德國前東部領土（德文：ehemalige deutsche Ostgebiete）是指位於奧得河-尼斯河綫以東，曾經得到國際公認屬於德國領土一部分的所有省份或地區。
從1919年到1990年，這些領土的部分或全部，受到許多外交活動的支配。在兩次世界大戰之間，德國許多人，特別是納粋黨黨員，聲稱這些根據凡爾賽條約割讓的德國領土應當歸還德國。這一要求是第二次世界大戰的重要前因。戰後，所謂“德國問題”一直是戰後德國歷史與政治的一個重要因素。爭論在對冷戰政治與外交的談判中扮演重要觮色，也為1990年德國重新統一做了準備。
第一次世界大戰之後，德國在1919年的《凡爾賽條約》中統一放棄這些領土。入侵波蘭後，德國收復並合併了這些領土。1945年，第二次世界大戰結束時，德國突然失去了所有奧得河-尼斯河綫以東領土，這時國際公認的領土完整權利被棄之不顧。
1990年，德國正式承認了它重新統一時的東部邊界，終止對奧得河-尼斯河綫以東領土的主權要求。
用法
波茨坦協定將這次轉讓的領土稱為“德國前領土[奧得河-尼斯河綫以東]”，通常將這種描述稱為“奧得河-尼斯河綫以東的前德國領土”。
德國東部領土 1871-1945
德意誌帝國的建立
在1871年德意誌帝國成立時，普魯士是帝國內最大的、占優勢的部分。因此，東勃蘭登堡、西裏西亞、波美拉尼亞、普魯士省和波森這些領土成為構成德意誌帝國的領土中的initial領土。後來，這些領土將要稱為德意誌帝國的東部領土（Ostgebiete des deutschen Reiches）。
在一些地方，例如波森和上西裏西亞南部，大部分人口是波蘭人，而其他地區都以德國人占絶對優勢。德國人和波蘭人的雜居引起關於這些領土應屬於德國還是波蘭的爭論，這一爭論在二戰以前至少持續了四分之三個世紀。
凡爾賽條約
第一次世界大戰結束後，凡爾賽條約迫使德國將部分領土交給其他國傢。在中歐地區包括：
第二次世界大戰
第二次世界大戰開始時，德國入侵波蘭，並合併了在凡爾賽條約中失去的東部領土
1939年侵入波蘭以後，第三帝國將這些土地並入德意誌帝國 放棄給波蘭第二共和國
波茨坦協定
第二次世界大戰之後，根據1945年7月13日到8月2日商定的波茨坦協定，所有奧得河-尼斯河綫以東的地區，不論是國際社會公認的德國領土，還是德國在二戰中占領的領土，主權全部交給其他國傢。波茨坦協定中的相關段落如下：
五、哥尼斯堡市及其鄰近區域.
The Conference examined a proposal by 蘇聯政府 to the effect that pending the final determination of territorial questions at the peace settlement, the section of the western frontier of the 蘇维埃社會主義共和國 which is adjacent to the 波羅的海 should pass from a point on the eastern shore of the Bay of Danzig to the east, north of Braunsberg-Goldap, to the meeting point of 立陶宛邊境，波蘭共和國以及東普魯士.
The Conference has agreed in principle to the proposal of 蘇聯政府 concerning the ultimate transfer to the 蘇聯 of the 哥尼斯堡 and the area adjacent to it as described above subject to expert examination of the actual frontier.
美國總統和英國首相 have declared tggghat they will support the proposal of the Conference at the forthcoming peace settlement.
八、波蘭
...
英國和美國政府 have taken measures to protect the interest of the Polish Provisional Government of National Unity as the recognized government of the Polish State in the property belonging to the Polish State located in their territories and under their control, whatever the form of this property may be.
...
In conformity with the agreement on Poland reached at the 剋裏米亞條約 the three Heads of Government have sought the opinion of the Polish Provisional Government of National Unity in regard to the accession of territory in the north and west which Poland should receive. The President of the National Council of Poland and members of the Polish Provisional Government of National Unity have been received at the Conference and have fully presented their views. The three Heads of Government reaffirm their opinion that the final delimitation of the western frontier of Poland should await the peace settlement. The three Heads of Government agree that, pending the final determination of Poland's western frontier, the 前德國領土 cast of a line running from the Baltic Sea immediately west of Swinamunde, and thence along the Oder River to the confluence of the 尼斯河西岸 and along the Western Neisse to the Czechoslovak frontier, including that portion of 東普魯士 not placed under the administration of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in accordance with the understanding reached at this conference and including the area of the former free city of Danzig, shall be under the administration of the Polish State and for such purposes should not be considered as part of the 蘇聯軍事占領區. (Emphasis added)
衕盟國也作齣了以下的協議:
XII. Orderly transfer of German populations.
三國政府（蘇聯、美國和英國）, having considered the question in all its aspects, recognize that the transfer to Germany of German populations, or elements thereof, remaining in Poland, Czechoslovakia and Hungary, will have to be undertaken. They agree that any transfers that take place should be effected in an orderly and humane manner.
because in the words of Winston Churchill
Expulsion is the method which, in so far as we have been able to see, will be the most satisfactory and lasting. There will be no mixture of populations to cause endless trouble
第二次世界大戰以後
在1945年到1990年之間，關於這些領土的最終部署一直是國際爭議的主題
西德（德意誌聯邦共和國）政府傾嚮於使用“波蘭和蘇聯統治下的前德國領土”。這是波茨坦協定中使用的措辭，但衹有德意誌聯邦共和國這樣使用，因為波蘭和蘇聯政府拒絶使用這個說法，因為這暗示這些領土有一天將歸還德國。
波蘭政府傾嚮於使用的措辭是收復領土（Recovered Territories），強調這些領土過去曾經屬於波蘭，是在1945年將其從納粋德國收復。
遣送德國人
位於奧得河-尼斯河綫以東，尚未逃離（1944年鼕-1945年）的大部分德語人口均被蘇聯紅軍無條件驅逐，不管他們是已經在此居住了幾個世紀，還是在二戰中新近移民來此。衕時，數以百萬計的波蘭人也被從並入蘇聯的前波蘭東部領土填充這一區域。戰後初期，德國資料通常引用的撤退和驅逐的德國人數據為 1600萬，
東方政策
重新統一和東部領土地位的最終解決
Former eastern territories of Germany (German: Ehemalige deutsche Ostgebiete) is a term that describes the territories that comprise collectively those provinces or regions east of the current eastern border of Germany which were internationally recognised as the territory of Germany after the formation of the German Empire in 1871 and were lost by Germany during and after the two world wars. These territories include the Province of Posen (lost in World War I) and East Prussia, Farther Pomerania, East Brandenburg and Silesia (lost in World War II); and other, smaller regions. In present-day Germany, the term is usually meant to refer only to the territories lost in World War II.