shǐ qián 'ōu zhōu Prehistoric Europe   zǎo 'é luó Early Russia    rén Khazaria   liú wáng cháo Rurik Dynasty   luó màn nuò wáng cháo House of Romanov   jìn xiàn dài 'é luó   é luó lián bāng Russian Federation   


   rén bān zhǐ jué mín gēngzhèng què de shì yóu běi xiōng qiān zhì 'ōu zhōu de zhī huí rén saragur chéng bāo kuò dāng zhù ( bāo kuò rén men gōng yuán 'èr shì chū xiàn zài nán 'é hǎi běi huí zhōng de yòu guānzhī suǒ huí yòu guān shì yīn wéi běi wèi céng gāo chē men qiānméi zǒu de chéng wéi huí zhōng de rén yuán duōzài gōng yuán 5 shì dōng luó guó de bài zhàn tíng shǐ wén xiàn zhōngjīng cháng dào míng jiào 'ā 'ěr de mín zài 484 nián shǒu shì zuò wéi 'ā de méng yǒuér qiě hái rèn wéi zhè shì xiē zhù zài hēi hǎi běi hǎi jìn de luòzài 466 nián zhī hòu de shǐ liào zhōngjiù zài zhè xiē mín liǎoyīn wéi zài zhè nián men wéi yuǎn zhēng 'ér jīng tōng xiàng gāo jiā suǒ de dào de shí hòushòu dào liǎo saraghur de gōng zhè luò shì rén zhōng yuányòu rén shuō men de míng shì bái yǎn cài de chì zhōng de shì men de zuì zhí jiē yuán rén xìn yóu tài jiào hòu men de yuán zhuī zhì nuó de 'ér
  
   men cóng shǔ 'ā shǐ jiā dàn shì zhǐ shì jué yòu shū de guān men zài gōng yuán shì xià bàn zài běi gāo jiā suǒ cǎo yuán 'ěr jiā zhōng xià yóu jiàn liǎo qiáng de hàn guóchéng wéi chóu zhī běi dào shàng de zhōng jiào zhòng yào de zhōng zhuǎn zhànbǎn dōng zhì huā zhì duō nǎo tǎn shì xīn bài zhàn tíng guó 'ā guó zài zhèng zhì jīng shàng bǎo chí mìqiè de guān men de kèhán míng hào shì hǎn zài wén yòu jiào wén yòu xiōng bīngzài 'é wén lái wén yòu yáng rénzài 'ā yòu xiǎo yǎn jīng de zài 'ā měi yòu běi fāng de dài shǐ shuō rén hǎo jié lüè cháng bēn cháng máo shì zhù yào zhōu rén hòu lái cóng shì rén huó dòng chēng wéi rénzài 1480 nián dài hái yòu chēng rén de jué yóu mín yuán
  
   men zài bài zhàn tíng guó guó zhēng duó 'ā sài bài jiāng de shí hòu kèhán zhá 'ěr céng jiè bīng wàn gěi bài zhàn tíng men měng liè kàng 'ā rén de qīnzài shì zhōng rén wáng gōng cóng mǎn jiào guī yóu tài jiào ( shì yóu tài jiào zhōng de pài )。 yuē 740 nián kèhán xìn fèng yóu tài jiàoyóu míng yòu yóu tài rén xuè tǒng de jiāng jūn lán chàng dǎo xià jiē shòudàn píng mín duō shì lín zài shí shì shòu 'é luó rénbài zhàn tíng guó pèi chén niè rén gōng xià mièxiàn zài de cóng qián chēng hěn duō mín chēng hǎi wéi hǎi
  
   rén shì 'ōu zhōu jué rén zhōng zuì wén míng de men céng yòu sān shǒu zuò shǒu lún jiā 'ěr zài jié liè nán zhī liú yuán chùā rén zài 722 zhì 723 nián cuī huǐ 'èr zuò shì ' màn 'ěr, ' jìn sān zuò shì 'ā de 'ěrzài 'ā hǎn běi hàn guó zài 1030 nián shòu bài zhàn tíng luó gōng xià wáng guó men de bèi qīn chá rén jiē shǒu
  
   zhèng zhì
   wáng wèi fēn wéi kèhán huò dāng dài 'ā shǐ xué jiā rèn wéixiāng guān de kèhán ( ā shǐ shì ), chún cuì shì zhǒng jīng shén de tǒng zhì zhě huò quán yòu xiànér shì xíng zhèng jūn shì shì kèhán zhù zài 'ā de 'ěr jiā dǎo shàng běn . lán shuō kèhán yòu 'èr shí wèi liù shí qiègōng tíng yòu yān rénzhè zhǒng zuò yǐng xiǎng liǎo hòu lái de xiōng rén rénjūn duì běn lái shì jué rénhòu lái yóu huā yōng bīng chéngyòu wèi lín shǐ jiā chū rén fēn chéng liǎng zhǒng, akkhazar bái rén karakhazar hēi rénbái rén báitóu hóng yǎn zhū lán ér hēi hēi yǒu yǒu de jiē jìn shēn hēihǎo xiàng men shì mǒu zhǒng xíng shì de yìn rén rán 'ér duō jué guó jiā yòu lèi dezhèng zhìér shì zhǒng zhī jiān de fēn gōngbái zhí zhèng shì zhǒng xìng hēi de píng mín jiē céng men de kèhán píng shí jiàn rén , yuè chū xiàn , píng shì yóu , měi jiàn biǎo shì zūn zhòngyòu wèi 'ā zuò jiā shuō shí shì hòu guì shì yóu tài rén de mín yòu de guān , yóu tài rén liǎng ( pàn 'àn ), lín 'èr , liǎng , rén lìng yòu guān


  The Khazars were a semi-nomadic Turkic people who dominated the Pontic steppe and the North Caucasus from the 7th to the 10th century CE. The name 'Khazar' seems to be tied to a Turkic verb form meaning "wandering".
  
  In the 7th century CE, the Khazars founded an independent Khaganate in the Northern Caucasus along the Caspian Sea. Although the Khazars were initially Tengri shamanists, many converted to the Abrahamic faiths through interaction with the Byzantine Empire & successive Islamic caliphates; during the eighth or ninth century, the Khaganate adopted Judaism as state religion. At their height, the Khazars and their tributaries controlled much of what is today southern Russia, western Kazakhstan, eastern Ukraine, Azerbaijan, large portions of the Northern Caucasus ( Circassia, Dagestan, Chechnya), parts of Georgia and the Crimea.
  
  Between 965 and 969, their sovereignty was broken by Sviatoslav I of Kiev, and they became a subject people of Kievan Rus'. Gradually displaced by the Rus, the Kipchaks, and later the conquering Mongol Golden Horde, the Khazars largely disappeared as a culturally distinct people.


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