唐代 人物列表
李隆基 Li LongJi李世民 Li Shimin李治 Li Zhi
李显 Li Xian李旦 Li Dan李亨 Li Heng
李适 Li Kuo李昂 Li Ang李忱 Li Chen
李晔 Li Ye李豫 Li Yu李渊 Li Yuan
李重茂 Li Chongmao李诵 Li Song李纯 Li Chun
李恒 Li Heng李湛 Li Zhan李瀍 Li Chan
李漼 Li Cui李儇 Li Xuan唐哀帝 Tang Aidi
沈法兴 Shen Faxing李子通 Li Zitong刘黑闼 Liu Heita
王摩沙 Wang Masha
李湛 Li Zhan
唐代  (810年827年)
网笔号: 睿武昭愍孝皇帝
庙号: 敬宗
陵墓: 庄陵
开端终结
在位824年827年
宝历825年1月827年2月

  唐敬宗,名为李湛(公元810-827年),汉族,唐穆宗的长子,初封为鄂王,后徒封为景王,于元和四年(809)六月七日出生于东内大明宫之别殿。他是在长庆二年(822)十二月被册立为皇太子的,长庆四年(824)正月,敬宗先因父亲穆宗健康恶化以太子身份监国,穆宗于公元824年正月病死后,他于同月丙子日继位。第二年改年号为“宝历”。在位2年,为宦官谋杀,终年18岁。曾用年号:宝历;谥号:睿武愍孝皇帝;庙号:敬宗;葬于庄陵(今陕西省三原县东北30里)。
  
  生平
  敬宗登基后,根本不把国家大政放在心上,他的游乐无度较之其父穆宗是有过之而无不及。敬宗即位后的第二个月,就一天到中和殿击球,一天又转到飞龙院击球,第三天又在中和殿大摆宴筵,尽欢而罢。敬宗一味追求享乐,就连皇帝例行的早朝也不放在心上。三月的一天,群臣来到朝堂准备入阁议事,可是敬宗一直到日上三竿还没有上朝。大臣为了参加朝会天不亮就要起床准备,皇帝迟迟不到,时间长了,臣僚们坚持不住以至于有昏倒者。对新君的这一有悖祖制的行为,谏议大夫李渤提出了劝谏,敬宗在大臣的催促下,过了很长时间才姗姗来迟。退朝以后,左拾遗刘栖楚对皇帝的这一做法更是极力劝谏,他头叩龙墀,血流不止。敬宗当时表现出很受感动的样子,但仍是不改,后来甚至发展为一个月也难得上朝两三次。为了使敬宗能够上朝理政,在地方上任职的李德裕进献《丹扆箴》六首,提出劝谏,敬宗命令翰林学士韦处厚起草了一道诏书表扬了李德裕,但是他对自己的问题仍然无动于衷。
  敬宗近乎疯狂的游乐,在宫中引发了一系列的突发事件。他即位不久,就有位叫徐忠信的平民百姓闯入了浴堂门,引起了一场虚惊。四月,又发生了染坊役夫张韶与卜者苏玄明联络数百染工杀入右银台门的严重事件。当时敬宗正在清思殿打马球,听到张韶等百余人的喊杀声,狼狈逃到左神策军避难。左神策军兵马使康艺全率兵入宫,把已经攻进清思殿并登上御榻而食的张韶等人杀死。八月秋夜,又发生了妖贼马文忠与品官季文德等近1400人将图不轨的事件,当事人皆被杖死。敬宗本人生性喜好大兴土木,即位以后,从春天到寒冬,兴作相继,没有停息的时候。各级官员和匠役之人都怨声载道,染坊役夫张韶作乱,不啻是对他的当头棒喝。
  大臣认为这些事件都是因为敬宗一味沉湎于游乐,经常不在宫中,而给不法之徒以可乘之机。敬宗认为大臣们的说法有道理,但是自己的玩乐却变本加厉,花样不断翻新。
  宝历元年(825)十一月,敬宗突然想去骊山游幸,大臣们都极力劝阻,他就是不听。拾遗张权舆在大殿叩头进谏,还说:“从周幽王以来游幸骊山的帝王都没有好的结局,秦始皇葬在那里国家二世而亡,玄宗在骊山修行宫而安禄山乱,先帝(穆宗)去了一趟骊山,享年不长,回来就驾崩了。”敬宗听了这话,反倒引发了更大的兴致:“骊山有这么凶恶吗?越是这样,我越是应当去一趟来验证你的话。”结果,不顾大臣的反对固执前往,即日回到宫中,他还对身边的人说:“那些向朕叩头的人说的话,也不一定都可信啊!”丝毫不把臣下的意见当回事。
  敬宗也同样喜欢到鱼藻宫观龙舟竞渡,有一天突然给盐铁使下诏,他要造竞渡船20艘,要求把木材运到京师修造。这一项的花费总计要用去当年国家转运经费的一半,谏议大夫张仲方等力谏,他才答应减去一半。
  敬宗不仅自己喜欢打马球,还要禁军将士、三宫内人都要参加。宝历二年(826)六月,他在宫中举行了一次体育盛会,马球、摔跤、散打、搏击、杂戏等,项目很多,参加者也很踊跃。最有创意的是敬宗命令左右神策军士卒,还有宫人、教坊、内园分成若干组,骑着驴打马球。因为敬宗兴致很高,一直折腾到夜里一二更方罢。
  敬宗还喜欢打猎,平时白天玩不够,就深夜带人捕狐狸以取乐,宫中称之为“打夜狐”。
  敬宗实在是太喜欢玩了,他也实在是太会玩了。唐朝在这样的皇帝手上不亡国已是万幸,历史上评价敬宗为“不君”,实际上就是说他不打马球俑是个称职的帝王,这已是很替他留面子了。我们确实看不到敬宗在治国方面的才干,却随处可见他在玩乐方面的本领。敬宗是一位马球高手,又善手搏,观赏摔跤、拔河、龙舟竞渡之类的游戏从来都是乐此不疲。他还专门豢养了一批力士,昼夜不离左右。他不仅要各地都选拔力士进献,而且还出资万贯给内园招募,很舍得在这些力士身上花钱。敬宗玩兴一来,也就没有了什么顾忌:力士们有的恃恩不逊,敬宗动辄就将其配流、籍没;不少宦官小有过犯,轻则辱骂,重则捶挞,搞得这些人满怀畏惧、心中怨愤。宫中宦官许遂振、李少端、鱼弘志等还因为与他“打夜狐”配合不好而被削职。敬宗这种肆无忌惮的游乐,很快就把自己送上了末路。
  宝历二年(826)十二月初八日辛丑,敬宗又一次出去“打夜狐”,还宫之后,兴致昂然,又与宦官刘克明、田务澄、许文端以及击球军将苏佐明、王嘉宪、石从宽等二十八人饮酒。敬宗酒酣耳热,入室更衣,此时大殿上灯烛忽然熄灭,刘克明与苏佐明等同谋将其害死,时年仅18岁。除了唐末代亡国之君哀帝是在17岁被害以外,敬宗是唐朝皇帝中享年最短的了。敬宗死后,群臣上谥号为睿武昭愍孝皇帝。文宗太和元年七月十三日,葬于庄陵。
  
  后妃子女
  后妃
  郭妃,生悼怀太子李普。
  皇子
  李普,悼怀太子,姿性韶悟。宝历元年始王晋。文宗爱之若己子,尝欲为嗣。大和二年薨,帝恻念不能已,故赠恤加焉。
  李休复,母不详,唐文宗开成二年封梁王,
  李执中,母不详,为襄王,子李寀为乐平郡王。
  李言扬,母不详,为纪王,
  李成美,母不详,为陈王。初,文宗以庄恪薨,大臣数请建东宫,开成四年,帝乃立成美为皇太子,典册未具而帝崩,仇士良立武宗,杀之于邸。子李俨王宣城郡。
  公主
  永兴公主。
  天长公主。
  宁国公主,薨广明时。


  Tang Jingzong called Li Zhan (AD 810-827), the Han, Tang Mu were the eldest son, first labeled E Wang, Jing Wang, after only labeled, in dollars and four years (809) 7 June was born in East within Daming Palace of the other house. He is two years in the Changqing (822) in December was established as the crown prince of the book, Changqing four years (824) the first month, Yoshimune Mouzon health deteriorated before his father Prince capacity to supervise the country, Mouzon died in AD 824 after the first month He was on the throne the same month the Rat. Changed the second year reign as the "treasure calendar." 2-year reign, the eunuch murder, aged 18 years. Have used reign: Bao Li; Posthumous name: Rui Xiao Wu pity the Emperor; Temple name: Yoshimune; buried Zhuang Ling (now Sanyuan County, Shaanxi Province, northeast 30 miles).
  Yoshimune accession to the throne, the state policies do not mind, his amusement than his father Mouzon is worse than excessive. Yoshimune months after ascending the throne, on the day to hit the ball in and the house, from day to go to hospital dragon ball, on the third day and again in the banquet hall large Bai Yan, thoroughly enjoyed themselves and stop. Yoshimune the blind pursuit of pleasure, and even the emperor, the audience was not a routine heart. One day in March, ready to join the cabinet ministers came to Chodo procedure, but Yoshimune until Rishangsangan not towards a. Minister to go to the morning before dawn to get up to prepare, less than late emperor, long time, court officials so they can not hold those who have fainted. Contrary to the new monarch of the progenitor system behavior, Jian Yi Li Bo doctor made remonstrate, Yoshimune in the minister's urging, had a very long time overdue. Tuizhao after Zuoshi Yi Liu habitat Chudui Huang Emperor of this approach is strongly remonstrate, his first call-Long Chi, flow of blood. Yoshimune was demonstrated quite moved, but still do not change, then even the development towards a two or three times a month are rare. In order to Yoshimune to towards a governance, the ranking positions at the local office as tribute, "Dan Yi Zhen," 6 proposed remonstrate, Yoshimune command Imperial University Shiwei Department drafted an edict thick praised ranking positions, but his own problems remains unmoved.
  Yoshimune also like to demersum Temple Dragon Boat Race, suddenly one day to the salt so that edict, he has to make Boat Race Boat 20, asked to build timber shipped to the Capital. This is a total cost of transport to use to fund half of the country that year, Jian Yi Zhang Zhong Fang, strongly advised the doctor that he only agreed to reduce by half.
  Yoshimune is too fond of playing, he will be playing it too. Tang emperor in the hands of this subjugation is not lucky, the history of evaluation Yoshimune as "no gentleman", actually means that he does not play polo figurines is a competent emperor, this is very much for him to stay face up. We do not see Yoshimune in the country's ability, you can find aspects of his play skills. Yoshimune a polo expert, has good hand pump, watching wrestling, tug of war games like Dragon Boat Race has always been bored. He also keeps a number of specialized Lux day and night without leaving around. He not only offered in all parts of the selection into Hercules, but also funded the recruitment of 10 000 consistent to within the park, it is willing to spend money in these wrestlers. Yoshimune playfulness a result, there is no what they wrote: wrestlers have some rely ex rude, Yoshimune too easily their assignment, not membership; had committed a small number of eunuchs, ranging from verbal abuse, and at the hammer tart, and made these people full of fear, resentment mind. Then the palace eunuch Hsu Chun, Shao-side, such as fish Hiroshi also because of his "night fight Fox" was cut with a bad grade. Yoshimune such unbridled pleasure, and very quickly brought the end for their own.
  Empress
  Li Pu, Mourning Huai Prince, position of Shao Wu. Bao Li Jin Wang started the first year. Wen-tsung, if a son, love, Changyu is heir. Japan two years pass away, God could not have been sad to study, so gift-shirt and Yan.
  Li Yan Yang, the mother is unknown, as the Chi Wang,
  Wing Hing princesses.
    

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