商代 人物列表
昭明 Zhao Ming相土 Xiang Tu昌若 Chang Re曹圉 Cao Yu
子冥 Zi Ming王亥 Wang Hai王恒 Wang Heng上甲微 Shang Jiawei
报丁 Bao Ding报乙 Bao Yi报丙 Bao Bing主壬 Zhu Ren
主癸 Zhu Gui商汤 Shang Shang大丁 Da Ding卜丙 Pū Bing
仲壬 Zhong Ren太甲 Tai Jia沃丁 Wo Ding大庚 Da Geng
小甲 Xiao Jia雍己 Yong Ji太戊 Tai Wu中丁 Zhong Ding
外壬 Wai Ren河亶甲 He Danjia祖乙 Zu Yi祖辛 Zu Xin
沃甲 Wo Jia祖丁 Zu Ding南庚 Na Geng阳甲 Yang Jia
盘庚 Pan Geng小辛 Xiao Xin小乙 Xiao Yi武丁 Wu Ding
祖庚 Zu Geng祖甲 Zu Jia廪辛 Lin Xin庚丁 Geng Ding
武乙 Wu Yi文丁 Wen Ding帝乙 Di Yi纣王 Zhou Wang
王亥 Wang Hai
商代  (?~前1972年)
姓:
名:
网笔号: 商高祖
开端终结
在位前2045年前1972年
商高祖前2045年前1972年

  王亥,又名振,是阏伯(契)的六世孙,冥之长子,继任为商族首领,殷人先公之一。王甲骨卜辞中称为“高祖亥”或“高祖王亥”。王亥是一位很有作为的人,他不仅帮助父亲冥在治水中立了大功,而且还发明了牛车,开始驯牛,为人使役。《管子·轻重戊》中“立皂牢,服牛马,以为民利”的记载,就是指相土发明马车,王亥发明牛车,驯服牛马供人使役的故事。
  【商人的始祖】
  农业和畜牧业的发展,使商部落很快强大起来,他们生产的东西有了过剩,于是王亥和同部落的人就用牛车拉着货物,赶着牛羊到外部落去搞交易,外部落的人就称他们为“商人”。“商人”这一名词便源于此,一直沿袭至今。所以,王亥就成为经商做买卖的“商人”的始祖,数千年来一直被商人奉若神明。
  王亥最后一次经商是到黄河以北的有易氏。据《竹书纪年》记载:帝泄“十二年,殷侯子亥宾于有易,有易杀而放”。帝泄十二年,即公元前1810年,王亥和弟弟王恒一起从商丘出发,载着货物,赶着牛羊,长途跋涉到了河北的有易氏(今河北易水一带)。有易氏的部落首领绵臣见财起歹意,杀害了王亥,赶走了王亥的随行人员,夺走了货和牛羊。王亥的弟弟王恒曰兼程逃回商丘。王亥之子上甲微非常悲愤,欲为王亥报仇。但由于诸多原因,当时未能立即出兵,4年以后,即帝泄十六年、公元前1806年,才借助河伯之师,灭了有易氏,杀了绵臣,为父王王亥报了仇。
  著名史学家郭沫若先生在《中国史稿》中这样写道:“传说相土作乘马,王亥作服牛,就是驯养牛马,作为运载的工具。还有记载说,商的祖先‘立皂牢,服牛马,以为民利’。‘皂’是喂牛马的槽,‘牢’是养牛羊用的圈,说明他们很早就过渡到定居放牧的生活,服牛乘马,以为专利了。这样就形成了农业生产的发展,形成农、牧结合的经济,使这个部落很快兴旺起来,”“农业的发展促进了农业的畜牧业的分工,农业和手工业的分工也相应地扩大了。因此,商人与其他部落之间的交换也是比较活跃的。因冥子王亥的时候,开始利用牛作为负重的工具,在各部落间进行贸易。有易氏夺取了王亥的牛,杀死王亥,双方因此冲突起来。王亥子上甲微借助河伯的武力,打败有易氏,杀了有易氏国军绵臣,进一步扩大了自己的势力。王亥在甲骨卜辞中称为高祖亥,上甲微也受到隆重的祭祀。”1980年1月,河北人民出版社出版的《商代历史故事》作者周菲先生,更是把冥治水和王亥经商贸易的事写得活灵活现,并多次提到故事的发生地在河南商丘。
  综上所述,笔者认为,中国历史上第一位以物易物、经商贸易的“商人”源于商丘,始祖就是阏伯6世孙王亥。难怪当今海内外商人或飘洋过海,或千里迢迢,纷纷来商丘祭祀商祖王亥,以求商祖保佑他们事业有成、发财致富。
  【传说故事】
  马,原是一种野生动物,最早叫“火畜”。在5000年前的黄帝时代,人们过着迁徙不定的游牧生活。传说有一次,黄帝的部下捕获了一匹野马,每当人们接近它时,它就前蹄腾空,昂头嘶鸣,或把后腿崩起,但它并不伤害人和其它动物,只以草为食。当时人们都还不认识这种动物,便把黄帝请来辨认。黄帝观察很长时间,也未能认出是什么动物,只让大家不要杀掉,派驯养动物的能手王亥用木栏先把它圈起来。
  过了一段时间,王亥发现栏杆外边又来了几匹这种红色的野马,它们对着栏杆内的那匹野马叫个不停,不肯离开。过了一天,王亥把木栏门打开,不料外边的好几匹野马一下子都冲进木栏,和圈在栏内的野马混在一起,互相嘶叫了一阵,然后又都卧了下来。王亥把栏杆门关住,用割来的草喂它们。过了不长时间,其中一匹马突然生下了一只小马驹。王亥高兴极了。消息传开,人们也都纷纷前来观看。这些野马和人接触的时间一长,好像发现人类并不想伤害它们,所以在人面前也不惊慌,变得十分温顺。特别是小马驹,很喜欢和人在一起玩耍。
  有一天,王亥喂过马后,牵出一匹性格温顺的马,纵身跳上马背。马一受惊,猛地四蹄腾空飞奔起来,把毫无精神准备的王亥一下子抛下来跌了个仰面朝天。等王亥从地上爬起来,马已跑得很远了。王亥站起来望着越跑越远的马,心里十分着急,以为它再也不会回来了。正要往回走,不料,这跑得很远的马,又扭头跑回来了。王亥高兴极了,忙把马引进栏杆内圈好。后来他想出了一个办法,用桑树皮拧成一条绳子,把马头绑好,慢慢牵出来。然后又跳上马背。马仍像头一次一样,四蹄腾空,飞奔起来。这回王亥吸取了上次教训,一只手紧紧抓住绑在马头上的绳子,另一只手又紧马鬃,任凭马怎么飞跑,王亥总是不松手。跑了一阵后,马的速度减慢下来,直到马不再跑时,王亥这才勒过马头,缓缓地骑着回去。
  王亥骑马成功后,一下子轰动了许多人,风后、应龙、常先、大鸿等前来观看,很快黄帝也知道了。应龙是黄帝身边的一员大将,对骑马当然更感兴趣。他积极协助王亥驯马,练习骑马。就在这时,一件不幸的事发生了,一天清早,王亥、应龙起来练马,忘记把栏杆门关上,一只老虎乘无人时闯进圈里,把可爱的小马驹咬死,正张口要吃的时候,被人们发现了。老虎来不及吃掉小马驹,跳出栏杆逃走了。王亥和应龙一见小马驹被老虎咬死,气得快要发病,立刻带上弓箭,骑上马向老虎逃去的方向追去。他们一口气奔跑了几十座山。终于找到了这只老虎。两人看准目标,连发几箭,把老虎射死在山谷中。在返回路上,王亥、应龙又骑在马上顺便射死了几只鹿。不料他们的行动,引起了风后的注意。风后一向智多谋广,他脑子一动,便对黄帝说:“ 既然骑在马上能追老虎,能射杀野兽,那么,打仗时能不能也骑在马上,追杀敌人?”风后建议黄帝下一道命令:“各部落所有打猎的人,今后出外打猎,一律不许射杀野马。凡能捉回野马者,给予奖励。”黄帝不仅同意这个建议,而且自己也开始练习骑马。他命应龙、王亥对捉回来的200多匹野马要精心饲养,进行训练。应龙专门挑选200多名精干的小伙子,每天从早到晚,既驯马,又练人。经过两年多的训练,中华民族最早的一支骑兵就这样诞生了。这支骑兵在后来的涿鹿大战中起了重大作用。


  Wang Hai, also known as vibration, is shut Bo (deed) of the six-generation descendant, offerings of the eldest son, succeeded as head of family business, one in Yin Xian Gong. Wang turtle shells and bones known as the "emperor hai" or "emperor Wang Hai." Wang Hai is a great as a man who not only help in water management in the Ming done a great father, but also invented the bullock cart, began to domesticate cattle, man causative. "Guan Zi E" in "soap firmly established, serving oxen and horses, that Min-li" records, meaning the carriage with the invention of soil, Wang Hai invention carts, oxen and horses for human causative tame story.
  Mr. Guo Moruo famous historian in the "Book History of Ancient China," writes in: "Legend phase soil for riding, Wang Hai for clothes cow is domesticated oxen and horses, as a delivery tool. There are records that the ancestors of business' Li soap in prison , clothing oxen and horses, that Min-li '.' Soap 'is feeding cattle and horses in the slot,' rate 'is used for raising cattle and sheep circles, describing their early transition to settled herding life, clothing cow riding that patent. This formed the development of agricultural production, the formation of agriculture, animal husbandry and economic integration, so that the tribe will soon thrive, "" promote the development of agriculture and animal husbandry in the agricultural division of labor, agriculture and handicrafts of the division of labor has expanded accordingly. So , merchants and other tribes also exchanged between the more active. due to the time of Wang Hai Ming son began using cattle as a tool for loading, in trade between the tribes. have easily won the Wang Hai's cattle, killing the king Hai, the two sides together so the conflict. Wang Hai Bo child on a micro with the force's defeat are easy to kill as Yi's military Min Chen, further expanding its own power. Wang Hai in turtle shells and bones known as the emperor Hai , on a micro-sacrifice was also a grand. "in January 1980, Hebei People's Publishing House published a" history of the Shang Dynasty story "of Mr. Zhou Fei, which takes water control and Wang Hai Ming things written in vivid business trade and repeatedly mentioned the story takes place in Shangqiu.
  【】 Legends
  Riding the success of Wang Hai, a sudden sensation of many people, the wind, should be long, often first, big hung, etc. came to watch, and soon knew the Yellow Emperor. Should be close to the Yellow Emperor Dragon is a new member, and of course more interested in riding. He actively assisted Wang Hai horse, riding practice. Just then, an unfortunate thing happened, one day early in the morning, Wang Hai, Ma Ying-long training together, forget the bars closed the door, when a tiger by no one broke into the circle, the cute little pony bite death, is when the mouth eat, had been found. Tiger too late to eat a small pony, out of railing away. Wang Hai, and should see the dragon, a tiger killed by small pony, angry about the disease, once wear bow and arrow, and ride the tiger fled to the direction to pursue. They run dozens of mountain breath. Finally found the tiger. They spotted targets, firing several arrows, the Tigers shot in the valley. Return to the road, Wang Hai, a horse should be long the way they shot a few deer. Unexpectedly, their actions, after the wind caused the attention. After the wind has always wise to seek more extensive, his mind a move, then to the Yellow Emperor said: "If a horse to chase the tiger, to kill wild animals, then, when war can not, on horseback, kill the enemy?" After the proposed wind Yellow Emperor ordered that: "all the hunting tribes who, in the future such as hunting, be allowed to shoot wild horses. who can Zhuohui horse who rewarded." Huangdi not agree to this proposal and began to practice their riding. His life should be long, Wang Hai of the catch back to well over 200 wild horse breeding, training. Long specifically selected to be capable of more than 200 boys and jam, while training horses, but also training people. After two years of training, the first of a Chinese cavalry was born. Zhezhi Zhuolu cavalry battle in later played a major role.
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