平安时代 人物列表
桓武天皇平城天皇嵯峨天皇
淳和天皇 Chun and the Emperor仁明天皇 Jen King tomorrow文德天皇
清和天皇阳成天皇光孝天皇
宇多天皇 Emperor Uda醍醐天皇 Emperor Daigo朱雀天皇 Emperor Suzaku
村上天皇冷泉天皇圆融天皇
花山天皇 Huashan Emperor一条天皇 An emperor三条天皇
后一条天皇后朱雀天皇后冷泉天皇
后三条天皇 Emperor after three白河天皇 Shirakawa Tennō堀河天皇
鸟羽天皇 Emperor Toba崇德天皇 Zonta Emperor近卫天皇
后白河天皇 After the Emperor Shirakawa二条天皇六条天皇
高仓天皇 Emperor Takakura安德天皇
后白河天皇 After the Emperor Shirakawa
平安时代  (1127年1192年)
开端终结
在位1155年1158年
保元1156年4月27日1159年4月20日

  第77代天皇:后白河天皇(1127-1192)(在位1155-1158)(院政1159-1180,1181-1192)
  后白河天皇是鸟羽天皇的二皇子。1155年,近卫天皇去世,皇室内部为皇位继承的问题,发生了强烈的斗争。这时两位太上皇--即近卫的父亲鸟羽法皇和近卫天皇的兄长崇德上皇还都在人世。崇德上皇希望自己复位,或是传给自己的儿子重仁亲王;而鸟羽法皇主张以儿子雅仁亲王继位。为了皇位继位问题,藤原氏内部也出现了对立。关白藤原忠心通支持后白河天皇,而左大臣藤原赖长拥护崇德上皇。结果鸟羽上皇占了上风,雅仁亲王即位为第77代天皇--后白河天皇。此举引起崇德上皇的不满,他在1156年(保元元年)鸟羽法皇死后,联络藤原赖长、源义为等准备夺回皇位。但是他们的阴谋被后白河天皇侦知,天皇联合了武士平清盛、源义朝等来了个先发制人。双方激战中,藤原赖长被流矢射中身亡。结果,崇德上皇落败,跑到仁和寺当了和尚,后被流放到外地。此后的8年里,他多次要求回京城居住,都未获批准。1146年,崇德上皇在凄凉、穷困中郁郁而终。
  这次政争,史称“保元之乱”,是日本史上少有的兄弟之间兵戎相见的争位之战。保元之乱平定之后,后白河天皇亲政。他任用自己的亲信,推行新政。后白河天皇立自己的长子守仁亲王为太子。他深知天皇不会有真正的权力,所以在位3年后,即匆匆让位给守仁太子,即二条天皇。他自己做了上皇,以院政的方式,掌握了实权。
  
  后白河天皇,日本第77代天皇。鸟羽天皇第四皇子。母为藤原公实之女待贤门院璋子。
  生平
  
  久寿2年(1155年)近卫天皇驾崩,改立其兄雅仁亲王践祚,是为后白河天皇。崇德上皇本想自己复位或立其皇子重仁亲王为天皇,遭关白藤原忠通及鸟羽法皇反对,改为拥立后白河天皇
  
  当初鸟羽法皇对雅仁亲王(后白河天皇)的资质抱有疑问、但却有意立其英迈兼有崇高名声的守仁亲王(后为二条天皇)为天皇,但鉴于守仁亲王尚年少、兼且其父雅仁亲王仍在世,若守仁亲王越其父而即位会被影响名声。所以由后白河天皇暂时即位,崇德上皇系皇族的皇位继承权再一次被否定,并意味二条天皇将会不久君临天下。
  
  另一方面,崇德上皇和左大臣藤原赖长之间亲近与鸟羽法皇和藤原通宪支持的后白河天皇对抗。
  
  保元元年(1156年)、鸟羽法皇驾崩,保元之乱立即发生。后白河天皇以武家平清盛、源义朝等击败崇德上皇突袭的军队,崇德上皇被流放到赞歧,支持他的武家源为义等被斩首。乱后后白河天皇尽力强化政权,推行保元新制和庄园整理等。保元3年(1158年)后白河天皇让位给守仁亲王(二条天皇)开始院政。以后二条天皇、六条天皇、高仓天皇、安德天皇与后鸟羽天皇5代都由后白河上皇院政所操控。
  
  平清盛因保元之乱而赢得后白河天皇的信赖,于是升任播磨守及大宰大贰。然而此后清盛与藤原信西(通宪)联手扩张其权力的企图让藤原信赖与源义朝大为不满,两人于是举兵对抗之。这就是发生于奔驰元年(1159年)的平治之乱。这场乱事最后由平清盛获得胜利,源义朝被其诛杀,以源义朝长子源义平为首的许多源氏族人均被处死,也被捕的义朝三男源赖朝则被处以流放至伊豆国之刑罚。自此,平清盛打下了武家政权的基础。
  
  然而,平清盛的势力扩张,让以后白河法皇(嘉应元年(1169年)出家的后白河天皇)为首的院政势力为之感到不满,也逐渐加深双方之间的对立。
  
  治承元年(1177年)6月发生了企图推翻平家势力的鹿谷阴谋事件。结果因为多田行纲的告密而被揭发并胎死腹中。平清盛并且利用这个事件开始铲除,将参与院政的院近臣。于是藤原师光(西光)被处死,藤原成亲被流放到备中,并且在当地坠下悬崖离奇地死亡。僧侣俊宽则被流放到鬼界之岛。不过平清盛最终还是没有直接向法皇兴师问罪。
  
  治承3年(1179年)这一年许多不幸之事连连降临在平清盛身上。先是在六月时其女平盛子去世。之后法皇未与平清盛商议就迳自没收平盛子生前所有的庄园。接着在七月,被平清盛视为继承人并寄予厚望的嫡长子平重盛四十二岁即英年早逝(病死)。就在平清盛为之哀恸不已的时刻,法皇却又一次未与平清盛商量即没收了平重盛原有的知行国(领国)越前国。
  
  震怒的平清盛终于无法忍受法皇无视自己的作法。同年11月14日,他亲率大军自福原(现在的神户)上京,隔天(15日)发动所谓的治承政变。他将以藤原基房为首的反平氏亲贵,约三十九人院近臣全数罢官,并任命亲平氏的亲贵以取而代之。为平清盛此举感到畏惧的法皇也向其请求饶恕,这回平清盛没有放过法皇。11月20日,后白河法皇被幽禁于鸟羽殿。自此后白河院政宣告中止,由平清盛独揽大权的平氏政权接手。
  
  平清盛随后在治承4年(1180年)2月迫使高仓天皇退位,拥立自己的孙子,平德子之子即位,是为安德天皇。
  
  经过同年源赖政拥护后白河法皇次子以仁王以对抗平清盛。然而迅速反应的平清盛立即派四男平知盛领军征讨之,最后败逃的以仁王和源赖政两人都被诛杀。
  
  1181年,平清盛病死。木曾义仲的将平氏的势力赶出京都。1183年,平氏准备挟持安德天皇和后白河法皇,以及天皇的神器,逃待西部。后白河法皇乘机逃脱,返回京都后,立即发布追剿平氏的命令。当密令传到源赖朝,源赖朝便派遣源范赖及源义经统率5万大军征讨木曾义仲。1183年8月,由后白河上皇主持,在没有天皇神器的情况下,立4岁的尊成亲王就位,是为后鸟羽天皇。
  
  1184年讨灭木曾义仲。至此,源赖朝势力成为天下讨平家的唯一主力。
  
  最后,在1185年春,源义经在坛之浦之战将平家消灭。
  
  后来,源赖朝与源义经不和。1189年,后白河法皇允许源赖朝率军远征陆奥羽,灭保护义经的藤原泰衡,确立全国武家政治体制。
  
  1190年,源赖朝上京会见后白河法皇,任朝廷权大纳言(编外太政官副职)、右近卫大将军等职,假以法皇名义控制各地军政大权。1192年后白河法皇死后,源赖朝任征夷大将军,建立日本历史上第一个武士政权镰仓幕府,后白河法皇院政告一段落。
  人物像
  
  据‘平治物語’所述,其人嗜游、不务正业,世称“今样狂い”。其父鸟羽法皇以“无文、不武、非能、阙艺。”评之。
  
  第77代天皇
  在位期间:
  1155年8月23日 - 1158年9月5日
  时代 平安时代
  首都 京都
  别名 行真法皇
  陵墓 法住寺陵
  父亲 鸟羽天皇
  母亲 藤原璋子
  中宫 德大寺忻子
  女御 三条琮子
  平滋子


  Toba emperor is the emperor Shirakawa after the Second Prince. In 1155, Emperor Konoe died within royal succession to the throne of the problem, place a strong fight. Then the two overlord - that Konoe's father, Emperor Toba and Emperor's brother Zonta Uehata Guards also are dead. Zonta Uehata want to reset, or passed to his son Chung-jen, Wales; and Toba Emperor claims to the throne his son, Prince Masahito. The problem of succession to the throne, Fujiwara's also appeared within the opposition. Fujiwara loyalty through relevant support after the White Emperor Shirakawa, but left long supported the Minister Fujiwara Lai Zonta Uehata. Results Toba Uehata the upper hand, Masahito Prince ascended the throne as the 77th generation of the emperor - Emperor Shirakawa after. This caused dissatisfaction Zonta Uehata, he in 1156 (for keeping the first year) after the death of Emperor Toba, contact Fujiwara Lai Cheung, Yuen Yi for the other prepared to retake the throne. But their plot was detected the following Emperor Shirakawa, emperor of the Wu Shiping Chiang Saen joint, Minamoto no Yoshitomo and so had a pre-emptive. The two sides battle, Fujiwara Lai long shot dead by flow vector. The results, Zonta Uehata lost, went to Ninna-ji became a monk and was later exiled to the field. After 8 years, he repeatedly called back to living in the capital, have not been approved. In 1146, Zonta Uehata in the desolate, depressed and eventually died in poverty.
  Life
  On the other hand, Minister Fujiwara Zonta Uehata and left between the close and depend on long-Emperor Toba and Fujiwara Michinori support of Emperor Shirakawa after the confrontation.
  However, the forces of expansion Ping Chiang Saen, so that after the Emperor Shirakawa (Jiaying first year (1169) to enter a monastery after the emperor Shirakawa)-led government forces and a feeling of dissatisfaction with hospital has gradually deepened the antagonism between the parties.
  Ping Chiang Saen wrath of Emperor finally could not stand the practice of ignoring their own. November 14 the same year, he personally led a force from the blessing of the original (now Kobe) to Beijing the next day (15) coup d'etat launched by the so-called government contractor. He will be base housing-led anti-Fujiwara's Qin Gui Ping, about 39 people forced to resign all the Elegance Court and the appointment of Qin Gui's pro-peace to replace. To Ping Chiang Saen was afraid of this Emperor is also a request to forgive him, this time did not spare Emperor Ping Chiang Saen. November 20, after the Emperor Shirakawa were confined in the Toba Palace. Since then the political declaration of suspension of White River School, the all powerful Ping Ping Chiang Saen's regime took over.
  1181, Ping Chiang Saen died. Kiso Yoshinaka's forces will be flat out of Kyoto. In 1183, Emperor Ping's ready to hijack and post-Andrew White River Emperor, and Emperor of the artifact, fled west to be. Emperor Shirakawa after the opportunity to escape and returned to the capital immediately after the hunt Ping's release order. When the secret order spread to Minamoto no Yoritomo, Minamoto no Yoritomo so he sent the source and the Origin of Fan Lai command of 50,000 troops conquered by the Kiso Yoshinaka. August 1183, hosted by the Goshirakawa Uehata, in the absence of artifacts in the case of the emperor, Li 4-year-old Prince of respect into place, is the post-Toba Emperor.
  Later, Minamoto no Yoritomo and Minamoto no Yoshitsune discord. In 1189, after the Emperor Shirakawa Yoritomo led his army expedition to allow the source Mutsu Yu, eliminate the protection of Fujiwara Yoshitsune Thai balance, established the National Aggressive treatment system.
  According to 'Mercedes Story' above, its people's passion for travel, much work, the world that "this kind of crazy い." His father, Emperor Toba of "no paper, no use of force, non-energy, Que Arts." Rated.
  August 23, 1155 - September 5, 1158
  True Emperor alias line
  Mother Fujiwara Tamako
  Ping Shigeko
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(1155年1158年)
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