng jié , yòu jīng měi de jiàn zhù 'àn zhuāng shì cǎi de 'ā yuán lín .
   lán yuán lín yòu , liǎng liú měi suǒ píng yuán wéi zhōng xīn , 'ā shì jiè wéi fàn wéi , héng kuà 'ōu , , fēi sān zhōu , yìn , bān zhōng shì yuán lín fēng zuì wéi diǎn xíng , duì shì jiè guó yuán lín shù fēng de biàn qiān yòu hěn de yǐng xiǎng .
   lán yuán lín tōng cháng miàn jiào xiǎo , jiàn zhù fēng , shí xíng de lín yīn gòu chéng zhōng zhóu xiàn , quán yuán fēn chéng . yuán lín zhōng xīn , shí xíng dào jiāo huì diǎn shè shuǐ chí , xiàng zhēng tiān táng . yuán zhōng gōu míng 'àn jiāo , pán shì yǒng quán shuǐ , yòu fēn chū xíng xiǎo tíng yuán , měi tíng yuán de shù xiāng tóng . cǎi táo sài 'àn zài tíng yuán zhuāng shì zhōng guǎng fàn yìng yòng .
  
  * zhōng guó yuán lín
   zhōng guó yuán lín zūn chóng rán xié wéi měi de shēng tài yuán , shǔ shān shuǐ fēng jǐng shì yuán lín fàn chóu , fēi guī shì yuán lín wéi běn zhēng , yuán lín jiàn zhù shān shuǐ huán jìng yòu róng , rán xié , hún rán , hán yùn rén lún jiào huà , shī qíng huà de xiě shān shuǐ yuán lín .
   zhōng guó sān miàn huán shān , miàn bīn hǎi de de huán jìng , cháng de zhōng yāng quán , zhì nóng běn wèi wén huà , wén míng yuǎn yuǎn gāo shì jiè zhū guó wén huà , yāng yāng guó , xiǎo shì fāng , zhōng guó yuán lín dàn shēng hòu , zài shū de guó qíng shǐ wén huà bèi jǐng xià zhǎn . cóng dào de chuàng shì shuō dào sān dài shí de yòu , qín hàn shí de yuàn , wèi jìn liù cháo de rán shān shuǐ yuán lín , táng sòng shí dài de quán jǐng shì xiě shān shuǐ yuán lín , zuì hòu dào míng qīng shí dài nóng suō rán shān shuǐ , xiǎo jiàn de gāo xiàng zhēng xìng xiě yuán lín jiē duàn . cóng míng cháo zhōng shǐ , jiā yuán lín zhú jiàn fēn huà , xiān yòu jiāng nán yuán lín tuō yíng 'ér chū , běi fāng yuán lín jiē zhǒng hòu , lǐng nán yuán lín zēng huá . sān yuán lín xiāng yǐng xiǎng , xiāng jiān róng , shǐ zhōng guó yuán lín de lèi xíng fēng duàn tuò zhǎn shēn huà , zhōng guó yuán lín xiàng 'ōu zhōu yuán lín yàng , fēng liè biàn , ér shì duàn chuán chéng zhǎn , dōng fāng yòu de wén huà zào yuán xiǎng lùn shèn zhì yǐng xiǎng fāng .
  
   zhōng guó yuán lín diǎn zhù yào yòu :
  1). běn rán , gāo rán rán fēng jǐng shān , shuǐ wéi mào chǔ , shān , shuǐ , zhí nǎi shì gòu chéng rán fēng jǐng de běn yào , zhōng guó yuán lín jué fēi bān yòng huò zhě jiǎn dān fǎng zhè xiē gòu jǐng yào de yuán shǐ zhuàng tài , ér shì yòu shí jiā gǎi zào , tiáozhěng , jiā gōng , jiǎn cái , cóng 'ér biǎo xiàn jīng liàn gài kuò de rán , diǎn xíng huà de rán . wéi , běn rán 'ér yòu gāo rán bìng lún huà , dào huà , yuán lín yào zhī jié yùn zhōng , yóu wéi chū .
  2). jiàn zhù měi rán měi yòu róng héng héng rán xié wéi měi zhōng guó yuán lín jiàn zài zūn zhòng rán de chǔ zhī shàng ," yīn yáng wǔháng shuō " bèi wéi shì jiè zuì zǎo de shēng tài xué , jiàn zhù néng gòu rán shān , shuǐ , huā , niǎo shòu děng zào yuán yào yòu zhì zài liè fēng jǐng huà miàn zhī zhōng . chū xié diào , xiāng chōng de de miàn , xiàn zhì duì , xiāng pái chì de xiāo de miàn . hòu zhě zhuǎn huà wéi qián zhě , zhōng zhóu duìchèn de guī zhěng shì gòu gōng shì guān jiàn zhù , què tiān gōng rén qiǎo , wéi zhōng guó yuán lín jiàn zhù de shū xíng shì . zài yuán lín zǒng shàng dào zhǒng rén gōng rán gāo xié de " tiān rén " " rán xié wéi měi " de zhé jìng jiè .
  3) zhōng guó yuán lín yàng yàng chōng zhe shī qíng huà ; yōng yòu zhe mèi de jìng chuàng zào
   zhōng guó yuán lín yǐng xiǎng liǎo hàn wén huà , shēn shēn yǐng xiǎng liǎo běn .
   jiào cóng guó chuán běn , bié shì hàn huà de chán zōng chuán běn hòu , běn de shén dào jiào róng , xíng chéng liǎo běn : zhuī qiú jīng shén shàng " jìng , kōng , " de chánwénhuà , chéng wéi zhōng guó yuán lín xíng shì de qiē rén diǎn . běn zǎo " shān shuǐ , chú xuǎn yòng shā , shí zhī wài , hái hán yòu xiǎo kuài bèi zhí huò xiǎo xíng guàn , xiū jiǎn zhěng de huáng yáng , juān děng . hòu de " shān shuǐ yuán " jié jìn jiǎn jié , chún jìng , shù huā , zhǐ yòu zūn rán tiān chéng de shí kuài , mǎn yuán chū wén de shā , níng chéng fāng chán zōng jìng ." chá shì tíng yuán " xiǎn shì chū jīng zhì , zhèng shì de fēn wéi , zhōng guó de chá wén huà zài běn zhǎn wéi " chá dào ", tíng yuán shè jīng měi de shí zhì shù pǐn , zhù rén shí , rén shí , dāo guà shí , shí dēng lóng , shí shuǐ děng , zhēn lěi luò , dài diǎn shì chén 'āi , biǎo liǎo běn rén duì " chún jìng , kōng , " jìng jiè de zhuī qiú .
   zòng guān běn yuán lín de shǐ yǎn jìn , běn yuán lín shòu zhōng guó yuán lín yǐng xiǎng zhì yuǎn zhì shēn , jìn guǎn zài mǒu xiē fāng miàn yòu de zào , shèn zhì fǎn guò lái yǐng xiǎng zhōng guó yuán lín , dàn zuì zhōng bìng méi yòu tuō zhōng guó yuán lín .
  
  ( sān ) gōng wén míng jiē duàn
  
  ( ) xìn wén míng jiē duàn
   jìn liǎo gōng gòng yuán lín , gōng gòng , chéng shì shēng tài jǐng guān de shù zhǎn , jìn liǎo rén lèi rèn " gōng chéng " rán shēng cún huán jìng jǐng guān huó dòng de shù kǎo .
  
   wén huà duō yuán huà , quán qiú huà de dāng dài , rén lèi huán jìng jiàn shè lài shēng cún de rán shēng tài huán jìng lùn kǎo , bǎo rán huán jìng , wéi shēng tài píng héng wéi xīn de chí zhǎn lùn shēn rén xīn .
  
   yuán lín shǐ de xiàn shí
   rén lèi yuán lín shǐ , jìzǎi rén lèi duì shēng cún huán jìng de nèi shēng zìxǐng de rèn zhī . lǎo zhōng guó rán xié wéi měi de shēng tài de hèshī qíng huà , áng shǒu shì jiè qián liè . fāng nèixǐng shǐ de pàn , zǒu dào liǎo shì jiè de qián yán .
   tóng wéi jiàn , zhèng guān ; rén wéi jiàn , míng shī ; shǐ wéi jiàn , zhī xīng wáng . cóng yuán lín dào xiàn dài jǐng guān , huán jìng shè , tóng wén huà yàng , shì zài chuán chéng , shōu , jiè jiàn , róng de shǐ fēn wéi zǒu dào liǎo jīn tiān . jiè jiàn zhōng wài yuán lín shǐ zhǎn de běn jīng yàn jiào xùn , chéng hóng yáng rén lèi de yōu xiù yuán lín wén huà , wèiwǒ guó huán jìng yuán lín huó dòng gōng xué de lùn shí jiàn , shì dài jiě jué de zài méi jié de zhòng , yòu zhòng yào lùn jià zhí shí jiàn ..
   kāi rán rén wén de shēng tài huán jìng , jiù méi yòu rén lèi cún zài zhǎn de běn qián , jiù méi yòu mín gòng tóng de xīng wáng yán ! dāng men xiǎng shòu zhe xiàn dài wén míng , huí shǒu zhī shí què xiàn méi yòu liǎo shǐ , nóng shè huì huì guī huá , jīng gōng shè huì jǐng xǐng zhī hòu de wén míng shè huì què yìng guī huá . huán jìng jiàn shè yìng shì shēn de bāo jiǎng !" guǒ chéng shì suǒ shí xiàn de shēng huó shì shēn de zhǒng bāo jiǎng , me wéi chéng shì xíng chéng 'ér chū de quán shēng jiù jiāng háo dài jià . lùn kuò de quán hái shì zhì cái , dōubù néng cháng shì tiān sàng shī liǎo de měi , huān qīn qíng de xiǎng shòu "(《 chéng shì zhǎn shǐliú · máng ). mín duì de wén huà yào yòu yán de zūn , yán zūn , zūn cái néng , cái néng qiáng !" cān tiān zhī shù yòu lǎo gēn , huái shān zhī shuǐ yòu gòng yuán ". wén huà qíng huái wén huà zūn , xíng chéng mín tuán duì xuè yuán de , yuán de " jiā xiāng "," jiā yuán ". wén huà zài zhēng shénme yōu shì wén huà , shēn wén huà jiù shì jīng shén wáng pái !
   yuán lín zài fàn shù de dāng jīn xìn shí dài , cóng shǔ huán jìng shè , lùn gāo děng jiào , gāo děng zhí de yuán lín huán jìng jiào , zhuān xiǎng shí de yìng shì wèi de , men de wèi lái jiān zhe yòu xíng , xíng huán jìng bǎo , jiàn shè bìng liú gěi hòu rén de shén shèng tuī xiè de rèn , néng tuì . zūn zhòng xué zhì , zhèng zhì zhì néng dài zhuān zhì , néng biāo zhǔn néng jiào tiáo liàng zhuān biāo zhǔn , fǒu " jiàn shè " néng jiù shì huài ! shǐ shì miàn jìng . huán jìng shè yìng gēn rán shēng tài , huán jìng , shǐ wén huà , shǔ xìng ; zōng shǐ jiàn , shí dài jiàn , cái néng chū xiāng duì zhèng què de huán jìng jiàn shè lùn bìng zhǐ dǎo shí jiàn ; cái néng gòu yīn zhì , yīn shí zhì , yīn yuán zhì . xiàn dài shì guò wèi lái de jīn . yuán lín , huán jìng shǐ lùn lùn yīngshì zhuān huán jìng jiàn shè zhě bèi de zuì běn zhì . shǐ shì néng chóngfù de , wèi lái shì xuǎn de !


  Building is that people use stone, wood and other building materials a structure for human habitation and use of objects such as homes, bridges, stadiums and so on. Broadly speaking, the garden is part of the building. Someone once said: God gives the wood off. Stone. Soil and grass, are people of all other labor ... This is the building. Is the solidification of the music building. Architecture is a rock history book.
  Garden History
  Four historical stages of landscape development
  World garden history, through the primitive civilization, agriculture and civilization, industrial civilization and the information civilization four stages of civilization.
  (A) of the original Civilization stage
  Primitive and civilized human society lasted about more than 200 years. The human tree, nest door, Rumaoyinxue, nest door, collecting fishing and hunting. Human nature to adapt to the passive state of the environment, the living process of evolution, one species of human being , color and other characteristics of the attractive appearance and has telepathy, endowed with the meaning of life, with Worship. primitive civilization, the late, human agriculture and _set_tlement of the tribe, garden planting, breeding birds. tribe in the vicinity before the House session with the Housing orchard, vegetable garden, the keeper of birds place. gradually to meet the needs of people sacrifice food and clothing, garden be bred into the bud.
  The gardens bud features are: planting, cultivation, recreation, regardless; for all tribal members to share condominium; subjective to worship and sacrifice to solve the problem of food and clothing, and objective functions are viewing.
  (B) agricultural civilization stage
  Ago about 1 million years ago, in Asia and Africa, some of the alluvial plains and river delta areas, the rapid development of agriculture, mankind entered a mainly agricultural civilization in farming, orchards, vegetable garden, animal production field Yi differentiation is for based fruit and vegetable gardens, and mainly for ornamental gardens, hunting Court. With the further development of agricultural productivity, resulting in the towns, capital and handicrafts, commerce, construction techniques to continuously improve, to build large-scale garden Hing is a necessary condition
  Natural geographical, cultural system evolution form a system of the world garden. Culture system are the main factors of race, religion, customs, language systems, historical geography and cultural exchange, particularly in the natural geographic, ethnic, religious culture, languages, and systems affected maximum.
  Garden systems into the world system of the European landscape, the Islamic garden system and system of the three major systems of Chinese gardens.
  * European garden system
  European gardens, also known as the Western landscape. Mainly based on ancient Egypt and ancient Greece to the French garden as the source of classical gardens and English Landscape Garden two schools to the rules of artificial beauty garden and natural beauty of the natural garden is garden style, ideology and theory, superb unique artistic attainments.
  European garden coverage, it is native to Europe as the center of sphere of influence encompasses Europe, North America, South America, Australia, four continents, South Africa, North Africa, West Asia, East Asia and other parts of the development and contemporary garden has a major impact.
  Two major schools of European garden style has its own distinct characteristics. Rule garden: magnificent, eyes open, strict symmetry, balanced composition, flower beds, statues, fountains and other decorative rich, elegant and solemn expression, elegant momentum.
  Landscape Gardens eliminated the boundary between garden and nature, will be introduced into the natural landscape as the main body, ruled out of the canvas reflects the natural scenery, back to nature art.
  * Islamic garden system
  Islamic gardens are gardens of Babylon and Persia as the origin of the typical cross garden layout, closed building and special water-saving irrigation systems combined with the rich elegant architectural design and decoration of delicate colors of the Arab landscape.
  Islamic gardens, the Euphrates, Mesopotamia and the end of glis Mesopotamian plain as the center, as the scope of the Arab world, across Europe, Asia, and Africa, to India, Spain, the most typical style of the medieval garden, on the Art world garden style changes have great influence.
  Islamic gardens are usually smaller, building closed, trees planted by way constitute a cross axis, the whole garden is divided into four districts. Garden center, cross the road intersection layout pool, a symbol of heaven. Park in the alternating light and dark gullies, disc Chung Dripping Springs also separate the geometric shape of small gardens, each garden the same tree. colored decorative ceramic mosaic pattern is widely used in the garden.
  * China Garden System
  China Garden Lin Zunchong harmony with nature's ecological principles for the United States, are landscapes garden areas to non-rule-style garden, as the basic features, landscape architecture and landscape organically integrate the environment, natural and harmonious, seamless, implies one London-based, enjoyable poetic Landscape gardening.
  Chinese garden features are:
  1). This was natural, higher than the natural scenery with mountains, water based landscapes, mountains, water, plants but the basic elements constitute the natural landscape, not the general use of Chinese gardens, or simply mimic elements of these institutions view original state, but consciously to transform, adjust, process, crop, and thus the performance of a concise summary of the nature, typifying the nature. Only in this way, this was natural, and higher than the natural and ethical, moral-based, landscape elements and The combined implication of which is particularly prominent.
  2). Architectural beauty and natural beauty of organic integration - in harmony with nature as the United States and China garden built on the basis of respect for nature, "Yin said," hailed as the world's first ecological building to the geographical nature and mountains, water, flowers, birds and other elements of organic gardening organizations in a series of landscape images into. prominence harmonize with each other and mutually reinforcing the positive side, restrictions against each other, mutually exclusive of the negative side. the latter into the former, axial symmetry of the regular-type composition in the palace temple building, but day workers Qiao, China's special form of landscape architecture. in the garden generally achieve a high degree of harmony of man and nature, "Heaven" and "natural harmony for the U.S. "The philosophical realm.
  3) Yang Yang Chinese garden filled with poetic; has a unique charm to create the moods
  China Garden Chinese cultural system, affecting a profound impact on Japan.
  Throughout the history of the evolution of the Japanese garden, Japanese garden to the far by the profound influence of Chinese gardens, although in some respects unique skills, even in turn affect the Chinese garden, but it did not ultimately from the Chinese garden system.
  (C) stage of industrial civilization
  (D) Information Civilization stage
  Promote the public garden, public green space, urban development and ecological landscape of the arts, and promote the human any "project" and the activities of the natural living environment of the landscape art of thinking.
  Cultural diversity of contemporary globalization, human environment and the survival of theoretical consideration of natural ecological environment, protect the natural environment and maintaining ecological balance as the core of sustainable development theory enjoys popular support.
  Practical significance of landscape history
  A human landscape history, records the living environment of human self-recognition of endogenous self-reflection footprint. Ancient China for its beauty and natural harmony laws of the broad ecological and poetic triumph in the world. The history of Western self-critical introspection, has reached the forefront of the world.
  With copper as a mirror, you can now dressed; to person, we can see advantages and disadvantages; learn from history, one can know the rise and fall. From the garden to the modern landscape, environmental design, with other cultures, is in the transmission, absorption, learn the history of fusion atmosphere come today. learn the historical development of the basic foreign landscape experience and lessons, promote succession of outstanding landscape of human culture, for our environment parks activities Kexue the theory and practice of Yi Ju, yes urgent urgent solution of 重大 issue has important theoretical Jiazhi and practical significance ..
  

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